Gǀui Dictionary

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Headword	Headword	Juncture Form	Tone	Pronunciation	Part of Speech	English Definition
'è	-ʔè		L		suffix	passive marker (verbal suffix).
xò'òrò	-χò-ʔòrò		LLL		adverbializer	manner adverbializer, attached to an ideophone. 'àbì há'é sà báán-xò-'òrò ǃhúī. 'He bores a hole to a larger hollow.' (etymology: xò 'thing'; 'óō 'inside')
kàxō	-kà-χō		LM		suffix	causative. kà-xō-sì '(causative+reflexive) to pretend to do'. ǁ'óó-kà-xō-sì 'to pretend to be dead', ǃ'áān-kà-xō-sì 'to pretend to know'.
kàxō	-kà-χō		LM		suffix	verbalizer from a noun (N) to a verb. to call something N (in metaphor or euphemism). ǃánō-kà-xō 'to call (e.g. a blind snake) steel (in metaphor)', ǀéé-kà-xō 'to call (a womanizer) wildebeest (in metaphor)', ǁárà-kà-xō 'to call (a giraffe) camel thorn (in euphemism)'.
kx'ai	-qχʼai			[qχʼī] / [qχʼì]	suffix	applicative: do in front of. ǀóán bì kì khóè mà ǀx'áé-kx'ì. 'The boy fell in front of the man.'
kx'āī	-qχʼāī		MM		suffix	exessive: do excessively, do too much, etc. (the second component of a grammaticalized juncture construction). (etymology: kx'áí 'far'). ǃāō-kx'āī 'too long'. cèrè kì khàrì sà kx'āā-kx'āī. 'I drank liquor too much today.'
xà	-χà		L		suffix	nominalizer (verb to noun): a person able to do well. 'áā ǃàrò-xà mà 'à. 'That is a person able to run fast.'
xà	-χà		L		suffix	verbalizer (noun to verb), proprietive. to have something, to be with something, to be filled with something. ǁnúì-xà 'with fat, i.e. fatty (e.g. of meat)'. ǂáó-xà 'lit. having heart, i.e. mentally strong'. ǃōōn-xà 'lit. with walking, i.e. able to walk a long distance'. màān-xà 'lit. with head, i.e. clever.' ǀnèn sì kúbí sì tsháā-xà. 'This cup is with water (i.e. contains water).'
xà	-χà		L		suffix	associative. Used to mark associative plural (or dual), suffixed to a noun, followed by a PGN enclitic. ǁgóò-kò-xà dzì. 'A senior woman and other women.' kééxà-xà tsèrà. 'Kiega and his fellow.' kééxà-xà tsèrà khàn̄ntà-xà tsèrà. 'Kiega and Khanta.' kééxà-xà ǁàò-è. 'Keega and others (vocative).'
ǀùà	-ǀùà		LL		dim	small version of something. (etymology: ǀóán 'child').
ǀxae	-ǀχae			[ǀχàè] / [ǀχāē]	suffix	applicative: do toward, do for, do against; do in search of, go searching for (with motion verbs); do by affecting. (cf. ǀxàè '【pp】 on').
ǁgò	-ɡǁò		L		aug	augmentative marker. dyúù-ǁgò 'big eland', kóné-ǁgò 'big car'. (etymology: ǁgóò 'grow').
ǂnàm̀	-ŋǂàm̀		LL		suffix	suffixed to nouns/proper nouns to signify someone is deceased. late, dead, deceased.
ǃàò	-ǃàò		LL		suffix	suffixed to a tree name with the semantic effect of a branch bearing many fruits. kx'úm̄-ǃàò 'a branch of Brandybush with plenty berries'. (Gǁana: kàò)
ǃáósì	ǃáó-sì		HHL		v	to do extensively. (the second component of a grammaticalized juncture construction). (etymology: ǃáó 'attack'). (Gǁana: káó-hèn).
'à	ʔà		L		v	to be (copula verb).
'à	ʔà		L		conj	allomorphic form of the conjunction yā, used in a nominalized conjoined VPs. kóné sì máān cà héén 'à ǁ'óó sà cèrè ǀ'ūā-hā. 'I don't know what happened to the car and made it broken.'
'ā	ʔā		M		dem	that (deictic). weak form of 'áā.
'á'àn'à'àn	ʔá̰ã̀-ʔà̰ã̀		HLLL	[ʔáˤã̀-ʔàˤã̀]	v	to clear one's throat, to hem. When a falling feather (dzènè) gets close to a tree, people often make the non-verbal sound of 'á'àn-'à'àn to guide the feather away from the tree. khóè bì cì 'á'àn-'à'àn-dyúm̀-ǀnà. 'The man is hemming (trying to clear his throat).'
'áā	ʔáā		HM		dem	that (deictic). strong form of 'ā.
'āān	ʔāã̄	'ānā; 'ēnā	MM		v	to wear, to put on. ǁnàū sà 'āān. 'to wear the leather blanket.' 'āān-xò
'āān	ʔāã̄		MM		n	clothes (lit. wear-thing).
'ábà	ʔábà	'ābā	HL		v	to give birth to a baby (of human only); to have a child. (father can also be the subject); to carry a baby on the back.
'ábà	ʔábà	'ābā	HL		v	to carry things on one's back (women's way of carrying things).
'ābā	ʔābā		MM		n	dog.
'ābāgù	ʔābā-ɡù		MML		n	baby wrap, baby sling, a blanket for securely and comfortably carrying a baby against a care-giver's body.
'ābāxō	ʔābā-χō		MMM		v	to prepare. (etymology: unclear: 'ábà 'carry' + xúū 'leave?').
'ánē	ʔánī	'ányā	HM		v	to wear, to put on. variant of 'āān. (rare). 'àbì hā-cì 'āān-xò dzì 'ánē. 'He is putting on the clothes.'
'áó	ʔáó	'áō	HH		v	to take a long time.
'árē	ʔárē	'árēnā	HM		v	to be frightened; to be scared; to be astonished. (adapted loanword from Naro). (synonym: ǀíì-ǁà).
'árú'àrù (sī)	ʔárú-ʔàrù (-sī)		HHLLM		v	to hold and turn something hot in both hands, flipping it over. 'árú-'àrù-sī (reflexive). 'to writhe in agony from the burning heat, contorting one's body.'
'āyā	ʔājā	'āyānā	MM		v	to become a leader, a chief; to become wealthy.
'énátē	ʔéná-tē		HHM		n	small type of thumb piano (lamellaphone). (cf. déén-gù).
'érá'èrà	ʔérá-ʔèrà		HHLL		v	to spread, layout grass to make a sleeping place.
'ī	ʔī		M		v	to be (identifier, identification clitic). dzérá bì 'ī. '(it) is a bird.' ǃnúū bì 'ī kx'ō. '(it) was a hut.' 'àm̀ kééxà. 'àm̀ 'ī kà, 'àmà ǂíī. 'Is he Kiega? If it is he, call him.' 'àm̀ cíán kà, 'àmà xúū. 'If he is someone else, leave him.'
'īī	ʔīī	'īyā; 'īā	MM		v	to seem, look, appear (intransitive). ǁáú cà 'īī. 'to look straight.' ǀnèn m̀ ìī bì ǀgèrō m̀ khùà 'īī. 'This tree looks like an ostrich.'
'óbò'òbò	ʔóbò-ʔòbò		HLLL		v	to put in many things. xò dzì ǃnáà sì wà 'óbò-'òbò. 'to put many things in a container.'
'óè	ʔóè	'ōē	HL		v	to stab a fat thing; to burst something, e.g. a ball. ǁx'ámā 'óè. 'Stab by hitting.' (cf. 'ōē).
'ōē	ʔōē	'ōrē	MM		v	to start to blow (of wind); to burst out; to spill out (of what is inside the container when it breaks).
'ōē	ʔōē	'ōrē	MM		v	to answer, to reply with the interjection /jìēē/ [jèēē] when called by someone. (intransitive).
'óō	ʔóō		HM		n	inside.
'ō	-ʔō		M		suffix	verbal extension (illative; applicative). to do into. (etymology: 'óō 'inside').
'ò	-ʔò		L		suffix	inside of something, place of something. (etymology: 'óō 'inside').
'óōcómā	ʔóō-cúmā		HMHM		n	fillet (meat).
'ūsì	ʔū-sì		ML		particle	marker of the future tense, typically used for an event tomorrow or a couple of days later.
'úà	ʔúà		HL		interj	Bring it here. The etymology of this interjection may be 'úā-àà 'send-come'.
'úì	ʔúì		HL		n	an onion. (loan from Tswana).
'ūrī'ùrì	ʔūrī-ʔùrì		MMLL		v	to turn purple due to cyanosis (of lips, e.g. being frightened). 'àm̀ kx'áḿ-'ò è 'ūrī-'ùrì. 'His lips have turned purple.'
'úú	ʔúú	'úwā; 'úā	HH		v	to take something to someone; to send. 'à bì ǀ'éē sà ǁgàē xà sèrà kà 'úú. 'He took fire to his two wives.'
'úúkx'àì	ʔúú-qχʼàì		HHLL		v	to face, to look at.
'yá'm̄'yà'm̀	ʔjá̰m̄-ʔjà̰m̀		HMLL	[ʔjáˤm̄-ʔjàˤm̀]	v	to pile things like furs in one spot; to pile much grass against a hut.
àà	àà	àā	LL		v	to come. (NB: there are two juncture forms: the regular form àā-hā and the irregular form àrā-hā.) ǃ'úū sì kà àà nè tsàm̀ ǀnèn kx'úm̄ mà 'ū-sì ǂ'óón. 'Tomorrow let's come here and eat this Brandybush (berries).' (cf. síí).
àā	àā		LM		n	arrival; the act of coming. 'àm̀ kà àā sà cèrè ǀ'ūwā-hā. 'I don't know his coming (arrival).'
ààkù	àà-kù		LLL		adv	here; hither (toward the speaker or deictic center). (venitive). 'àbì ǁxūū mà sáòn yā àà-kù 'àmà kx'óō. 'He carried the warthog on his back and (came to this place) here ate it.' (cf. sáā-kù).
àrē	àrē	àrēnā	LM		v	to go fetch water. (ditrasitive). tsháā sà cíā àrē. 'Go fetch and bring me water.' ǃóò sà cíā àrē. 'Go to the pan to fetch water for me.'
ngàrē	ŋàrē	ngàrēnā	LM		v	to go fetch water. (ditrasitive). Gǁana variant of àrē. tsháā sà cíā ngàrē. 'Go fetch and bring me water.'
bá'ān	bá̰ã̄	bá'nā	HM	[báˤã̄]	v (taste)	to taste and smell refreshing. (e.g. mint, some spices, traditional medicines such as tsháán, sáán-sààn [sáã́sã̀]).
bà'bē	bà̰bē	bà'bēnā	LM	[bàˤbē]	v	to flare up (of fully dried firewoods). ìī bì cì bà'bē-nā ǃnāān. 'The firewood is flaring up into a big fire.'
bá'rā	bá̰rā	bá'rānā	HM	[báˤlā]	v	to cook (fry) with much fat or oil. ǀxáā sà bá'rā. 'to sear meat in ample fat.'
bàā	bàā		LM		n	father. (address term for one's own father). (cf. dyèē).
bábū	bábū	bábwā	HM		v	to go mad, to go crazy and violent, to become abnormal. more used by Gǁana speakers. (synonym: ǂùī, dzùbā, dzúā-dzùà, ǁgà'ō). (cf. pìrì).
bám̄	bám̄	bámā	HM		v	to be too big of a head (used to insult someone with a large head). 'àm̀ màān è bámā-kx'āī. 'His head is too big.' tsā màān bám̄(-kx'ò) è. 'You, big head (insult).'
bárā	bárā	bárānā	HM		v	to wade into the water and move around; to walk through puddles splashing around.
bá'rā	bá̰rā	bá'rānā	HM	[báˤlā]	v	to soak and move in water (to walk in the water). variant of bárā.
bàrà	bàrà	bàrā	LL		v	to read. (loan from Tswana).
bàrà	bàrà	bàrā	LL		v	to count. (loan from Tswana). (synonym: ǁnáé).
bàrā	bàrā		LM		n	the name of a season (from February to March), a late rainy season when edible plants are abundant. (cf. kámá, bàrā, sáō, ǃhóó, ǁnàō).
bàū	bàū	bàwā	LM		v	to make (a product) skillfully. ìī-kx'ò sà bàwā-hā. 'to have made a mortar skillfully.'
bē	bē		M		particle	optative; obligation. ǂ'áán sì bē céé. 'May the wind stop, i.e. the speaker wants the wind to stop.' dà bē ǃgúī mà ǂnàà. 'I must twine a rope.'
bē	bē		M		particle	(emphasis). ǁgàē-kò sà bē 'à ['è]. 'It is a woman, indeed.'
béè	béè	bēē	HL		v	to frustrate, cause to fail. usually used with the reflexive suffix (béè-sī be frustrated, fail). kx'úī sì cì cíā béè. 'The language is frustrating me.' cèrè kx'úī sà béè-sī. 'I failed to learn the language.'
béè	béè	bēē	HL		v	to win, overcome, overwhelm. ǀnèn m̀ khóè bì 'àmà béè. 'This man won against him.'
bèē	bèē		LM		n	meaningless form (cranberry morpheme) found in cúú-cà-bèē, i.e. a tree producing nurtritious fruits.
cúúcàbèē	cúú-cà-bèē		HHLLM		n	sp. tree producing nurtritious fruits.
bèē	bèē	bèrē	LM		v	to fear; to be in avoidance relation to; to taboo.
bîē	bēē		MM		n	horse. (Gǁana: also bêē).
bîē	bēē		MM		interj	come here (used to call somebody). 'ā bīē. 'Come here.'
bélè	bélè		HL	[bélè ~ bérè]	interj	ah. (loan?). bélè ǁàmà bì kùà tsùū sà génè. 'Ah a dung beatle is rolling a ball of dung.'
bèlē	bèlē		LM		n	reed, sorghum, used for an arrowshaft. (loan from Tswana). (cf. ǂ'áà).
béré	béré		HH		adv	first of all, previously. cèrè cì béré 'ēsà ts'áōn sà ǂ'án̄n. 'I want first to make it.'
bèrē	bèrē		LM		n	reed, sorghum. (variant of bèlē). cf. ǂk'áà.
bíī	bíī		HM		n	sp. plant (Raphionacme burkei). The tuber is used as a source of moisture. (cf. ǁqàè, ǁqóòn).
bóó	bóó		HH		n	an axe. (cf. ǃnàbī 'scraper').
bòò	bòò	bòō	LL		v	to pour out, to put out many things out down from a container.
bòō	bòō		LM		n	baobab. (loan)
bóōrī	bóō-rī		HMM		v	to tell (transitive). máān bì kì 'ēsà bóō-rī yā méén sī hēēn ǀx'óōn-'è. 'Who said to her that she would be killed?'
bórò	bórò	bōrō	HL		v	to scold. ǀóán mà bórò. 'to scold a boy.'
búrū	búrū	búrwā	HM		v	to make a hole (e.g. through the wood).
búrū	búrū		HM		n	an Afrikaner, a white man. (loan Boer). (cf. ǀhóón).
búú	búú	búwā; búā	HH		v	to growl; to bark. (e.g. a dog). 'ābā bì cíā búú. 'The dog growled or barked at me.'
búū	búū		HM		n	baboon. (loan)
c'ébè	cʼíbè	c'ēbē	HL		v	to cut clearly with a small blade; to trim (leatherwork) neatly. (Gǁana: t'ébè).
c'úbà	cʼúbà	c'ūbā	HL		v	to pound and mix in a mortar. (e.g. browned crispy skin and seeds); to pound and dress food with seasonings.
c'óèn	cʼúĩ̀	c'ōyān	HL		v	to be visually good (cf. ǃáèn 'good non-visually'), beautiful, kind. pírí dzì 'àmà c'ōyān-máàn. lit. 'Goats good-give him, i.e. goats made him be well off, goats did him good.' (antonym: ǀx'áǹn 'visually bad').
c'ūm̄	cʼūm̄	c'ōmā	MM	[cʼūᵊm̄]	v	to kill a fat animal. (Gǁana: c'ômā-xō, kíī)
c'ūm̄	cʼūm̄	c'ōmā	MM	[cʼūᵊm̄]	v	to squeeze (pus out of wound or boil).
c'ōnē	cʼūnī	c'ōnyā	MM		v	to pinch.
cà	cà		L		conj	imitative marker (used with 'īī, ǁām̄, and héén); mimetic marker (following an ideophone); quotative marker (following reported speech, used with méén). (Gǁana: tà).
chà	cʰà		L		conj	variant of cà, imitative marker (used with 'īī, ǁām̄, and héén); mimetic marker (following an ideophone); quotative marker (following reported speech, used with méén). (Gǁana: thà).
càm̄	cèm̄	càmā	LM		v	to spring for catching an animal (of the spring branch of a snare). (Gǁana: tàm̄).
tàm̄	tàm̄	tàmā	LM		v	Gǁana variant of càm̄. to spring for catching an animal (of the spring branch of a snare).
cám̄ǃàò	cém̄-ǃàò		HMLL		n	sp. poisonous spider. (classifed as ǀgúbà).
càn̄n	cèn̄	cànā	LM		v	to get up, to stand up, i.e. to get on one's feet from a sitting or lying position. (Gǁana: tàn̄n).
chā	cʰā		M		conj	the way how (usually used with móòn 'see'). 'àm̀ 'ē ts'áōn chā cèrè móòn. 'I saw him making it.' cèrè 'àm̀ cì kx'áò-ìī mà cíó chā kī sà móòn. 'I saw the very manner he was making (hammering) an arrowhead.' (Gǁana: thā).
chá'rì	cʰá̰rì	chā'ryā	HL	[cʰáˤrì]	v	to be dull, blunt, not sharp (of blade). (variant of thá'rì).
chám̄	cʰém̄	chámā	HM		v	to be soft. (Gǁana: thám̄).
chám̄	cʰém̄	chámā	HM		v	to be easy. (Gǁana: thám̄).
chām̄ (khā)	cʰēm̄ (-kʰā)		MMM		conj	before. (usually followed by the emphatic particle khā). 'àbì àà chām̄ khā 'ēsì àà. 'Before he had come, she came.' (Gǁana: thām̄ xā).
chíáchìrà	cʰíá-cʰìrà		HHLL		v	to slice meat thin (and spread the thin pieces). (Gǁana: chárá-chàrà).
chìàǁnàū	cʰìà-ŋǁàū		LLLM		n	place name (the proper name of an ancient lake bed).
chéè	cʰíè	chēē	HL		v	to give (for nothing); to present (ditransitive). (cf. máàn). (Gǁana: chêē).
chéē	cʰíē	chérē	HM		v	to sharpen. (cf. ǁàēn).
chàmà; chèmà	cʰìmà		LL		v	to beckon. (Gǁana: thàmà).
chāmā; chēmā	cʰīmā		MM		pronoun	(something/someone) other than. cíā chāmā; chēmā dà. 'Someone other than me.' tsáā chāmā; chēmā tsì. 'Someone other than me.' 'àm̀ chāmā; chēmā mà cèrè tsxāān-hā. 'Someone other than he hates me.' (Gǁana: thàmà, tàān).
chāmā; chēmā	cʰīmā		MM		particle	not. cèrè 'ēsà ǂ'án̄n chāmā; chēmā. 'I don't like her.' (Gǁana: thàmà-hā, tàān).
chāmā; chēmā khùà	cʰīmā kʰùà		MMLL		adv	why not, of course. (Gǁana: thāmā-hā khùà).
chēnā	cʰīnā		MM		pp	like (manner): following a demonstrative or the question-marker máān. (Gǁana: thà).
chū	cʰū		M		particle	marker of the past tense. (hesternal (yesterday) past). (etymology: chúú 'yesterday').
chóán	cʰúã́		HH		n	the four parts of an antelope leather that correspond to its legs. These parts are used as belts of ǃómā 'hunting bag' and ǁnàū 'leather wrapper'.
chùbà	cʰùbà	chùbā	LL		v	to move to a distant place; to stay for a long time.
chúésì	cʰúé-sì		HHL		v	to open (specifically of the female organ).
chúí	cʰúí		HH		n	anteating chat. sp. bird (small and with a white part on both wings), Myrmecocichla formicivora. (variant of thúí).
chúī	cʰúī		HM		n	wound, cut, sore.
chúíchúrì	cʰúí-cʰúrì		HHHL	[cʰúⁱ-cʰúrì]	v	to be smooth, slippery, dull. (cf. ǁàēn).
chómáxō	cʰúmá-χō		HHM		v	to touch a sore or wound by accident and make it more painful (restimulate the pain).
chómé	cʰúmí	chómyā	HH		v	to tiptoe, to walk with soft steps. xám̄ bì cì chúmyā-ǃóòn. 'The lion is walking with soft steps.' chómé-chòmè
chómé	cʰúmí	chómyā	HH		v	to walk fast with stealthy steps.
chúràchùrà	cʰúrà-cʰùrà		HLLL		v	to shake the legs lying on one's back.
chúrì	cʰúrì	chūryā	HL		v	to be slippery. khóō bì ìī sì ǀxàè chúrì. 'lit. the bark is slippery on the tree, i.e. the bark of the tree is slippery.'
chùrī	cʰùrī	chùryā	LM		v	to peel (a skin with hand); to pluck off (hair from the fur); to tan (to pluck hair off) a piece of leather. (cf. ǁq'úrī). chúú '(of the skin) peel off (intransitive)'. 'àm̀ kx'áḿ è kx'ō chùrī-sì yā kx'ō chùrī-sì. 'lit. his mouth peeled off and peeled off, i.e. his mouth membrane became sore.'
chúrō	cʰúrō	chúrōnā	HM		v	to pluck hair or feather; to pull off hair. (e.g. to pluck a young animal and cook it with its hide on).
chūrō	cʰūrō	chūrōnā	MM		v	to slide down (smoothly); to fall down smoothly from a different point that is not where one has climbed up to. (typically of a snake).
chúrū	cʰúrū	chúrwā	HM		v	to molt (e.g. of a snake).
chúrū	cʰúrū	chúrwā	HM		v	to transform into. ǀx'áō mà chúrū. 'to transform into a snake.' ǀéé mà chúrū. 'lit. to transform into a wildebeest, i.e. to be a woman chaser.'
chúú	cʰúú		HH		adv	yesterday.
chúùxō	cʰúù-χō		HLM		v	to go at night. (Gǁana: chúù-xò).
chóòn	cʰúũ̀	chōwān; chōān	HL		v	to pain. cī màān è chóòn. 'My head aches.' cèrè chóòn à màān. 'lit. I ache in the head, i.e. my head aches.' (cf. tsàā).
chóòn	cʰúũ̀		HL		n	pain. chóòn sà kúḿ. 'lit. hear the pain, i.e. feel pain (often mental suffering), be sad.'
chóōnsì	cʰúũ̄-sì		HML		v	to move slowly and smoothely. (Gǁana: chóōn-hèn).
cī	cī		M		pronoun	my (the first person singular genitive). (strong form: cíī).
cíā	cíā		HM		pronoun	me (the first person singular accusative) (strong form). (cf. cā (weak form)).
cīāxō	cīā-χō		MMM		n	elder brother/sisiter. (cf. òō). (Gǁana: cîā-xò).
cīāǁū	cīā-ǁū		MMM		n	grandparent; uncle and aunt of parental opposite-sex sibling and parental older same-sex sibling. (cf. ǁōōn-ǀùà 'uncle and aunt of parental younger same-sex sibling'). (Gǁana: cíá-ǁù).
cíán	cíã́	cíān	HH		v	to be unusual, peculiar, strange. chúú 'too strange' (NB: cíán > cíān 【juncture form】), cíán m̀ khóè bì 'ī. 'It is a different or strange man.' cíán cà héén. 'to be strange.' (Gǁana: táán).
cìàngà	cìã̀-ɡà		LLL		n	watermelon (a cultivated variety). (Gǁana: tààn-gì).
cíbā	cíbā	cíbānā	HM		v	to crack (a bone). 'àbì cī kà ǀ'óán mà cíbā. 'He cracked my bone.'
cébè	cíbè	cēbē	HL		v	to flash the lightning (of rain). cúú bì cì cébè. 'The rain is flashing the lightning.'
cìbì	cìbì	cìbyā	LL		v	to pull and break the tree root out of the sandy ground.
céé	cíé	céē	HH		v	to stand; to exist; to come to a stop; to stop. (cf. càn̄n). ǁ'ōmā-céé 'lit. sleep-stand, i.e. to stay up until late'.
céè	cíè		HL		particle	particle for negation, always folloing a verb.
cèē	cìē		LM		n	bow.
cèècèbè	cìè-cìbè		LLLL		n	butterfly (classifed as cèè-cèbè).
céēxò	cíē-χò		HML		v	to put in the standing position.
cíī	cíī		HM		pronoun	my (the first person singular genitive) (strong form of cī).
cīī	cīī		MM		particle	particle for negative imperative, always folloing a verb. (Gǁana: cîī).
cíícì	cíí-cì		HHL		pronoun	someone other than, something other than. (indefinite pronoun).. cèrè 'àm̀ cíícì tsxāān-hā. 'I hate someone other than him.' 'àm̀ cíícì è cíā tsxāān-hā. 'Someone other than he hates me.' cèrè cì xáńntsì sì cíícì dā ǃóòn. 'I am going to some place other than Gantsi.'
céèn	cíĩ̀		HL		n	thigh; the whole leg (the thigh as its main part). (cf. ǂúm̀).
cèèn	cìĩ̀	cèyān	LL		v	to be standing; to exist.
cámā; cémā	címā		HM		conj	but; for all that; however. (Gǁana: cémē).
càmā; cèmā	cìmā		LM		n	dangerous animals' anger, which is caused by woman's violation of taboo. (cf. ǃnáán-xō). (Gǁana: tàmā).
cènè	cìnì		LL		n	the triangle muscle that covers the back of the neck and the shoulder (trapezius); the muscle under the shoulder blade (Latissimus dorsi).
cíó	cíó	cíō	HH		v	to pound; to process by beating repeatedly; to manufacture; to repair. (cf. ǁqóbó, c'úbà, ǂhám̀, ǁx'úm̄, ǁqùm̄, ǃqùm̄, ǃqúbū, ǃháán, ǃx'áān). (Gǁana: táó).
cíò	cíò	cīō	HL		v	to get angry silently; to be silent with anger. (Gǁana: táò).
cíò	cíò-qχʼī	cīō	HLM		v	to get angry over (someone) silently (transitive).
cīōxō	cīō-χō		MMM		v	to ignore angrily and silently (and chase) away. (< cíò + xúū). (Gǁana: tâō-xò).
círì	círì	cīryā	HL		v	to roar (of the thunder). cúú bì cì círì. 'The rain is roaring (thundering).'
cìù	cìù		LL		n	sleeping mat (skin). (Gǁana: tèù)
cóōrà	cóō-rà		HML	[cóōrà ~ cúōrà]	n	strong person; champion.
cóōrà	cóō-rà		HML	[cóōrà ~ cúōrà]	v	to be strong and skillful, tough (of a person).
cù'bī	cṵ̀bī	cù'byā	LM	[cùˤbī]	v	to injure an eye (with a twig). (variant of tù'bī) ìī sì ǂxáí sà cù'bī. 'The tree (twig) injured the eye.' (Gǁana: tù'bī).
cúá	cúá		HH		adv	not (adverb of negation).
cùā	cùā		LM		n	penis, genitals. cùā-kx'áḿ 'anus, vagina' 'ābā-cùā sà ǀòò. 'lit. to receive a dog-penis, i.e. to extend one's hand(s) to be given something by mistake only to be embarrassed to get nothing.'
cóàn	cúã̀	cōān	HL		v	to take a rest. (Gǁana: dzéè).
còàn	cùã̀	còān	LL		v	to tear off the hair from the hide. ǀ'ōōn dzì còàn. 'to tear the hair off.' ǀ'ōōn dzì còàn-sī. 'The hair (of the hide) fell out.' (Gǁana: tòàn).
cúbí	cúbí	cúbyā	HH		v	(liquid) to brim over; to overflow. tsháā sì cì cúbí. 'Water is overflowing.'
cùbī	cùbī	cùbyā	LM		v	to pour in continuous gushes; to flow something out gushingly. tsháā sà cùbī. 'to gush water out.'
cūbī	cūbī	cūbyā	MM		v	to castrate. (Gǁana: cûbī).
cùè	cùè	cùē	LL		v	to slither (of a snake). ǀx'áō bì cì cùè. 'A snake is slithering.'
cùè	cùè	cùē	LL		v	to move as a group in migration.
cùē	cùē		LM		n	move (of residence).
cùèsī	cùè-sī		LLM		v	to walk leading a person (e.g. a child) by the hand.
cúló	cúló		HH		n	tinderbox; flint (?). (loan from Tswana?)
cúm̀	cúm̀	cōmā	HL	[cúᵊm̀]	v	to swallow; to eat soft moist or liquid food, e.g. egg, bone marrow, poridge.
cúm̄	cúm̄	cómā	HM	[cúᵊm̄]	v (taste)	to have a bad taste and flavor common to meat of ostrich and kori bustard, and also of certain edible termites, such as ǃqgáàn, kx'ánè.
cómā	cúmā		HM		n	young (living) tree.
cómó	cúmú		HH		n	bridle. (loan from the Tswana ditômô). (Gǁana: tómó).
cōnē	cūnī	cōnyā	MM		v	to hang down with one's hands gripping something, e.g. branch. to dangle (from a bough) (for a play). (Gǁana: cônē).
cúrò	cúrò	cūrō	HL		v	to be young and small (of human and animal).
cùrō	cùrō	cùrōnā	LM		v	to burn oneself a little (on the shin from staying close to the bonfire too much). (Gǁana: cùrō [cùᵊrō]).
cúrū	cúrū	cúrwā	HM		v	to peep (through a hole/gap or standing on tiptoe).
cūrūgū	cūrū-ɡū		MMM		n	small black edible caterpillar feeding on Kalahari apple-leaf. (cf. ǃnòō)
cúú	cúú		HH		n	rain. (cf. ǂúū 'to rain').
còōn	cùũ̄	còwān; còān	LM		v	to probe a burrow of a springhare probe (hooked pole). ǂgòō mà cèrè cì còōn. 'I am searching for a springhare.'
còōn	cùũ̄		LM		n	sp. plant with edible bulbs (Ledebouria sp.). chúú 'lit. Ledebouria-nose, i.e. the bottom of the bulb which is removed out before eating'.
cōōn (khā)	cūũ̄ (kʰā)		MMM		adv	already. 'àbì cōōn (khā) 'ēsà ǂnìyā-hā. 'He is already skillful in it.' (Gǁana: côōn xā).
dà'ā	dà̰ā		LM	[dàˤā]	n	portion of food which is tasted (eaten) before meal; piece of meat for tasting. (loan word Naro?) cī kà dà'ā sì 'ī. 'It is a portion for my tasting.'
dà'ā	dà̰ā	dà'rā	LM	[dàˤā]	v	give portion for tasting. cíā 'ē dà'ā. 'Give me portion for tasting.'
dà'bē	dà̰bē		LM	[dàˤbē]	n	salt. loan from Naro. (cf. qhánā).
dà'ī	dà̰ī		LM	[dàˤī]	n	Crowned plover, Vanellus coronatus. (edible).
dà'èn	dà̰ĩ̀	dà'yān	LL	[dàˤĩ̀]	v	to leave one's child with someone.
dá'm̀	dá̰m̀		HL	[dáˤm̀]	n	strength (of a person). 'àm̀ dá'm̀ è kōō-kā háān. 'His strength still exists, i.e. he is still strong (though aged).'
dà'm̄	dà̰m̄		LM	[dàˤm̄]	n	sole and heel. the muscle on the back of the foot. (variant of dù'm̄) (often used by Gǁana speakers).
dá'm̄dà'm̀	dá̰m̄-dà̰m̀		HMLL	[dáˤm̄-dàˤm̀]	v	to moisten dry food with saliva.
dá'nà	dá̰nà		HL	[dáˤnà]	n	leaf. (cf. ǀgénā).
dà'nà	dà̰nà		LL	[dàˤnà]	n	marijuana.
dà'rì	dà̰rì	dà'ryā	LL	[dàˤrì]	v	to have young pods (of peas of Kalahari White Bauhinia). ǂnàn̄n-ǂē dzì dà'ryā-hā. 'The Kalahari White Bauhinia's pods has appeared (still without peas inside).' (cf. ǃáōn).
dàm̀	dàm̀	dàmā	LL		v	to smell slightly bad (of meat which is a little fermented).
dáò	dáò		HL		adv	meaningless form (cranberry morpheme) in máān-dáò 'how far', which is used to ask about distance. máān-dáò 'àbì cì ǃóòn. 'How far is he walking?'
dāōngū	dāũ̄-ɡū		MMM		n	donkey.
déē	déē	dérē	HM		v	to be the size of... (always requires an complement).
dééngù	díĩ́-ɡù		HHL		n	thumb piano, lamellaphone.
dénè	dínì	dēnyā	HL		v	to fill up. 'àbì sáḿ sà ǃnáà sì wà dénè. 'He filled the container with milk.'
dú'ā	dṵ́ā	dú'rā	HM	[dúˤā]	v	to creep on body (of many insects). ǂúḿ-ǂùm̀ ǁù cì cíā dú'ā. 'Many ants are creeping on my body.'
dú'ándù'àn	dṵ́ã́-dṵ̀ã̀		HHLL	[dúˤã́-dùˤã̀]	v	to finish letting all out (to finish heaping up).
dù'm̀	dṵ̀m̀		LL	[dùᵊˤm̀]	n	string made of web silk. (variant of dyù'm̀)
dù'm̄	dṵ̀m̄		LM	[dùᵊˤm̄]	n	sole, heel, the flesh on the back of the foot.
dú'mé	dṵ́mí	dú'myā	HH	[dúˤmí]	v	to pack a small portion of tobacco, marijuana, sugar, etc.
dúrú	dúrú	dúrwā	HH		v	to be expensive (price). (loan from Tswana via Naro?)
dyà'nà	ɟà̰nà		LL	[ɟàˤnà]	n	marijuana. (synonym: dà'nà, qhànà).
dyáḿ	ɟéḿ		HH		n	Kalahari tent tortoise (or serrated tortoise), Psammobates oculifer. dyáḿ-ǂgèbē 'a large spoon'. dyáḿ-ǂ'úbī 'be yellow'. dyáḿ-ǂ'úbyā-kx'āī 'be eccessively yellow'. (Gǁana: dáḿ).
dyám̄	ɟém̄		HM		n	the tongue. (Gǁana: dám̄).
dyì	ɟì		L		clitic	for verb-ing: verb-dyì 'for verb-ing' (used as a predicate. not used as a head of the noun phrase). súrì sì ǁqàò dyì. 'Tobacco is for going out to obtain.' súrì kà ǁqàò dyì sì 'ī. '(It) is tobacco for going out to obtain';
dyì	ɟì		L		clitic	PGN.gen dyì 'what is for someone/something';
dyì	ɟì		L		one's	pronoun.gen dyì 'mine, yours, his/hers/its, ours, yours, theirs.' cī dyì. 'mine'. 'áā cà dyènē ǁù dyì kà 'ē kx'ō 'īī. 'lit. like that, it was about bees' (matters), i.e. that is what the story of bees about.' (Gǁana: rì).
dyìā	ɟìā		LM		n	the owner; spouse.
dyìàn	ɟìã̀		LL		n	striped polecat, zorilla. (Ictonyx striatus). (considered to kill rats with its fart and eat them). ǀáḿ sì dyìàn mà tsxáyā-cèèn / tsxáyā-hā. 'lit. the sun has broiled a zorilla, i.e. it is hot afternoon.' (Gǁana: dààn).
dyíbà	ɟíbà	dyībā	HL		v	to cling to; to throw one's arms around someone (e.g. loving the person). (Gǁana: dábà). (Gǁana: dábà).
dyìbāsī	ɟìbā-sī		LMM		n	younger brother or sister (of someone other than the speaker). (Gǁana: dèbā-hèn).
dyìbāxō	ɟìbā-χō		LMM		n	younger brother, younger sister. (Gǁana: dèbā-xō).
dyébé	ɟíbé		HH		n	the lower lip.
dyìbī	ɟìbī	dyìbyā	LM		v	to roll about on the sand. (e.g. donkey, horse).
dyíbú	ɟíbú	dyíbwā	HH		v	to wrap, to cover (transitive). (Gǁana: débú, nébú).
dyèē	ɟìē		LM		n	mother. (Gǁana: m̀mē loan from Setswana).
dyéèbà	ɟíè-bà		HLL		n	another name for hyena (from voice when beaten). (Gǁana: dyèē-bā).
dyíná	ɟíná	dyínā	HH		v	to sweet-talk; to flatter. dyíná-dyìnà 'indulge, spoil'. (Gǁana: dáná).
dyínà	ɟínà	dyīnā	HL		v	to be very young. (Gǁana: dánà).
dyínà	ɟínà		HL		n	larva. (Gǁana: dánà).
dyénē	ɟínī	dyényā	HM		v	to lick.
dyènē	ɟìnī		LM		n	honeybee (Apis mellifera). (classified as ǀgèēn-nē).
dyíò	ɟíò	dyīō	HL		v	to burn, to scorch (transitive). (Gǁana: dáò).
dyíò	ɟíò		HL		n	road; trail; footmark; rut; line. (Gǁana: dáò).
dyíō	ɟíō	dyírō	HM		v	to return someone something; to pay for. (Gǁana: dáō).
dyìō	ɟìō	dyìrō	LM		v	to burn; to be burned; to be charred. (intransitive). (Gǁana: dàō).
dyìō	ɟìō		LM		n	wildfire, place after wildfire. (Gǁana: dàō).
dyīōkā	ɟīō-kā		MMM		v	to try to burn but in vain.
dyírā	ɟírā	dyírānā	HM		v	to visit (transitive).
dyù'm̀	ɟṵ̀m̀		LL	[ɟùᵊˤm̀]	n	string made of web silk. (variant of dù'm̀)
dyúà	ɟúà		HL		n	greater kudu. (Tragelaphus strepsiceros).
dyúàǀgèēnnē	ɟúà-ɡǀìĩ̄-nī		HLLMM		n	sp. insect. (classified as ǀgèēn-nē).
dyóān	ɟúã̄		HM		n	the soft feather in birds' wings.
dyòàn	ɟùã̀	dyòān	LL		v	to skin; to peel off the skin to take out the content. (e.g. to strip off the skin over the glans).
dyúbè	ɟúbè		HL		n	name of a Gǁana man.
dyúbè	ɟúbè	dyūbē	HL		v	(of fruit e.g. citrus) to ripen. more used by Molapo-Gǁana speakers.
dyùbē	ɟùbē		LM		n	small bag.
dyòēndyòēn	ɟùĩ̄-ɟùĩ̄		LMLM		v	to be smooth (of the surface, like an egg-shell or watermelon surface).
dyúm̀	ɟúm̀		HL	[ɟúᵊm̀]	n	hole (e.g. holes in a hide, a water tank, a tree, etc.; nests of a rat/springhare).
dyúm̀	ɟúm̀		HL	[ɟúᵊm̀]	n	reason; way, manner.
dyúm̀	ɟúm̀		HL	[ɟúᵊm̀]	n	place name.
dyúm̀ǀnà	ɟúm̀-ŋǀà		HLL	[ɟúᵊm̀-ŋǀà]	n	the throat.
dyómā	ɟúmā	dyómānā	HM		v	to create. pìī-sì-ǀūā-gū bì kx'óō-xò dzì dyómā. 'The god created animals.' cúú bì ǁnà'n̄n dzì dyómā. 'The rain creates tsamma melons.'
dyōmā	ɟūmā		MM		n	direction. (cf. ǂgéèn-dyōmā 'the north, i.e. the direction of Ghanzi', and ǀhéē-kánà-dyōmā 'the south').
dyúrō	ɟúrō	dyúrōnā	HM		v	to spin a stick with hands.
dyúù	ɟúù		HL		n	common eland (Taurotragus oryx).
dyúū	ɟúū	dyúwā; dyúā	HM		v	to crumple to soften. (e.g. tobacco leaves).
dyúùǂēmē	ɟúù-ǂīmī		HLMM		n	sp. grasshopper (named after its eland-like color). (classified as ǂēmē).
dyúùǃnòō	ɟúù-ŋǃòō		HLLM		n	edible caterpillar (of a hawk moth).
dzá'ān	dzá̰ã̄	dzá'nā	HM	[dzáˤã̄]	v (taste)	to taste and smell like grass. (of certain types of caterpillar).
dzà'ān	dzà̰ã̄		LM	[dzàˤã̄]	n	name of plant, of which the root is squeezed to get water. (classified as ìī).
dzá'bí	dzá̰bí	dzá'byā	HH	[dzáˤbí]	v	to swell (e.g. a large blister).
dzá'bì-dzá'bì	dzá̰bì-dzá̰bì		HLHL	[dzáˤbì]	v	to powerful physically (of humanbeing).
dzá'rì-dzá'rì	dzá̰rì-dzá̰rì		HLHL	[dzáˤrì]	v	to tough and chewy (of meat).
dzá'ī	dzá̰ī	dzá'yā	HM	[dzáˤī]	v	to lose weight. to be scrawny.
dzá'ídzá'bí	dzá̰í-dzá̰bí		HHHH	[dzáˤí-dzáˤbí]	v	to be full, bursting.
dzá'èn	dzá̰ĩ̀		HL	[dzáˤĩ̀]	n	cicada.
dzá'èn	dzá̰ĩ̀	dzā'yān	HL	[dzáˤĩ̀]	v	for cicadas to sing. (they cry since they hate the heat).
dzà'ò	dzà̰ò	dzà'ō	LL	[dzàˤò]	v	to skim off the fat or scum from the surface.
dzá'rìsā	dzá̰rì-sā		HLM	[dzáˤrì-sā]	v	to feel bad after drinking much water hastily when thirsty. (cf. khānō).
dzá'ū	dzá̰ū		HM	[dzáˤū]	n	Namaqua dove, Oena capensis. (edible) (dove with a long tail).
dzáā	dzáā	dzárā; dzérā	HM		v	to frighten, to scare. xám̄ bì kì cíā dzáā. 'The lion frightened me (today).'
dzàā	dzàā	dzàrā; dzèrā	LM		v	to illtreat, to treat coldly, to abandon.
dzàādzèrà	dzàā-dzèrà		LMLL		v	to look at, to observe. (synonym: ǂnáà).
dzáàsī	dzáà-sī		HLM		n	lower part of rib.
dzáān	dzáã̄	dzánā; dzénā	HM		v	to have extramarital relations. (ideally to swap).
dzàō	dzàō	dzàrō; dzèrō	LM		v	to straighten out (something bent). (cf. ǃxāōn).
dzáóndzàòn	dzáṹ-dzàũ̀		HHLL		v	(of small tortoises or thin animals) to run.
dzéè	dzéè	dzēē	HL		v	to take a rest. more used by Gǁana speakers. occasionally used for greetings by Gǀui speakers. (synonym: cóàn).
dzémā	dzémā	dzémānā	HM		v	to look with a disgust on one's face (obviously being disgusted, to cast a detesting eye); to glare.
dzérá	dzérá		HH		n	bird (generic).
dzérā	dzérā	dzérānā	HM		v	to rake out the sand.
dzèrà	dzèrà	dzèrā	LL	[dzèrà ~ dzèlà]	v	(of fruits) to be still small and immature (of fruits, e.g. ǀgúà, qáan, ǁnà'n̄n).
dzèrō	dzèrō	dzèrōnā	LM		v	to pick up a lot of small things. (e.g. seeds).
dzèrō	dzèrō		LM		n	hoof of large edible animals (antelopes). (cf. ǁqórē).
dzérú	dzérú	dzérwā	HH	[dzérú ~ dzírú]	v	to cover a dead body with leather.
dzérù	dzérù	dzērwā	HL	[dzérù ~ dzírù]	v	to glide.
dzéú	dzéú	dzéwā	HH	[dzéú ~ dzíú]	v	to pay attention to; to keep company with; to visit someone frequently; to pay compliments (not to leave someone alone but to talk to him/her); to show hospitality (e.g. to give water, etc.).
dzèū	dzèū		LM	[dzèū ~ dzìū]	n	an ill omen, a bad omen. dzèū sà ǁàē. 'to announce a bad omen.' dzèū sà ǃnàrē. 'to be affected by a bad omen.'
dzíì	dzíì	dzīyā; dzīā	HL		v	to tire; to make angry (by nagging). more used by Molapo-Gǁana speakers.
dzíì	dzíì		HL		n	propeller toy.
dzìī	dzìī	dzìyā; dzìā	LM		v	to lisp, to be unable to articulate properly; to speak falteringly with a speech impediment.
dzìī	dzìī	dzìyā; dzìā	LM		v	to be crazy, mentally abnormal. (synonym: ǂùyā-hā < ǂùī).
dzèēn	dzìĩ̄		LM		n	amniotic fluid.
dzénè	dzínì		HL		n	herd of wildebeest. (Gǁana: ǂóè).
dzénè	dzínì	dzēnyā	HL		v	to make a circle; to cut out in a circle.
dzénè	dzínì		HL		n	name used to call the sun (this word is used because of the shape of the sun).
dzènè	dzìnì		LL		n	helicopter toy consisting of a feather attached to a short stick with a weight. It is thrown into the air, and it spins when falling down. It is played by boys. (cf. ǁgábù, ǃhábù).
dzénē'ò	dzínī-ʔò		HML		n	the lachrymal gland of wildebeest (that looks like a wound under the eye and gives off a foul smell).
dzìrī	dzìrī	dzìryā	LM		v	(for a tooth) to wear down and not to be sharp; to have one's tooth worn down and to feel numb around the tooth.
dzóóbà	dzóó-bà		HHL		n	hare.
dzù'm̄dzù'm̀	dzṵ̀m̄-dzṵ̀m̀		LMLL	[dzùᵊˤm̄-dzùᵊˤm̀]	v	to shake the shoulder.
dzú'rē	dzṵ́rē	dzú'rēnā	HM	[dzúᵊˤlē]	v	to lack an expected dent.
dzù'rè	dzṵ̀rè	dzù'rē	LL	[dzùᵊˤlè]	v	to make a small puddle. (of water).
dzúādzùà	dzúā-dzùà		HMLL		v	to become mad and voilent. (synonyms: ǁgà'ō, dzùbā, ǂùī) (cf. pìrì).
dzùbā	dzùbā	dzùbānā	LM		v	to be insane (of man/animal). more used by Gǁana speakers.
dzùbū	dzùbū		LM		n	sp. bird. Burchell's starling, Lamprotornis australis.
ǃxūbī	ǃχūbī		MM		n	sp. bird. wattled starling; Creatophora cinerea.
dzòmà	dzùmà	dzòmā	LL		v	to smile.
gá'bā	ɡá̰bā		HM	[ɡáˤbā]	n	the daytime.
gá'bè	ɡá̰bè	gā'bē	HL	[ɡáˤbè]	v	to ripen (e.g. of kx'úm̄, qáàn, ǀnònē).
gàān	ɡàã̄		LM		n	duck. edible. redbilled teal (Anas erythrorhyncha)?
gábā	ɡábā	gábānā	HM	[ɡábā ~ ɡɛ́bā]	v	to walk bowlegged; to walk pigeon-toed; to be unable to walk from the pain in the foot.
gáò	ɡáò		HL		n	lump of resin. (usually that of ǂgà'rè Acacia erbescens Welw. ex Oliv.). (cf. kx'óàn, ǀgú'ān, ǃòò, ǃúrā, gúrú).
gébè	ɡébè	gēbē	HL		v	to grow long (of hair).
gènātē	ɡènā-tē		LMM		n	sp. bird. red-headed finch, Amadina erythrocephala; green-winged pytilia, Pytilia melba.
génáǁàmà	ɡéná-ǁàmà		HHLL		n	sp. beetle (a black, small and round beetle). (classified as ǁàmà).
gérà	ɡérà	gērā	HL	[ɡə́rà]	v	to become round (e.g. of a full moon). ǁnóē sì chū gérà (gērā-hā). 'The moon was full yesterday.'
gérò	ɡérò	gērō	HL	[ɡə́rò]	v	to be piled up.
gérò	ɡérò		HL	[ɡə́rò]	n	something piled up. (Gǁana: gárò).
gìbī	ɡìbī	gìbyā	LM	[ɡìbī ~ ɡèbī]	v	to turn around (of grilled piece of meat).
génè	ɡínì	gēnyā	HL		v	to roll. ǁàmà bì cì tsùū sà génè. 'A dung beetle is rolling a ball of dung.'
génè	ɡínì	gēnyā	HL		v	to push (a donkey).
góbō	ɡóbō		HM		n	protruding navel. (originally an normal navel in Molapo-Gǁana).
góè	ɡóè		HL		n	cow. (loan from Naro). (Gǁana: góbè).
górē	ɡórē		HM		n	the bark; large wooden spoon; spatula; woman's genitals; the labia.
gòrè	ɡòrè	gòrē	LL		v	to shed fur; to fall out (of hair of animals).
góró	ɡóró		HH		n	long, narrow vessel for water. (loan from Tswana via Naro?)
gòrò	ɡòrò		LL		n	chicken.
qgábā	ɢábā	qgábānā	HM		v	to put a little of something on the palm and to eat it.
qgóbè	ɢóbè	qgōbē	HL		v	(for a female yallowbilled hornbill) to become fat and thus to have its tail broken; for a woman after childbirth to shut herself up in the hut and to become fat.
qgúbà	ɢúbà		HL		n	yellow-billed hornbill. (Tockus flavirostris). (edible).
qgúm̀	ɢúm̀	qgōmā	HL	[ɢúᵊm̀]	v	to smile. (rare).
qgúm̀qgúm̀	ɢúm̀-ɢúm̀		HLHL	[ɢúᵊm̀-ɢúᵊm̀]	v	to be well-fleshed, well-padded (particularly in the upper arms and calves).
qgùrā	ɢùrā		LM		n	sp. bird, pied crow. (Corvus albus). more used by Gǁana speakers.
qgúrí	ɢúrí		HH		n	lizard.
qgóyánsì	ɢújã́-sì		HHL		v	to be fat. (usually men, but sometimes animals).
gú'm̀gú'm̀	ɡṵ́m̀-ɡṵ́m̀		HLHL	[ɡúᵊˤm̀-ɡúᵊˤm̀]	v (texture)	to have a texture of fatty meat of large game breast meat.
gù'nà	ɡṵ̀nà		LL	[ɡùᵊˤnà]	n	another name for ǁqāā-ǁqà, agama lizard (Agama sp.), mainly used by Gǁana speakers. (cf. qgúrí).
gù'rātē	ɡṵ̀rā-tē		LMM	[ɡùᵊˤlā-tē]	n	name of a waltz song for the musical instrument xáǹn-kòrè.
gù'rō	ɡṵ̀rō	gù'rōnā	LM	[ɡùᵊˤlō]	v	to go down (a slope), to descend (a slope).
gú'yánsì	ɡṵ́jã́-sì		HHL	[ɡúᵊˤjã́-sì]	v	to have a part of the body swollen.
gúbà	ɡúbà		HL		n	an ethnic gorup living around the Maun River.
gùī	ɡùī	gùyā	LM		v	to raise, to lift up; help. gùyā-céēxò 'to upright something fallen; to overbuy, to obtain too much.'
gúm̀	ɡúm̀	gōmā	HL	[ɡúᵊm̀]	v	to suck; to take snuff. more used by Gǁana speakers. (cf. qhúm̀).
gúm̄	ɡúm̄	gómā	HM	[ɡúᵊm̄]	v	to press (stimulate, point) a part of the body of a person lying on the ground. (e.g. of something on the ground, e.g. a stone). ǁnúá sì cíā gúm̄.
gòmā	ɡùmā		LM		n	large vertical hole on the ground digged by a porcupine, which is a junction of a number of horizontal tunnels and makes the tunnels bright.
gònē	ɡùnī	gònyā	LM		v	to look for (a game with a dog).
gúrú	ɡúrú		HH		n	resin (gum) of ǀgáà. simplified name of gúrú-xàm̀-kū-tsùū. (cf. kx'óàn, ǀgú'ān, ǃòò, ǃúrā, gáò).
gúrū	ɡúrū		HM		n	ankle joint.
gúū	ɡúū		HM		n	pit in a pan, which keeps a small amount of water cold.
gúū	ɡúū	gúwā; gúā	HM		v	to fail to catch, to miss prey, to let escape (a game); to lose target.
gùū	ɡùū		LM		n	sheep.
gúú'ō	ɡúú-ʔō		HHM		n	Abdim's stork (Ciconia abdimii).
gùūrē	ɡùū-rē		LMM		v	to watch out.
góōn'ò	ɡúũ̄-ʔò		HML		n	uselessness. often used in the idiom góōn-'ò wà háān. 'to be in uselessness, i.e. to be useless, be good-for-nothing.' góōn-'ò wà ts'áōn. 'to do insufficiently/improperly.' xò sà góōn-'ò wà ǃxóō-hā. 'to have a loose grip on something.' góōn-gòòn-sī
góōn'ò	ɡúũ̄-ʔò		HML		v	to be speechless, silent (because of fatigue, anger, etc.).
gōōngòòn	ɡūũ̄-ɡùũ̀		MMLL	[ɡūũ̄-ɡũ̀]	n	sp. wasp. (classified as ǀgèēn-nē).
há'é	há̰é		HH	[háˤé]	n	hole (usually in the ground).
hà'ē	hà̰ē	hà'rē	LM	[hàˤē]	v	not to give (ditransitive); to withhold/deny someone something, to deprive someone of something.
há'ì	há̰ì		HL	[háˤì]	interj	interj to drive a donkey to go ahead. dāōn-gū mà ǀnhúī yā há'ì cà méén. 'to drive a donky and say go ahead.'
há'mà	há̰mà		HL	[háˤmà]	n	noon. (synonym: q'ónè).
hà'nē	hà̰nī		LM	[hàˤnī]	interj	an interj to use when seeing someone bringing a nice thing.
háān	háã̄	hánā; hénā	HM		v	to be; to exist.
háànhāmā	háã̀-hāmā		HLMM		v	to shiver.
háànhāmā	háã̀-hāmā		HLMM		v	to tremble all over.
hábáhàbà	hábá-hàbà		HHLL		interj	vocable in a song of female initiation.
hábè	hábè	hābē	HL		v	to cook plants in a pit oven for a long time.
hābē	hābē	hābēnā	MM		v	to walk around (of person).
hábō	hábō	hábōnā	HM		v	to become empty of the stomach. hábō-hàbò
hábō	hábō	hábōnā	HM		v	be extremely hungry with nothing in the stomach.
hábūsì	hábū-sì		HML		v	to starve to death (of animals).
hábúsì	hábú-sì		HHL		v	to starve to death (of animal, human). variant of hábū-sì.
háè	háè		HL		interj	ah, wow. interjection of surprise.
hàrà	hàrà	hàrā	LL		v	to eat rotten meat. 'àbì ǀxáā sà hàrā-hā. 'He has eaten rotten meat (e.g. because there is no other food).'
hárà	hárà	hārā	HL		v	variant of hàrà.
hárē	hárē	hárēnā	HM		v	to jiggle (of belly fat). 'àm̀ kà kónē sì cì hárē. 'His belly fat jiggled.'
hárī	hárī	háryā	HM		v	to kill down a fat animal. khóè bì dyúú mà hárī. 'The man killed down a male eland.'
hàrī	hàrī		LM		n	pipe made of wood of ǃàrà Ochna pulchra.
hárú	hárú	hárwā	HH		v	to suffer from the heat of the sun, struggling.
háú	háú		HH		n	swing. háú mà qàè. 'Play with a swing.' háú m̀ kà ǀóán mà ǁnhá'ò. 'Put the boy on a swing and shake it.'
háwá	háwá	háwā	HH		v	to cause to starve to death (of person).
háyō	hájō	háyōnā	HM		v	to empty out things from a container. xò dzì háyō. 'to empty out things.' (synonym: ǂhéē-xō).
hèyàhèbā	hèjà-hèbā		LLLM		v	to flap (of bats).
hèyàhèbākx'ò	hèjà-hèbā-qχ'ò		LLLML		n	sp. cockroach. (classifed as cèè-cèbè).
héén	híĩ́	héyān	HH		v	to do (pro-verb); to exist (used with the adverb of place). kx'áí-kúrī 'àbì kx'ō 'áā-xò héén. (i.e. kx'áí-kúrī 'àbì kx'ō 'áā-xò háān). 'Long ago he was there.'
héèn	híĩ̀		HL		interj	Here you are. (Giving something); There. (Handing something to a child).
hèèn	hìĩ̀		LL		interj	used when getting over one's fatigue.
hèēn	hìĩ̄		LM		interj	Here you are. (Giving something); There. (Handing something to a child).
hēēn	hīĩ̄		MM	[hīĩ̄]	particle	marker of the immediate future tense (later on today).
hírá	hírá	hírā	HH		v	to hire. (loan from the Tswana hira).
hòbè	hòbè	hòbē	LL		v	to walk hastily; to walk fast (to walk with strong steps).
hóbō	hóbō	hóbōnā	HM		v	to put something in too much.
hórē	hórē	hórēnā	HM		v	to walk quickly, to hurry.
hóró	hóró	hórō	HH		v	to be deep.
hórò	hórò	hōrō	HL		v	to be hot (particularly in the late afternoon).
hōānhòàn	hūã̄-hùã̀		MMLL		v	to shove around grasses and bushes.
húbā	húbā	húbānā	HM		v	to walk hastily; to walk fast (to walk with strong steps).
hómá	húmá	hómā	HH		v	to become rich. (loan from the Tswana homa).
hómánè	húmá-nì		HHL		n	fetus, a baby in the womb. (cf. tàòn).
hónē	húnī	hónyā	HM		v	to mix; to knead (from within).
hún̄n	hún̄	hónā	HM	[huᵊn]	v	to make sexual intercourse.
húráhùrà	húrá-hùrà		HHLL		v	to look around.
húrī	húrī		HM		n	collarbone.
hūrī	hūrī	hūryā	MM		v	to suddenly appear and disappear, moving quickly.
húù	húù	hūwā; hūā	HL		v	to become hot (of the sun, fire).
húūhùù	húū-hùù		HMLL		v	to look up, to raise (the face).
hóón	húṹ		HH		particle	emphasis. Now I remember/know/understand. cèrè hóón ǀnēn 'ē ǀ'ūrū. 'I had forgot about it (I just remembered now).' (Gǁana: also ǁnhóón).
hōn	hũ̄		M		particle	emphasis. variant of húṹ. (Gǁana: also ǁnhūn).
ìī	ìī		LM		n	tree; stick. (cf. ǀ'à'm̀, ǁqàbā, ǃx'áí-ǃáó). ìī mà yíà. 'to play with a jump stick (female play).'
ìīkx'ò	ìī-qχʼò		LML		n	mortar. ìī-kx'ò ǁ'óàn 'pestle'.
èēn	ìĩ̄		LM		interj	interjection for complaint.
k'áè	kʼáè	k'āē	HL		v	to belch.
k'áèk'àrè	kʼáè-kʼàrè		HLLL		v	to coil (up) (transitive). k'áè-k'àrè-sī 'to coil onself (of snakes, dogs) (intransitive).' k'áè-k'àrè-sī ǂnòèn. 'to be sitting coiling onself.'
k'áì'ō	kʼáì-ʔō		HLM		v	to stretch (one's back) and stick out (the chest) a little (transitive). (synonym: ǃx'óēn).
k'áén	kʼáĩ́		HH		n	the liver.
k'ārāk'àrà	kʼārā-kʼàrà		MMLL		v	to make a striped pattern.
k'órē	kʼórē	k'órēnā	HM		v	to pull out something short (that is not buried deep) from the sand.
k'úbà	kʼúbà		HL		n	name of a song.
k'úbì	kʼúbì	k'ūbyā	HL		v	(e.g. boiling water; soup) to boil over.
k'úrā	kʼúrā	k'úrānā	HM		v	to tear off (usually with a hand). (e.g. to tear off the resin from a tree).
káá	káá		HH		n	self; one unlike others; the one who is in contrast to others. 'àrì 'óān-hā, 'àm̀ káá è ǁ'áé sì wà ǃāwā-hā. 'People have gone out for food gathering, while he stayed at home.'
kāākī	kāā-kī		MMM		adv	independently, by oneself, on one's own. kāā-kī ǁ'óó. 'to die alone.' (Gǁana: kâā-kī).
káànkààn	káã̀-kàã̀		HLLL	[káã̀-kã̀]	v	to rise (something). more used by Gǁana speakers; to help (someone). (cf. gùī).
kálà	kálà	kālā	HL		v	to weigh (the weight). (loan from the Tswana sekale)
kámá	kámá		HH	[kɛ́má]	n	the time; season. (cf. bàrā, ǁnàō, sáō, ǃhóó).
kámā	kámā		HM	[kɛ́mā]	n	bride wealth.
kámā	kámā	kámānā	HM	[kɛ́mā]	v	to pay bridewealth.
kámó	kámú	kámwā	HH		v	to comb the hair. (loan from the Tswana dikamô).
kánà	kánà		HL		conj	while, or. (loan from Tswana)
kàō	kàō	kàrō; kèrō	LM		v	to promise (to give something). 'àbì cíā ǃáò-xò sà kàō. 'He promised me a knife (ditransitive).'
kàrò	kàrò		LL	[kɛ̀rò]	n	resin applied to the bow of a musical instrument; glue, sealant (made by chewing a species of ant's eggs).
kébè	kébè	kēbē	HL		v	to fold and put (e.g. blankets). 'àbì ǁnàū dzì kébè.
kèè	kèè	kèē	LL		v	to pretend to be about to hit somebody. more used by Gǁana speakers.
kèèǂ'úbī	kèè-ǂʔúbī		LLHM		n	bean of a tree called pèn̄n. Used for a medicine.
kērānē	kērā-nī		MMM		n	water tap; faucet. (a loan word).
kérē	kérē	kérēnā	HM		v	to return; to go around.
khā	kʰā		M		particle	particle of emphasis. (following an adverb or postpositional phrase). 'àbì chū kāā-kī khā 'ēsà ts'áōn. 'He made it all by himself.'
khá'ìgū	kʰá̰ì-ɡū		HLM	[kʰáˤì-ɡū]	n	sp. of mushroom (white and sticky, inedible); edible bulbous plant?
khābā	kʰābā	khābānā	MM	[kʰābā ~ kʰɛ̄bā]	v	to fail to do, to be unable to do.
khābā	kʰābā		MM	[kʰābā ~ kʰɛ̄bā]	conj	so that (purpose). khābā dà tsā 'ēsà chéè. 'So that I should give it to you.'
kháḿ	kʰáḿ	khámā	HH		v	to soothe dangerous animals. 'ēsì páá-xò mà kháḿ. 'She soothed a dangerous animal.'
kháḿ	kʰáḿ	khámā	HH		v	to behave well (of female sitting gesture). used as the derived adverb kháḿ-sī, usually in the phrase kháḿ-sī ǂnóón. 'to sit in a good manner (of women).'
khàm̀	kʰàm̀	khàmā	LL		v	to hold in one's arms.
khāmā	kʰāmā		MM	[kʰāmā ~ kʰɛ̄mā]	conj	so that (purpose). khāmā dà tsā 'ēsà chéè. 'So that I should give it to you.' (variant of khābā).
khānō	kʰānū	khānwā	MM		v	to drink a lot of water and to feel satisfied, to be sated with enough water. (dzá'rì-sā).
kháó	kʰáó		HH		n	back of the thigh; the muscle on the back of the thigh; back half; the latter part.
kháó	kʰáó		HH		adv	later.
khàrì	kʰàrì		LL		n	liquor. (loan from Tswana)
khèē	kʰèē		LM	[kʰɛ̀ē]	interj	interjection for a surprise. khèē-kōnā tsī cì 'ēsà 'áā chēnā tséé-kàxō. 'Oh you are using it that way, i.e. that is the way you are using it!'
khérà	kʰérà	khērā	HL		v	to spread; to lay out. (loan from Naro).
khóbè	kʰóbè	khōbē	HL		v	to dig and pull out something large that is buried (e.g. a root, a stump). khóbè-sī 'to emerge from underground (of a large animal, e.g. aardvark)'.
khóè	kʰóè		HL		n	person, people, human.
khóò	kʰóò	khōō	HL		v	to pick up. (cf. ǁáērī.)
khóō	kʰóō		HM		n	skin, hide, leather.
khùà	kʰùà		LL		conj	(reason) for, … that's why. cèrè tà'ū khùà (cèrè cúá ǃóòn). 'I am tired, that's why (I don't go).'
khùà	kʰùà		LL		pp	(simile marker). like ... 'àm̀ khùà 'īī/ǁām̄. 'àm̀ khùà hánā-hā/héén.;
khùà	kʰùà		LL		conj	(preceded by a verb or clause) slightly, nearly, a kind of. 'ēsì qárē khùà ǁām̄. 'It tastes slightly sweet.' 'ēsì (ǀx'áré-sī) c'óèn khùà 'īī. 'She looks a bit beautiful.' 'àm̀ xà dzòmā-hā khùà 'àbì 'īī. 'He looks as if he might smile.'
khūā	kʰūā	khūrā	MM		v	to praise.
khóán	kʰúã́	khóān	HH		v	to break (e.g. a tree/bone) (transitive) .
khōān	kʰūã̄	khōnā	MM		v	(intransitive) to be broken. ǀ'éē bì kāā-kī khōnā-hā. 'The tree was broken of itself.'
khùbā	kʰùbā		LM		n	medicine for the k'úbà song treatment.
khúbū	kʰúbū		HM		n	sweat.
khúbū	kʰúbū	khúbwā	HM		v	to perspire; to sweat.
khúì	kʰúì	khūyā	HL		v	to stab the earth with a digging-stick and turn up the surface.
khòēn	kʰùĩ̄		LM		n	kidney.
khùm̀	kʰùm̀	khòmā	LL	[kʰùᵊm̀]	v	to fill (stuff) one's mouth with (dry food). (cf. ǃnhúī, ǁqgómà, ǁgú'm̄).
khómá	kʰúmá		HH		n	early in the morning.
khómá	kʰúmá	khómā	HH		v	to do something early in the morning; it is early in the morning.
khōnā	kʰūnā		MM		conj	as, like. 'àm̀ ts'áōn khōnā cèrè 'ēsà ts'áōn. 'I make it like he does.'
khōnā	kʰūnā		MM		postposition	like. 'àm̀ khōnā cèrè 'ēsà ts'áōn. 'I make it like him.' ǀnèn sì ǁgàē-kò sì cī ǁgàē sì khōnā c'óèn. 'This woman is beautiful like my wife.' 'ēsì súú-kùrì sì khōnā qárē. 'It is sweet like sugar.'
khònè	kʰùnì	khònyā	LL		v	to cool down the body with slightly wet and cool sand.
khónō	kʰúnū	khónwā	HM		v	to be brownish. (loan from Tswana: khunou, khunnwana).
khúrā	kʰúrā	khúrānā	HM		v	to untie something tied or fastened; to unravel.
khúrī	kʰúrī	khúryā	HM		v	to end (intransitive).
khúúrò	kʰúú-rò		HHL		n	sp. watermelon (with white seeds) (a cultivated variety).
khúùts'ī	kʰúù-tsʼī		HLM		n	wild truffle.
kì	kì		L		particle	marker of the immediate past tense (hodiernal past, earlier on today).
kī	kī		M		particle	marker which indicates what the speaker has just remembered or re-recognized. tsá-m̄ chū 'áā sì ǃqáón kī sà ǁnàē. 'Did you talk about that trick (which I just recognized)? i.e. Did you (in fact) talk about this trick?'
kíī	kíī	kíyā; kíā	HM		v	to choose a fat game. more used by Gǁana speakers. (cf. c'ūm̄).
kénē	kínī	kényā	HM		v	to look for, to search for; to need, to want.
kòbè	kòbè	kòbē	LL		v	to break the tail bone of a big bird (e.g. Kori). (synonym: ǁqhúà).
kóé	kóé	kóē	HH		v	to ruch; to go in a hurry; to hurry: to hasten to be in time.
kōē	kōē	kōrē	MM		v	to be shy, introverted, reserved. (loan from the Naro?).
kòèkòrè	kòè-kòrè		LLLL		v	to hurry off. xám̄ mà kòèkòrè-nā ǂxáā 'Chase the lion away.'
kólè	kólè		HL		n	school.
kóò	kóò	kōō	HL		v	to be as many as. (cf. déē 'to be as much as').
kóō	kóō	kórō	HM		v	to hide something; to hide oneself. (rare).
kōō	kōō	kōrō	MM		v	to warn agaist doing something. more used by Gǁana speakers. (synonym: ǃgáè).
kōōkā	kōō-kā		MMM		adv	still; yet.
kūsōrō	kū-sōrō		MMM	[kū-sʊ̄rō]	adv	meanwhile not...
kūǀò	-kū-ǀò		ML		suffix	variant of kū-ǀù. (NB: juncture form is -kū-ǀōrō-, e.g. ǃk'ánā-kū-ǀōrō-hā)
kūǀhò	-kū-ǀʰò		ML		suffix	variant of kū-ǀù. (NB: juncture form is -kū-ǀōrō-, e.g. ǃk'ánā-kū-ǀōrō-hā)
kūǀhùn	-kū-ǀʰũ̀		ML		suffix	variant of kū-ǀù. (NB: juncture form is -kū-ǀōrō-, e.g. ǃk'ánā-kū-ǀōrō-hā)
kūǀù	-kū-ǀù		ML		suffix	suffixed to action verbs (in the juncture form) with semantic effect of quick and repetitive action. ǂ'ēē-kū-ǀù 'to cut (meat) repeatedly into small pieces', ǁx'ámā-kū-ǀù 'to smash into small pieces', xāō-kū-ǀù 'cut (with a blade) into small pieces', ǃk'ánā-kū-ǀù 'to cut into small pieces', tsxáē-kū-ǀù 'to turn back quckly and repeatedly', yīā-kū-ǀù 'to step quckly and repeatedly'.
kù'bè	kṵ̀bè	kù'bē	LL	[kùᵊˤbè]	v	to aggravate one's illness (transitive).
kú'rè	kṵ́rè		HL	[kúᵊˤlè]	n	sp. edible plant. The bulb is cooked in the earth oven.
kú'rèkx'ūā	kṵ́rè-qχʼūā		HLMM	[kúᵊˤlè-qχʼūā]	n	sp. bird. golden-breasted bunting, Emberiza flaviventris.
kúā	kúā		HM		n	hunter-gatherer.
kúā	kúā	kúrā	HM		v	to be a Kalahari hunter-gatherer, to have the background of hunter-gatherer.
kùà	kùà	kùā	LL		v	to be coming here. (irregular verb). kùà-nā 'to be coming temporarily.' (cf. cèèn-nā, ǂnòèn-nā, ǁòèn-nā.)
kùākùrà	kùā-kùrà		LMLL		v	to open a (drawstring) bag.
kóānkóān	kúã̄-kúã̄		HMHM		v	to be silent and deserted. 'ē xò sì kóān-kóān. 'This place is quiet.' (variant of kóōn-kóōn).
kúbí	kúbí		HH		n	glass, cup. (loan from Naro). (Gǁana: kóópì)
kúbū	kúbū	kúbwā	HM		v	to soften (as a finish touch); to beat dried meat hard and soften it.
kúḿ	kúḿ	kómā	HH	[kúᵊḿ]	v	to percept non-visually: to hear/listen, to taste, to smell, to feel; to try; to follow; to understand. (cf. ǁām̄, móòn, 'īī).
kúm̀	kúm̀	kōmā	HL	[kúᵊm̀]	v	to wither in the part of a plant above the ground, i.e. stems, stalks, leaves. ǁnà'n̄n dzì kōmā-hā tsamma. 'melon has withered.' ǁnà'n̄n dzì kà ǁ'óàn dzì kōmā-hā tsamma. 'Melon vines have withered.'
kùm̀	kùm̀		LL	[kùᵊm̀]	n	hole (button hole, a hole in a tree, etc.).
kúm̄kùm̀sī	kúm̄-kùm̀-sī		HMLLM	[kúᵊm̄-kùᵊm̀-sī]	v	to be arrogant, to boast, to get exclusively to oneself. (kúḿ 'listen to' > kúm̄-kùm̀ 'make somebody listen to, i.e. obey').
kòmà	kùmà	kòmā	LL		v	to soften a thick and hard leather by pounding it.
kōmā	kūmā		MM		particle	hear-say, reportedly, (typically denotes the hear-day evidentiality, but is also used widely for other inferential evidentialities). 'àbì kōmā kx'ūyā-hā. 'He is said to live.' kōmā cì ǂ'án̄n. '(idiom) attempt repeatedly; by trial and error.' (Gǁana: kòmà).
kóné	kúní		HH		n	car. (loan from Naro).
kónē	kúnī		HM		n	the fat around the stomach (of human and ostrich).
kònō	kùnū		LM		n	sp. inedible yellowish mushroom, used for kindling. The rainbow makes it with a fart. (loan from the Tswana).
kúrà	kúrà		HL		n	strength. (synonym: dá'm̀). kúrà-xà 'strong'.
kūrābā	kūrā-bā		MMM		n	cobra.
kúrī	kúrī		HM		n	year; the new season of harvest.
kùrì	kùrì		LL		n	pollen.
kùrū	kùrū	kùrwā	LM		v	to be hot; to be angry. (synonym: ǁxúà).
ǁqùrù	ǁqùrù		LL		n	heat. ǁqùrù sì wà ǃūwān-céé yā tà'ū. 'Walk around in heat and get tired.' ǁqùrù sà ǁx'āā yā àà. 'lit. bathe in heat and come, i.e. come when it is hot.'
kúū	kúū	kúwā; kúā	HM		v	to wake up; to wake up someone by saying càn̄n 'wake up'.
kùùkā	kùù-kā		LLM		n	milk bag made of wildebeest skin, in which to keep goat milk for a while for fermentation.
kóōnkóōn	kúũ̄-kúũ̄		HMHM		v	to be silent and deserted. 'ē xò sì kóān-kóān. 'It is quieted and deserted.' (variant of kóān-kóān).
kx'áà	qχʼáà	kx'āā	HL		v	to drink.
kx'ábā	qχʼábā		HM		n	gourd.
kx'áē	qχʼáē	kx'árē	HM		v	(person/animal) to cry. k'áè-k'àrè-sī 'to cry with anger against'. 'àmà kx'áē-ǀxàè. 'to cry with anger against him.'
kx'áí	qχʼáí	kx'áyā	HH		v	to be front. k'áè-k'àrè-sī 'lit. front-place, i.e. face, lid'.
kx'áí	qχʼáí	kx'áyā	HH		v	to be far. 'áā sì ǃnóón sì kx'áí. 'That land is far.' cúú bì kx'áí kà háān. 'The rain is far.'
kx'áí	qχʼáí	kx'áyā	HH		v	to be far in time. used in the idiomatic phrase kx'áí yà. 'already'. 'àbì kì kx'áí yà ǀxáā sà kx'óō. 'He already ate meat.'
kx'áēn	qχʼáĩ̄		HM		n	lappetfaced vulture, Torgos tracheliotus.
kx'áēn	qχʼáĩ̄		HM		n	whitebacked vulture, Gyps africanus.
kx'áēn	qχʼáĩ̄	kx'áyān	HM		v	to become close with (someone); to be over-familiar. (either positive or negative).
kx'āēn	qχʼāĩ̄	kx'āyān	MM		v	to laugh. kx'āyān-ǀx'óōn 'to laugh at someone to death (exaggeration)'.
kx'áēnǃnū	qχʼáĩ̄-ŋǃū		HMM	[qχʼáĩ̄-ŋǃũ̄]	n	place name.
kx'áḿ	qχʼáḿ		HH		n	mouth; blade; the beginning.
kx'áḿ	qχʼáḿ		HH		n	the way, the manner. used as a nominalizer.
kx'áḿ	qχʼáḿ	kx'ámā	HH		v	to hit. (rare).
kx'ām̄	qχʼām̄		MM		adv	just (emphasis).
kx'áḿǀnà	qχʼáḿ-ŋǀà		HHL		n	the first stomach.
kx'áḿǁgú'bíts'ī	qχʼáḿ-ɡǁṵ́bí-tsʼī		HHHHM	[qχʼáḿ-ɡǁúᵊˤbí-tsʼī]	n	upper cheek.
kx'àǹn	qχʼàǹ		LL		adv	just (because). (discourse marker to emphasize the reason).
kx'ánè	qχʼánì		HL		n	sp. termite (Hodotermes mossambicus). (edible. large-size. flies with wings).
kx'ānō	qχʼānū	kx'ānwā	MM		v	(clothes) to suit (someone); (food) to be one's taste. be suitable to. to be lucky. 'āān-xò sì cíā kx'ānō. 'The dress suits me.' ǃ'ūm̄-ǀ'è dzì cíā kx'ānō. 'I am lucky with good edible roots (Cucumis kalahariensis).'
kx'áó	qχʼáó		HH		n	an arrow; arrowhead.
kx'áò	qχʼáò	kx'āō	HL		v	to be male (whether person or animal).
kx'áòǂ'àm̀	qχʼáò-ǂʔàm̀		HLLL		v	to be careful, cautious. (cf. ǁgàē-ǂ'àm̀.)
ǁgàēǂ'àm̀	ɡǁàē-ǂʔàm̀		LMLL		v	to be careless. (cf. kx'áò-ǂ'àm̀.)
kx'áòbè	qχʼáò-bè		HLL		v	to bear the heat (bending) (gesture of males).
kx'áòbè	qχʼáò-bè		HLL		n	sp. tree of which the root is used for medicine. (classifed as ìī).
kx'āōkx'àò	qχʼāō-qχʼàò		MMLL		v	to give up searching and return.
kx'árà	qχʼárà	kx'ārā	HL		v	to scrape hairs off from a central part of a steenbok fur in order to make a traditional skirt.
kx'árā	qχʼárā		HM		n	impala, a game animal (larger than springbok). (possibly loan from Naro)
kx'árè	qχʼárè	kx'ārē	HL		v	to scrape round its trunk in cutting a big tree.
kx'árō	qχʼárō		HM		n	deep and large hole (e.g. of aardvark/porcupine).
kx'ārū	qχʼārū		MM		n	sp. tree, Albizia anthelmintica. (classifed as ìī).
kx'áū	qχʼáū	kx'áwā	HM		v (taste)	to be bitter; to be astringent; to be extremely salty.
kx'āwā	qχʼāwā		MM		particle	marker of the remote future tense.
kx'ò	qχʼò		L		suffix	person skillful in doing something. yíà-kx'ò 'good dancer'.
kx'ō	qχʼō		M		particle	marker of the remote past tense.
kx'óè	qχʼóè	kx'ōē	HL		v	to cut the edge with an edged tool; to carve (e.g. tattoo).
kx'óē	qχʼóē		HM		particle	(variant of kx'ō). marker of the remote past tense.
kx'óò	qχʼóò		HL		n	one's character, disposition, personality (often used with bad implication) (also used for animals).
kx'óō	qχʼóō	kx'órō	HM		v	to eat meat.
kx'órē	qχʼórē	kx'órēnā	HM		v	to defecate a large lump of feces little by little. (rare).
kx'ūā	qχʼūā	kx'ūrā	MM		v	to be raw, to be uncooked.
kx'ūākx'àì	qχʼūā-qχʼàì		MMLL		n	things unknown, things which can not have been eaten yet, an unmarried woman.
kx'óán	qχʼúã́	kx'óān	HH		v	to wait.
kx'óàn	qχʼúã̀	kx'ōān	HL		v	to be piled up on the tree surface (of exuded resin). (cf. ǀgú'ān, ǃòò, ǃúrā, gúrú, gáò).
kx'úī	qχʼúī	kx'úyā	HM		v	to speak.
kx'óèn	qχʼúĩ̀	kx'ōyān	HL		v	to live; to come back to life; to survive; to be perfect.
kx'ōēn	qχʼūĩ̄	kx'ōyān	MM		v	to be alive; to be perfect.
kx'úm̄	qχʼúm̄		HM	[qχʼúᵊm̄]	n	Brandybush (velvet raisin, wild raisin) (Grewia flava DC.). kx'úm̄-ǁàmà
kx'úm̄	qχʼúm̄		HM	[qχʼúᵊm̄]	n	sp. beetle/bug, which eats Grewia flava. (classified as ǁàmà). (classifed as ìī).
kx'ōnē	qχʼūnī		MM		n	louse.
kx'ún̄n'ò	qχʼún̄-ʔò		HML	[qχʼúᵊn̄-ʔò]	n	the lower part of the body; men's crotch. more used by Molapo-Gǁana speakers. (synonym: ǁnòrē-'ò).
kx'ónò	qχʼúnù	kx'ōnwā	HL		v	to clear away; to repair, to fix; to make something in order. (loan from Naro). (cf. ǁháù.)
kx'ūrā	qχʼūrā	kx'ūrānā	MM		v	to be raw (not cooked thoroughly, though boiled).
kx'úrí	qχʼúrí	kx'úryā	HH		v	to kill a big animal (in a close place).
kx'úrí	qχʼúrí	kx'úryā	HH		v	to excrete, to defecate a large excrement.
kx'ūrū	qχʼūrū	kx'ūrwā	MM		v	to be/look old, timeworn, weathered (e.g. hide, hut).
kx'ūū	qχʼūū		MM		n	the waist; one's hip.
kx'óón	qχʼúṹ	kx'ówān; kx'óān	HH		v	to run after a game animal to the camp. 'àbì kx'óōxò mà kx'óón.
kx'óònsà	qχʼúũ̀-sà		HLL		n	bead.
mān	mā		M	[mã̄]	interrog	is it ...? (sentence-final).
má'n̄n	má̰n̄	má'nā	HM	[máˤn̄]	v	to speak Tswana or Kalahari.
máán	máã́		HH		n	address term for grandmother/cross-aunt (parental opposite sex sibling). (cf. cīāǁū).
máàn	máã̀	māān	HL		v	to give (ditransitive).
máān	máã̄		HM		interrog	how, which, what. (sentence-initial).
màān	màã̄		LM		n	the head; tip of something that is larger than its body.
máí	máí		HH		n	maize. (loan from Naro).
màrī	màrī		LM		n	money. (loan from Setswana).
mènā	mènā		LM		interj	on earth, to one's surprise. used to emphasize an exclamation.
mìīsòrò	mìī-sòrò		LMLL	[mìī-sòrò ~ mə̀ī-sòrò]	v	to carry a baby on one's back. used by the mythical hero-trickstar, píí-sì-ǀūāgū. (cf. ǀqgám̀-tsī-gònà).
méén	míĩ́	méyān	HH		v	to say (intransitive).
ménèpò	mínì-pò		HLL		n	honorific name for bee.
ḿm̀	ḿm̀	mm̄mā	HL		v	(variant of móòn).
m̀m̀	m̀m̀	mm̀mā	LL		v	to smell (good/bad). ìī-xò sì cì m̀m̀. 'What is that smell?' bá'ān sì xò sì cì m̀m̀. 'Something spicy smells (I smell something spicy).' (variant of mòòn)
m̄m̄	m̄m̄	mm̄mā	MM		v	(variant of mōōn).
m̀m̄ǀ'èn	m̀m̄-ǀʔĩ̀		LML	[m̀m̄-ǀʔĩ̀]	v	(variant of mòōn-ǀ'ìn).
móòn	múũ̀	mōwān; mōān	HL		v	to see.
mòòn	mùũ̀	mòwān; mòān	LL		v	to smell (good/bad). ìīxò sì cì mòòn. 'What is that smell?'
mōōn	mūũ̄	mōwān; mōān	MM		v	to appear.
mòōnǀ'èn	mùũ̄-ǀʔĩ̀		LML	[mùũ̄-ǀʔĩ̀]	v	to smell. cèrè nǀi sì ǀxaa sa mòōn-ǀ'è(/-ǀ'ìn).
ná'ḿ	ná̰ḿ	ná'mā	HH	[náˤḿ]	v	to smooth fur, grass on the ground, etc. with one's hand.
nàwān	nàwã̄		LM		n	bean. (Tswana)
nè	nì		L	[nĩ̀]	conj	and, so that…, clause connective (irrealis). often used in sentences describing the development of a situation that requires attention or action. 'ē cì ǁgàm̄ 'à-mà ǁhóé sà ǁx'áà nè dà ǂ'óón-xò dzì ǀnúá. 'He need to wash the pot so that I will cook food.'
óè	óè	ōē	HL	[ʊ́è]	v	to take something out. ǁhóē sà óè. 'Take out a pot (from a cooking fire).' xò sà óè. 'Take something out (from the sand in which the thing was buried).'　óè-sī. 'to emerge suddenly (of a large object).'
òē	òē		LM	[ʊ̀ē]	adv	all
òē	òē		LM	[ʊ̀ē]	adv	also
òē	òē		LM	[ʊ̀ē]	interj	joking and solidarity marker between females.
òō	òō	òrō	LM	[ʊ̀ō]	v	(for the rain) to make clouds; to make many clouds (the rain as subject).
òō	òō		LM	[ʊ̀ō]	n	sibling. òō-sì 'the sibling of someone other than speaker'.
òō	òō	òrō	LM	[ʊ̀ō]	v	to be a sibling to (someone). 'àbì 'ēsà òrō-hā. 'She is a sibling to him.'
ōōkhúrī	ōō-kʰúrī		MMHM	[ōō-kʰúrī ~ ʊ̄ō-kʰúrī]	v	to play.
ōrē	ōrē	ōrēnā	MM	[ʊ̄rē]	v	to visit one person (family) frequently, to visit one place/person too often (potentially bad behavior).
pá'bā	pá̰bā	pá'bānā	HM	[páˤbā]	v	to put down (a large leather water container).
pá'énpá'én	pá̰ĩ́-pá̰ĩ́		HHHH	[páˤĩ́-páˤĩ́]	interj	vocable for a girl song.
páá	páá	páā	HH		v	to bite.
pám̀	pám̀	pāmā	HL		v	to suck water through a hose. (
pàm̀	pàm̀	pàmā	LL		v	to push with a thumb in order to check (e.g. a melon).
pàmà	pàmà		LL		n	sp. tick (large size). (Gǁana: pòmà)
páná	páná	pánā	HH		v	to tie donkey's forelegs with leather rope.
páré	páré		HH		n	flour; fried dumpling. (loan from Naro). (Gǁana: péré)
páú	páú		HH		n	seed (for planting). (loan from Tswana)
páwá	páwá	páwā	HH		v	to be useless (of person).
péé	péé	péē	HH		v	to frighten and chase away (cause to fly away).
pēē	pēē	pērē	MM		v	to fly.
péēxō	péē-χō		HMM		v	(alcoholic drinks) to make someone drunk and noisy (speak loudly). (< péé 'frighten, chase away').
pèn̄n	pèn̄		LM		n	sp. tree of which the beans (kèè-ǂ'úbī) are used to make medicine called ǀx'úrī. (classifed as ìī).
phá'bā	pʰá̰bā	phá'bānā	HM	[pʰáˤbā]	v	to put a large amount of slimy fluid (substance), e.g. phlegm, amniotic fluid, etc., onto the sand surface. 'àbì húmánè sà phá'bā. húmánè sì phá'bā-sì (xúḿ sì ǀxàè).
phà'ē	pʰà̰ē		LM	[pʰàˤē]	n	large tobacco pipe made of metal tube.
pháā	pʰáā	phárā; phérā	HM		v	to breathe out, exhale. 'àbì ts'énè sà phárā-hā. 'He exhaled smoke.'
phàbà	pʰàbà		LL		n	seeds which are immature or badly-grown.
phéēn	pʰíĩ̄	phéyān	HM		v	to raise up the tail (of 'the bird' ǀgìnà-nē), to raise the back of the skirt (of woman, for joy). ǀgìnà-nē sì tsáó sà phéēn. 'A Kalahari robin raised up the tail.' ǁgàē-kò sì ǃúū sà phéēn. 'A woman raised up the back of the skirt.'
phénè	pʰínì	phēnyā	HL		v	to open one's eyes wide with the eyelids up.
phóō	pʰóō	phórō	HM		v	(of wind) to become strong.
phúū	pʰúū	phúwā; phúā	HM		v	to whirl up extensively (dust, swarm of butterflys, etc.), to stir up extensively (of dust, swarm of butterflys).
ǃ'ūm̄ǀ'èn	ǃʔūm̄-ǀʔĩ̀		MML	[ǃʔūᵊm̄-ǀʔĩ̀]	n	plant with edible roots, Cucumis kalahariensis A. Meeuse. (classified as ǃánà). (Gǁana: 'ûm̄-ǀ'ìn).
píì	píì		HL		n	breast; mammary gland.
pìīsìbórò	pìī-sì-bórò		LMLHL		n	sp. mantis. (classified as ǂēmē).
pìīsàbórò	pìī-sà-bórò		LMLHL		n	sp. mantis. variant of pìī-sì-bórò (classified as ǂēmē).
pìīsìǀūāgū	pìī-sì-ǀūā-ɡū		LMLMMM		n	mythical hero (trickstar), creator, God. (etymology: pìī ideoph. of a fart).
péēn	píĩ̄		HM		n	sp. plant (unidentified), the grass from which a part of the arrow (short, straw-like part) is made. (classified as ǀgáān).
péēn	píĩ̄		HM		n	straw.
pírí	pírí		HH		n	goat. (Gǁana: púrí). (loan from Setswana).
pírídzérá	pírí-dzérá		HHHH		n	sp. bird. western cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis.
pìrì	pìrì		LL		n	idiot. (cf. dzùbā, dzúā-dzùà, ǂùī, ǁgà'ō).
pìrīpìrì	pìrī-pìrì		LMLL		v	to be foolish.
ǃx'áā	ǃqχʼáā	ǃx'árā; ǃx'érā	HM		v	to dry something. (e.g. still moist berry of Grewia flava DC.; still wet laundry). (loan from Naro).
póō	póō	pórō	HM		v	to smell bad (of bird's nest).
pòō	pòō		LM		n	an uncastrated (large) bull.
pūūsì	pūū-sì		MML		v	to lie down (of a large thing). pūū-sī
pūūsì	pūū-sì		MML		adv	lengthwise (in the lying manner of a large thing). pūū-sī ǁòèn 'to lie lengthwise.'
pòyànpòyàn	pùjã̀-pùjã̀		LLLL		v	(an ostrich) to run.
ǃx'áān	ǃqχʼáã̄	ǃx'ánā; ǃx'énā	HM		v	to pound in a mortar for a long time.
q'áēn	qʼáĩ̄	q'áyān	HM		v	to pick up the edge of something (e.g. a cloth) and to look underneath for something.
q'ám̄	qʼám̄		HM		n	hot sand.
q'árè	qʼárè	q'ārē	HL		v	to scrape round the root bark of Acacia luederitzii before stamping out the hardwood from a bark of the root to make a quiver. (cf. ǃk'árè).
q'árì	qʼárì	q'āryā	HL		v	not to give, not to share with; ill-treat. (cf. hà'ē).
q'árì	qʼárì	q'āryā	HL		v	to subtly nudge and signal without being noticed. (rare).
q'ārī	qʼārī	q'āryā	MM		v (taste)	to lack in taste (e.g. in sweetness/sourness/saltiness), tasteless, bland.
q'órò	qʼórò		HL		n	sp. small beetle (Bostrychidae). (classified as ǁàmà).
q'órò	qʼórò	q'ōrō	HL		v	to make a hole in a tree (of insects). (rare).
q'ónè	qʼúnì		HL		n	the noon.
q'ónè	qʼúnì	q'ōnyā	HL		v	to be at noon.
q'úrì	qʼúrì	q'ūryā	HL		v	to kill a fat eland or gemsbok. (rare).
q'úrìǁàmà	q'úrì-ǁàmà		HLLL		n	click beetle. (classified as ǁàmà).
qáà	qáà		HL		n	sp. wild melon, gemsbok cucumber (Acanthosicyos naudiniana (Sond) Jeffrey). variant of qáàn more used by Gǁana speakers.
qāā	qāā	qārā; qērā	MM		v	to open (like a leghold trap).
qáàn	qáã̀		HL		n	sp. wild melon, gemsbok cucumber (Acanthosicyos naudiniana (Sond) Jeffrey).
qábā	qábā	qábānā	HM		v	to be new.
qábāsī	qábā-sī		HMM		adv	newly; afresh; for the first time.
qábè	qábè	qābē	HL		v	to cover the pit oven with a hot sand (to cook).
qábē	qábē	qábēnā	HM		v	to glitter. ǃánō-ǀùà dzì cì qábē (ǁqábē) (xúḿ sì wà). 'Small metals (in the sand) is glittering.'
qàbè	qàbè		LL		n	the duodenum. qàbè-ǃám̄ 'the beginning part of the small intestine'.
qābūqàbù	qābū-qàbù		MMLL		v	to make awawawa vocalizations by tapping the mouth with a palm in order to chase a dangerous animal away.
qàè	qàè	qàē	LL		v	to to play with, toy with, tease, joke with. qàè-ǀxàè (cf. ōō-khúrī).
qàēqàè	qàē-qàè		LMLL		v	to shade eyes with hands (from the dazzling sun).
qāēnqánè	qāĩ̄-qánì		MMHL	[qāⁱqánì]	v	to be transparent, reflective (like a mirror).
qàm̀	qàm̀		LL		n	blackness, black luster, black sheen. only attested in the phrase qàm̀ khùà 'īī. to look like a black luster/sheen.
qàm̄	qàm̄		LM		n	gallbladder.
qàm̄	qàm̄		LM		n	name of tree (with yellow flower, with yellow-green juice). (classifed as ìī).
qáńn	qáń	qánā	HH		v	to bury.
qánàbè	qánà-bè		HLL		n	front thigh.
qànò	qànù		LL		n	story, fiction. qànò sà qhán̄n (or ǁnàē). 'Tell a story.'
qànò	qànù	qànwā	LL		v	to be a fiction.
qárē	qárē	qárēnā	HM		v (taste)	to be sweet.
qàrū	qàrū	qàrwā	LM		v	for the tender greenery to come out (initial phase) (plants as subject).
qàù	qàù	qàwā	LL		v	to melt. (e.g. fat/hail).
qáūcùè	qáū-cùè		HMLL		n	place name.
qáōn	qáũ̄	qáwān	HM		v	to be quiet, silent. qáōn-sī 'quietly, silently.'
qháà	qʰáà	qhāā	HL		v	to open (the mouth-like part of a spring trap).
qhàā	qʰàā	qhàrā; qhèrā	LM		v	to fail to do; to be unsuccessful in something; to be mistaken; to be wrong.
qhábá	qʰábá		HH		n	illness of resentment; illness of the living ghost. (someone's stress exerting a mysterious, bad influence on other people). loan from Tswana kgaba. cī ǂáó qhábá kà, 'àbì cì tsàā. 'When my heart is ill, he becomes sick.'
qhábā	qʰábā		HM		n	variant of qhábá. illness of resentment; illness of the living ghost. (someone's stress exerting a mysterious, bad influence on other people). loan from Tswana kgaba. cī ǂáó qhábá kà, 'àbì cì tsàā. 'When my heart is ill, he becomes sick.'
qháè	qʰáè	qhāē	HL		v	to smell bad; to smell rotten. (e.g. of rotten meat, donky, feces).
qháī	qʰáī	qháyā	HM		v	to be silent; to be still.
qhánā	qʰánā		HM		n	salt.
qhànà	qʰànà		LL		n	marijuana.
qhán̄n	qʰán̄	qhánā	HM		v	to speak; to talk. loan from Tswana kganng.
qhán̄n	qʰán̄		HM		n	story; narrative. loan from Tswana kganng.
qhárá	qʰárá	qhárā	HH		v	to spit the berry of Boscia albitrunca (Burch). Gilg & Ben. that is once put in the mouth and mixed with sliva into a vessel.
qhárā	qʰárā	qhárānā	HM		v	to spit out (generic) (e.g. phlegm, bad food).
qhàrī	qʰàrī		LM		n	Kalahari people.
qhárō	qʰárō	qhárōnā	HM		v	to be too thin, small, little for a container/clothes. (cf. ǃnān̄n).
qháū	qʰáū	qháwā	HM		v (taste)	to be salty; to be sour; to be with a plenty of body; to be with a taste/flavor.
qhāyān	qʰājã̄	qhāyānnā	MM		v	(of cold and solid fat) to become warm and start to melt.
qhóbó	qʰóbó	qhóbō	HH		v	to be quiet, calm, docile (e.g. a donkey). loan from Tswana kgobo.
qhòbò	qʰòbò		LL		n	mallet with an iron blade in the end; spade for farming.
qhòō	qʰòō	qhòrō	LM		v	to smell of rotten skin/meat.
qhórē	qʰórē	qhórēnā	HM		v	to cut off the leg and foot from the joint. qórē-'ò 'joint.'
qhòrō	qʰòrō		LM		n	opening, path.
qhúà	qʰúà		HL		n	white man, Westerner. obsolete, rarely used by Molapo-Gǁana speakers.
qhùbū	qʰùbū	qhùbwā	LM		v	to spin, to turn.
qhúīqhúī	qʰúī-qʰúī		HMHM		v	(the fat of meat) be whitish (good).
qhúm̀	qʰúm̀	qhōmā	HL	[qʰúᵊm̀]	v	to take snuff (powdered tobacco); to suck (e.g. water through a straw, blood from a cut as a treatment).
qhúm̀ts'ī	qʰúm̀-tsʼī		HLM	[qʰúᵊm̀-tsʼī]	v	to tighten buttocks (with surprise when running away).
qhónò	qʰúnù		HL		n	sparks.
qhúú	qʰúú	qhúwā; qhúā	HH		v	to be a scar of a blistered/festering wound.
ǃx'āē	ǃqχʼāē	ǃx'ārē	MM		v	not to have something; to lack in something. (transitive). (Gǁana: kx'âē).
qóè	qóè	qōē	HL		v	to be quiet; to stay still, without wandering around.
qòèqòbē	qòè-qòbē		LLLM		v	(a lion) to run.
qóōqórō	qóō-qórō		HMHM		v	to become a chrysalis.
qóōqòròsī	qóō-qòrò-sī		HMLLM		v	to fall intensively (of leaves). dá'nà dzì cì qóō-qòrò-sī. 'Plenty leaves are falling.'
qórò	qórò		HL		n	place name.
ǃx'áí	ǃqχʼáí		HH		n	root.
qūiqūrī	qūi-qūrī		MMM		v	to rinse one's mouth. khóè bì cì tsháā sà qūī-qūrī. 'The man is gargling with water.'
qómànè	qúmà-nì		HLL		n	child animal.
qònè	qùnì		LL		n	group of Tswana people.
qūn̄n	qūn̄	qōnā	MM	[qūᵊn̄]	v	to move; to move aorund; to sway; to be shaky; to be still alive.
qúrá	qúrá	qúrā	HH		v	to peel of the skin with hands; to peel off the skin. (e.g. onion, orange).
qúrú	qúrú	qúrwā	HH		v	to flip up (skirt).
qóōn	qúũ̄	qówān; qóān	HM		v	to remove a flat thing from the surface (e.g. bark of a tree).
ǃx'áì	ǃqχʼáì	ǃx'āyā	HL		v	to scrape and tan. khóō sà ǃx'áì-'ō. 'to scrape and soften the leather.'
sá'énkā	sá̰ĩ́-kā		HHM	[sáˤĩ́-kā]	n	tinplate. (loan from Tswana?).
sà'ēnyàkā	sà̰ĩ̄-jà-kā		LMLM	[sàˤĩ̄-jà-kā]	n	place name.
sà'mē	sà̰mī		LM	[sàˤmī]	n	whip.
sá'nō	sá̰nū		HM	[sáˤnū]	n	cirrocumulus clouds.
sáá	sáá	sáā	HH		v	to take off (an arrow); to fail to do something.
sáākù	sáā-kù		HML		adv	in a far place, there, thither (away from the speaker or deictic center) (andative). (cf. àà-kù).
sáān	sáã̄	sánā; sénā	HM		v	to rest; to recover; to be in good spirits; (food) to get cold.
sálè	sálè		HL		n	saddle. (loan word)
sáḿ	sáḿ		HH		n	milk.
sām̄	sām̄	sāmā	MM		v	to be harmless; to save.
sáó	sáó	sáō	HH		v	to amuse an infant using his/her favorite words, like in the manner of peek-a-boo.
sáō	sáō		HM		n	one of the four seasons, which is dry and cold. the winter (April-August). (cf. kámá, ǁnàō, bàrā, ǃhóó).
sāō	sāō		MM		n	your father.
sáòn	sáũ̀	sāwān	HL		v	to carry something on both shoulders (men's way of carrying things).
séé	séé		HH		n	soap.
séè	séè	sēē	HL		v	to take; to get; to receive.
sēēxō	sēē-χō		MMM		v	to throw away. (< séè 'take').
sémā	sémā	sémānā	HM		v	to share.
sémā	sémā	sémānā	HM		v	to make (things).
sēmā (khā)	sēmā (-kʰā)		MMM		adv	almost, closely, nearly.
sērē	sērē	sērēnā	MM		v	to mimic (in gesture or speech), feign.
sérō	sérō	sérōnā	HM		v	to get out of order, to cause trouble, to do something unpleasant. ǂ'áán sì ǀnēn sérō. 'The wind became unexpectedly strong.' séró-sèrò 'to confuse, to make messy (causative reduplication)'. séró-sèrò-sī 'to mess up purposely, to behave pretentiously'. (synonym: ts'áōn-ts'àòn-sī).
séū	séū	séwā	HM	[séū ~ síū]	v	to signal the hunting dog towards the prey by snapping fingers, saying sá'à 'go on'. 'àbì cì 'ābā dzì séū. 'He is setting dogs (on an animal).'
séū	séū	séwā	HM	[séū ~ síū]	v	to weave (e.g. sieve, under-knee-bracelet that is worn out of giraffe tail hair). (cf. ǀqgámā).
séūsì	séū-sì		HML	[séū-sī ~ síū-sī]	v	to sit cross-legged. séū-sī
séūsì	séū-sì		HML	[séū-sī ~ síū-sī]	adv	in a cross-legged position. séū-sī ǂnòèn. 'to sit in a cross-legged position.'
síí	síí	síyā; síā	HH		v	to go, to arrive; to reach. (cf. àà).
síì	síì	sīyā; sīā	HL		v	to fart.
séén	síĩ́	séyān	HH		v (taste)	to smell like blood; to smell like iron. ǀ'áò sì séén. 'Blood smells like iron.'
sémésèmè	símí-sìmì		HHLL		n	sp. ant. (classifed as ǂúḿ-ǂùm̀). (cf. séén).
sīrī	sīrī		MM		n	(your) mother (the mother of the one being spoken to). (Gǁana: sîī).
sóò	sóò	sōō	HL		v	to cut; to shave; to carve.
sóō	sóō		HM		n	lung.
sóóè (sa)	sóó-è (sa)		HHL		n	cigarette.
sóórì	sóó-rì		HHL		n	medicine from Bauhinia petersiana.
sóré	sóré		HH	[sʊ́ré]	n	Cape fox (Vulpes chama).
sórè	sórè		HL	[sʊ́rè]	n	tobacco. (loan from Naro).
sórò	sórò		HL	[sʊ́rò]	n	sp. lizard. (large).
sú'ā	sṵ́ā	sú'rā	HM	[súˤā]	v (taste)	to taste refreshing, minty; spicy, with a tang.
sú'án	sṵ́ã́	sú'ān	HH	[súˤã́]	v	to strip the animal's skin off all at once smoothly. khóō sà 'àbì cì sú'án. 'He is stripping off a skin smoothly.'
sú'bī	sṵ́bī	sú'byā	HM	[súᵊˤbī]	v	to peel off a skin from the neck in a single motion.
sú'īsú'ī	sṵ́ī-sṵ́ī		HMHM	[súᵊˤī-súᵊˤī]	v	to be thin with the stomach swollen.
sú'ènnè	sṵ́ĩ̀-nì		HLL	[súˤĩ̀-nì]	n	pipe.
sū'mē	sṵ̄mī	sū'myā	MM	[sūᵊˤmī]	v	to slurp.
sú'né	sṵ́ní	sú'nyā	HH	[súᵊˤní]	v	to cut open (the abdomen). dzérá-ǀnà-sú'ní
sú'né	sṵ́ní		HH	[súᵊˤní]	n	young boy of hunting age for small birds, i.e. 10 to15 years old.
súbū	súbū	súbwā	HM		v	to be light.
súbū	súbū	súbwā	HM		v	to be easy.
súì	súì	sūyā	HL		v	to swell (transitive). ǀáḿ sì kx'óō-xò mà súì. 'The sun swells the body of a dead animal.' (loan from Naro)
súḿ	súḿ	sómā	HH	[súᵊḿ]	v	to set the edges (e.g. of skin) in a sraight line and sew them together. khóō sà súḿ. 'to hemstich a leather.' súḿ-kx'àm̀
súḿ	súḿ	sómā	HH	[súᵊḿ]	v	to hemstich.
súm̀	súm̀		HL	[súᵊm̀]	n	shadow.
súm̀	súm̀		HL	[súᵊm̀]	n	the smell of a pregnant woman (which affects people and causes illness).
sómó	súmú		HH		n	the meat for the elders, typically pluck (the young eat after the elders).
súū	súū		HM		n	pot. (loan from Naro).
sōōn	sūũ̄		MM		adv	soon, immediately.
sōōnsòòn cà	sūũ̄-sùũ̀ cà		MMLLL	[sūũ̄-sũ̀ cà]	adv	frequently. (rarely used variant of sōōnsòòn cà.)
sóònsòòn cà	súũ̀-sùũ̀ cà		HLLLL	[súũ̀-sũ̀ cà]	adv	frequently.
ǃx'ám̀	ǃqχʼám̀	ǃx'āmā	HL		v	to kill a lot of games.
t'áá	tʼáá	t'áā	HH		v	to make a beautiful thing (e.g. a spoon) (rare).
tá'àn	tá̰ã̀		HL	[táˤã̀]	n	sp. tree (Rhigozum brevispinosum O. Kuntze). (classifed as ìī).
tá'bè	tá̰bè	tā'bē	HL	[táˤbè]	v	to lay and spread a soft and big thing, e.g. ǀnūbī.
tà'ī	tà̰ī	tà'yā	LM	[tàˤī]	v	to put vertically a bag with a lot of things inside. dyùbē sà tà'ī. dyùbē sà tà'yā-céēxò. 'Put the bag in a vertical position.'
tá'rí	tá̰rí		HH	[táˤrí]	n	heap of things. ǂ'óón-xò sì ǀx'óè yā tá'rí mà ts'áōn. 'Foods heaped up, lit. foods became plenty and formed a heap.'
tà'ū	tà̰ū	tà'wā	LM	[tàˤū]	v	to be exhausted; to be disgusted; to be tired of; to be sick and tired of. tà'ū-kàxō 'to assail'.
tà'ūtà'ū	tà̰ū-tà̰ū		LMLM	[tàˤū-tàˤū]	v	to be troublesome.
tá'yà	tá̰jà	tā'yā	HL	[táˤjà]	v	to become pleased to get..., to be happy to get ...
tàbò	tàbò		LL		n	duiker rug. (loan from Tswana ).
tám̄máná	tám̄-máná		HMHH		n	sp. mite. (cf. ǂgérè).
táǹn	táǹ		HL		n	pliers. (loan from the Setswana tanng).
táù	táù		HL		n	chain. (loan from Tswana).
tàòn	tàũ̀		LL		n	fetus, a baby in the womb. (cf. hómá-nè).
téè	téè		HL		n	tea. (loan word). (variant: téèn)
thá'rì	tʰá̰rì	thā'ryā	HL	[tʰáˤrì]	v	to be blunt (of blades), not sharp, dull. (antonym: ts'éè).
thàbī	tʰàbī		LM		n	side stitches, sudden sharp pain in the side of the body. (loan from the Tswana setlhabi/ditlhabi). (cf. ǁqháū).
thù'nà	tʰṵ̀nà	thù'nā	LL	[tʰùᵊˤnà]	v	(variant of tù'nà). to pull and stretch something elastic.
thúí	tʰúí		HH		n	sp. bird. (variant of chúí).
ǃx'ām̄	ǃqχʼām̄	ǃx'āmā	MM		v	to treat someone by streatching his/her body. (loan from Naro).
tíbísì	tíbí-sì		HHL		v	to fall down heavily. 'àbì cì tíbí-sì. 'He (a tall person or animal) is about to fall down heavily.'
tíbísì	tíbí-sì		HHL		adv	heavily (lying) (of a long or tall thing). ǃnābē bì tíbí-sī ǁòèn. 'A giraffe lies heavily.'
tíì	tíì		HL		n	tea. (loan word). (variant: téèn)
témē	tímī	témyā	HM		v	to go mad. (loan from Naro?). (cf. ǂùī).
tòō	tòō		LM		n	tin can. (loan from German via Naro).
ts'áà	tsʼáà		HL		n	the testicles.
ts'áā	tsʼáā	ts'árā; ts'érā	HM		v	to squeeze out, wring out (e.g. a fruit).
ts'áákx'àrì	tsʼáá-qχʼàrì		HHLL		n	the gap between the upper front teeth. (synonym: tshìī-kx'àrì).
ts'áàn	tsʼáã̀	ts'āān	HL		v	to steal, to cheat, to do something in secret, to run away in secret.
ts'áàn	tsʼáã̀		HL		n	the testicles. variant of ts'áà, more used by Gǁana speakers.
ts'āānkx'ārī	tsʼāã̄-qχʼārī		MMMM		v	to hide onself from. 'àbì páá-xò mà ts'āān-kx'ārī. 'He hid from a dangerous animal.' (synonym: ǃnáò-kx'ī-sì).
ts'ám̄tsháā	tsʼám̄-tsʰáā		HMHM		v	to run as if it was flowing (e.g. a horse).
ts'ám̄tsháā	tsʼám̄-tsʰáā		HMHM		v	to be new and clean. ǁnàū sì ts'ám̄-tsháā dyì. 'The blanket is new and clean.'
ts'áō	tsʼáō	ts'árō; ts'érō	HM		v	to draw milk out (of human, caw, goat). khóè sì sáḿ sà ts'áō. 'The woman squeezed the milk out.'
ts'áōn	tsʼáũ̄	ts'áwān	HM		v	to make; to do.
ts'éé	tsʼéé	ts'éē	HH		v	to rain. loan from Naro, commonly used by Molapo-Gǁana speakers.
ts'éè	tsʼéè	ts'ēē	HL		v	to be sharp. (antonym: thá'rì).
ts'érē	ts'érē		HM		n	flea.
ts'ērē	tsʼērē	ts'ērēnā	MM		v	to string a bow; to tune a thumb piano, i.e. lamelaphone; to start an engine using the iginition.
ts'ēū	tsʼēū	ts'ēwā	MM	[tsʼēū ~ tsʼīū]	v	to frown, to scowl, to grimace (e.g. in meeting an unpleasant person). used in the phrase ts'ēū à kx'áí. 'lit. to grimace in the face.'
ts'íbī	tsʼíbī	ts'íbyā	HM		v	to rain for a short while; to drizzle (whether for a long or short time).
ts'íì	tsʼíì	ts'īyā; ts'īā	HL		v	to limp.
ts'íī	tsʼíī		HM		n	the buttocks.
ts'énè	tsʼínì		HL		n	smoke.
ts'énè	tsʼínì	ts'ēnyā	HL		v	to emit smoke; (men/animals) to disappear like smoke. ts'énè-xà 'angry (-χà proprietive)'.
ts'írí	tsʼírí	ts'íryā	HH		v	to extinguish (fire) (transitive); to stop water (i.e. to turn the tap off).
ts'īrī	tsʼīrī	ts'īryā	MM		v	(fire) to be extinguished; (water) to stop; (man) to become so weak as to die. (intransitive).
ts'íyā	tsʼíjā	ts'íyānā	HM		v	to smell like dog's urine.
ts'óō	tsʼóō	ts'órō	HM		v	to make a noise; to make a humming/rumbling sound.
ts'óró	tsʼóró	ts'órō	HH		v	to rot.
ts'úbà	tsʼúbà		HL		n	the crumb of chiselled dried leather. (Supposed to cause hemorrhoids for young children when eaten). (Sometimes boiled and eaten).
ts'úm̀	tsʼúm̀	ts'ōmā	HL	[tsʼúᵊm̀]	v	to apply (e.g. color/oil/soap/poison). (cf. ǀxāā, ǀùm̀, ǂùā).
ts'úm̄	tsʼúm̄		HM		n	bill, beak; the lips; the upper area of the upper lip.
ts'úm̀ts'ūm	tsʼúm̀-tsʼūm		HLM		v	to close eyes.
ts'úrù	tsʼúrù	ts'ūrwā	HL		v	to be itchy; to feel itchy.
ts'úù	tsʼúù		HL		n	the mons veneris.
tsá'àn	tsá̰ã̀	tsā'ān	HL	[tsáˤã̀]	v	to mark territory (of carnivores). to scratch the sandy ground repeatedly , after urination or evacuation or in sexual excitement, for the purpose of marking.
tsá'bé	tsá̰bé		HH	[tsáˤbé]	n	plenty of fresh grass (where it grows).
tsá'bí	tsá̰bí	tsá'byā	HH	[tsáˤbí]	v	to scoop up sand or water and pour it.
tsā'bī	tsā̰bī	tsā'byā	MM	[tsāˤbī]	v	to splash (because something has fallen into the liquid).
tsá'bítsà'bì	tsá̰bí-tsà̰bì		HHLL	[tsáˤbí-tsàˤbì]	v	to wave a finger (to highlight the discovery of a trace).
tsá'rá	tsá̰rá	tsá'rā	HH	[tsaˤla]	v	to tear up, rip up (transitive).
tsā'rā	tsā̰rā	tsā'rānā	MM	[tsaˤla]	v	to tear (intransitive).
tsá'rāxō	tsá̰rā-χō		HMM	[tsáˤrā-χō]	v	to tear off. (< tsá'rá 'tear up').
tsàā	tsàā	tsàrā; tsèrā	LM		v	to become sick with.
tsāā	tsāā	tsārā; tsērā	MM		v	to disappear, to die.
tsāākx'àì	tsāā-qχʼàì		MMLL	[tsāā-qχʼᵊì]	v	to ignore. loan from Naro. (synonym góōngūn-sī)
tsáán	tsáã́	tsáān	HH		v	to suffer from, to panic, to feel pain.
tsáàn	tsáã̀	tsāān	HL		v	to blaze, to scorch (of the sun). ǀáḿ sì cì tsáàn. 'The sun is scorching.'
tsààn	tsàã̀	tsàān	LL		v	to boil (of water).
tsāān	tsāã̄	tsānā; tsēnā	MM		v	to warm oneself by the fire. (cf. ǁgáān).ǀ'éē sà tsāān. 'to warm the body at the fire.'
tsāān	tsāã̄		MM		n	meat broth.
tsáḿ	tsáḿ	tsámā	HH		v	to creep, to sneak up, to stalk. kx'óō-xò mà tsáḿ. 'to creep up to a game animal.'
tsám̀	tsám̀	tsāmā	HL		v	to sip (hot liquid, e.g. tea).
tsám̄bā	tsám̄-bā		HMM		n	small-spotted genet, common genet. (Genetta genetta).
tsáó	tsáó		HH		n	tail.
tsáó	tsáó	tsáō	HH		v	to request, to beg, to ask for.
tsàōn	tsàũ̄		LM		n	cord made from the surface of the root of ǀgáà.
ǃx'ám̀ǁqànè	ǃqχʼám̀-ǁqànì		HLLL		n	name of tree with hooked thorns. (classifed as ìī).
tsèbū	tsèbū	tsèbwā	LM	[tsèbū ~ tsìbū]	v	to snatch away.
tséé	tséé	tséē	HH		v	to work. tséē-tsèè-kū (causative reduplicationn + reciprocal). 'lit. cause to work each other, i.e. to communicate with each other.'
tséé	tséé		HH		n	work.
tséè	tséè		HL		interj	wow; lucky you. often used for admiration, appreciation.
tsēē	tsēē	tsērē	MM		v	to be right, correct.
tsélá	tsélá		HH		n	cloth. (loan from the Tswana letsela/matsela).
tsémá	tsémá	tsémā	HH		v	(for senior people) to eat pluck (meat) before the younger.
tsérū	tsérū	tsérwā	HM	[tsérū ~ tsírū]	v	to be funny.
tséú	tséú	tséwā	HH	[tséú ~ tsíú]	v	to gain weight. to become fat.
tsèù	tsèù		LL	[tsèù ~ tsìù]	n	water pit. well.
ǃx'áǹn	ǃqχʼáǹ		HL		n	place where the grass and trees, once burnt down, are growing again. (cf. tú'ā).
tsháā	tsʰáā		HM		n	water.
tshàā	tsʰàā	tshàrā; tshèrā	LM		v (taste)	to taste bad with a smell of a wildebeest.
tsháā'òǀgèēnnē	tsʰáā-ʔò-ɡǀìĩ̄-nī		HMLLMM		n	stink bug. (classified as ǀgèēn-nē).
tsháāǂēmē	tsʰáā-ǂīmī		HMMM		n	sp. grasshopper. (classified as ǂēmē).
tsháán	tsʰáã́		HH		n	yellow medicine used in the gemsbok dance.
tshàn̄n	tsʰàn̄	tshànā	LM		v	to solidify the base of a log which is buried in the ground. (synonym: ǀhùn̄n).
tsháō	tsʰáō	tshárō; tshérō	HM		v	to dig. to burrow. hà'ē sà tsháō. 'Dig a hole.'
tsháō	tsʰáō	tshárō; tshérō	HM		v	to make a new cloud; to thunder.
tshéná	tsʰéná		HH		n	the case of a bullet cartridge.
tshèrērè	tsʰèrē-rè		LML		n	sp. beetle. (classified as ǁàmà).
tshèrērè	tsʰèrē-rè		LML		n	sp. stink bug. (classified as ǁàmà).
tshèrērè	tsʰèrē-rè		LML		n	sp. tick.
tshéū	tsʰéū		HM	[tsʰéū ~ tsʰíū]	n	hand; finger.
tshīī	tsʰīī	tshīyā; tshīā	MM		v	to tire; to be faultfinding; to say something offensive; to make someone angry by saying things that are not wanted. synonym of ǁxáè.
tshìīkx'àrì	tsʰìī-qχʼàrì		LMLL		n	gap between the upper front teeth; sp. beetle which looks like the upper front teeth with a gap inbetween.
tshéēn	tsʰíĩ̄		HM		n	sneeze.
tshéēn	tsʰíĩ̄	tshéyān	HM		v	to sneeze.
tshènē	tsʰìnī		LM		n	proper name of a Gǀui woman.
tshìrì	tsʰìrì		LL		n	name of tree (used as medicine). (classified as ìī).
tshīrī	tsʰīrī	tshīryā	MM		v	to boil and disappear (of water, gravy, fat).
tshóbē	tsʰóbē	tshóbēnā	HM		v	to fail to hold (to drop); to fail to get hold of something.
tshóō	tsʰóō	tshórō	HM		v	to lack honey (of honey comb), fat, moist.
tshóō	tsʰóō		HM		n	honey comb which honey is removed from.
tshòō	tsʰòō	tshòrō	LM		v	synonym of qhòō? (uncommon).
tshū'ò	tsʰū-ʔò		ML		interj	ouchǃ (for heat).
tshūtshurì	tsʰū-tsʰurì		ML		v	to be smooth.
tshúà	tsʰúà	tshūā	HL		v	to grind (tobacco/leaves).
tshùà	tsʰùà	tshùā	LL		v	to make a cut on the ear of a goat for its identification.
tshùātshùà	tsʰùā-tsʰùà		LMLL		v	to begin.
tshómà	tsʰúmà	tshōmā	HL		v	(of a non-Khoisan person) to understand/speak a Khoisan language.
tshónē	tsʰúnī	tshónyā	HM		v	to snuff tobacco.
tshònè	tsʰùnì		LL		n	baboon.
tshún̄n	tsʰún̄	tshónā	HM	[tsʰúᵊn̄]	v	to weed the grass; to pluck hair. (e.g. to pluck the hair of a kid , i.e. a young goat).
tshúútshùsī	tsʰúú-tsʰù-sī		HHLM		v	to thrash about with arms and legs painful and burned.
ǃx'áná	ǃqχʼáná		HH		n	root of grass, bulb of herb.
tsíbī	tsíbī	tsíbyā	HM		v	to sharpen, to make a tip (point).
tsíī	tsíī		HM		pronoun	your (m.sg.).
tsìī	tsìī	tsìyā; tsìā	LM		v	to startle, to frighten. tsìī-sì 'to be frightened'.
tsìīgū	tsìī-ɡū		LMM		interj	vocable used in a song.
tsìīrō	tsìī-rō		LMM		v	to frighten someone by bringing a disgusting thing close to him/her.
tsénēnē	tsínī-nī		HMM		n	honorific name for the sun (the heat of the sun).
tsénēsì	tsínī-sì		HML		v	to squirt out, spout (e.g. diarrhea).
ǃx'ánà	ǃqχʼánà	ǃx'ānā	HL		v	to bleat (baa). (of parent large mammals to call and vocalize to summon their young animals).
tsōtsōbō	tsō-tsōbō		MMM		v	to have a long face like a horse.
tsóò	tsóò		HL		n	medicine.
tsōō	tsōō	tsōrō	MM		v	to treat/heal …. (ditransitive).
tsórō	tsórō		HM		n	husk; shell; external shell of of the tortoise, exoskeleton.
tsórō	tsórō	tsórōnā	HM		v	to be empty inside.
tsòōtsòrò	tsòō-tsòrò		LMLL		v	to peel the thin skin of an edible rootwith a piece of wood.
tsòrō	tsòrō	tsòrōnā	LM		v	to kill a lot of animals (e.g. birds).
ǃx'ānē	ǃqχʼānī	ǃx'ānyā	MM		v	to crush with one's thumb and forfinger (e.g. a biting ant), to pinch with one's fingers.
tsù'm̄	tsṵ̀m̄		LM	[tsùᵊˤm̄]	n	(generic term) a plant with leaves/stems/bulbs that can be eaten uncooked.
tsú'mè	tsṵ́mì	tsū'myā	HL	[tsúᵊˤmì]	v	to be luxuriant with fresh green (plant as subject). (cf. qàrū.)
tsóēn	tsúĩ̄		HM		n	sp. bird, scaly-feathered finch (Sporopipes squamifrons).
tsónà	tsúnà		HL		n	wood with hollows inside; fragile wood that has a hollow inside, a lot of holes on the surface.
tsúrí	tsúrí	tsúryā	HH		v	to bite and scrape up the meat from a bone.
tsùū	tsùū		LM		n	feces, shit, dung.
tsùū	tsùū	tsùwā; tsùā	LM		v	to shit; to defecate. (cf. tsx'ábè).
tsùūǀnà	tsùū-ŋǀà		LML		v	to be constipated (of a weanling).
tsòòn	tsùũ̀		LL		n	the lid of hornbill's nest.
tsòòn	tsùũ̀	tsòwān; tsòān	LL		v	(hornbill) to make a lid for the nest (with sand and fatsia) (to make the opening narrower). qgóbà sì cì tsòòn. 'The hornbill is making a lid of the nest.'
tsòòn	tsùũ̀	tsòwān; tsòān	LL		v	to be gone and not return, to lose touch with. (in reference to the similarity with the behavior of hornbill).
tsòōn	tsùũ̄	tsòwān; tsòān	LM		v	to smooth the surface of a rope as a finishing touch, by scrubbing it with grass. ǃgúī mà tsòōn. 'to smooth a rope by scrubbing with grass.' (cf. cúú bì tsháā sà tsùwān-xō. 'The rain fills water (in a water pit)').
tsùwānxō	tsùwã̄-χō		LMM		v	to fill to the brim with water, making the smooth surface. (< tsòōn 'smooth the surface').
ǃx'ānē	ǃqχʼānī	ǃx'ānyā	MM		v	to tune up a thumb piano. (cf. ts'ērē).
ǃx'áó	ǃqχʼáó		HH		n	neck (whole neck, both back/front).
tsx'ábè	tsqχʼábè	tsx'ābē	HL		v	to defecate unconsciously. (cf. tsùū).
tsx'áè	tsqχʼáè	tsx'āē	HL		v	to tie tightly.
tsx'áè	tsqχʼáè	tsx'āē	HL		v	to keep waiting for a long time.
tsx'āē	tsqχʼāē	tsx'ārē	MM		v	to be blue, green. tsx'ārē-kx'āī 'eccessively blue/green'.
tsx'áètsx'ābē	tsqχʼáè-tsqχʼābē		HLMM		v	to blink.
tsx'āēǀgèēnnē	tsqχʼāē-ɡǀìĩ̄-nī		MMLMM		n	sp. wasp. (classified as ǀgèēn-nē).
tsx'āēǁàmà	tsqχ'āē-ǁàmà		MMLL		n	sp. beetle. jewel beetle, buprestid. (classified as ǁàmà).
tsx'áī	tsqχʼáī	tsx'áyā	HM		v	to squint (because of the dazzling sunlight).
tsx'árī	tsqχʼárī	tsx'áryā	HM		v	to squeeze (e.g. a piece of skin or cloth, a festering wound) (transitive); to walk on the soft wet sand (intransitive). tsx'árí-tsx'àrì-sī 'to laugh a lot (as if tear is squeezed)'.
tsx'úm̄	tsqχʼúm̄	tsx'ómā	HM	[tsqχʼúᵊm̄]	v	to feel too bloated; to feel tired from eating too much; to be exhausted from eating too much. (cf. dzá'rì-sā, ǁx'áàn).
tsxáàn	tsχáã̀	tsxāān	HL		v	to hate.
tsxábé	tsχábé	tsxábē	HH		v	to put small amount of tobacco leaves into a pipe.
tsxābū	tsχābū	tsxābwā	MM		v	to distress someone; to make someone almost angry.
tsxáé	tsχáé	tsxáē	HH		v	to turn round; to look back. (Used in an imperative, meaning Look this way, Listen).
tsxáī	tsχáī	tsxáyā	HM		v	to gut and to bake the skin (mainly the hair); to burn and attach (the root of a spearhead) to a wooden stick; to burn an iron stick and stab it into a tree.
tsxáítsxàrì	tsχáí-tsχàrì		HHLL		v	to chase and catch a game.
tsxáìtsxārī	tsχáì-tsχārī		HLMM		v	to make a noise (when meat is fried).
tsxáná	tsχáná		HH		n	line made by water (found in pans).
tsxánà	tsχánà	tsxānā	HL		v	to trickle (by drawing a line) (of water, tear, blood).
tsxánē	tsχánī	tsxányā	HM		v	to cut the joints to get the leg meat.
tsxánēkx'áḿ(sì)	tsχánī-qχʼáḿ(-sì)		HMHHL		v	to let someone drink water by scooping it up with one's hand and making it flow along one's thumb into his/her mouth.
tsxārā	tsχārā	tsxārānā	MM		v	to hurry; to be busy; to do something in a haste.
tsxárí	tsχárí	tsxáryā	HH		v	to scrape fat off of the inner side of game skin with a knife after skinning it.
tsxárì	tsχárì	tsxāryā	HL		v	to shell peas, to hull peas.
tsxóò	tsχóò	tsxōō	HL		v	to keep liquid in one's mouth for mouth-to-mouth feeding/mouth-to-container transfering; to suck blood (part of a treatment).
tsxóō	tsχóō	tsxórō	HM		v	to stab and kill game. (to stab a vital spot and stab it repeatedly in order to finish it off). (loan from Naro).
tsxōrē	tsχōrē	tsxōrēnā	MM		v	to come out onto a road; to come upon a road.
tsxúà	tsχúà	tsxūā	HL		v	to pull off (the skin).
tsxúḿ	tsχúḿ	tsxómā	HH		v	to insert quickly. (e.g. into the sand/fire).
tsxúm̀	tsχúm̀	tsxōmā	HL	[tsχúᵊm̀]	v	to rub off leaves by hand.
tsxūm̄	tsχūm̄	tsxōmā	MM	[tsχūᵊm̄]	v	to suck milk directly from a goat's udder (of humans).
tsxúm̀tsxùm̀	tsχúm̀-tsχùm̀		HLLL	[tsχúᵊm̀-tsχùᵊm̀]	v	to run after with vigor.
tsxónè	tsχúnì	tsxōnyā	HL		v	to move keeping one's sitting pose by dragging the buttocks.
tsxónē	tsχúnī	tsxónyā	HM		v	to stick something into a gap; to stick something to the grass.
tsxúù	tsχúù	tsxūwā; tsxūā	HL		v	to pull one item out of a bundle; to pull out a thin tree (out of intertwined trees); to take a small piece out of dried meat.
ǃx'árà	ǃqχʼárà	ǃx'ārā	HL		v	to leave a long scar on the surface; to start cutting apart (of a game); to leave a scratch.
tú'ān	tṵ́ã̄		HM	[túˤã̄]	n	place with new buds after a bush fire.
tú'ān	tṵ́ã̄		HM	[túˤã̄]	n	burned-out area with no grass regrowth after a bush fire. (cf. ǃx'áǹn).
tù'àn	tṵ̀ã̀		LL	[tùˤã̀]	n	soft and white part inside the seed (of a melon).
tù'àn	tṵ̀ã̀		LL	[tùˤã̀]	n	fine powder.
tú'bā	tṵ́bā	tú'bānā	HM	[túˤbā]	v	to become thin (of a baby). 'àbì tú'bā-na-ha.
tù'bē	tṵ̀bē		LM	[tùᵊˤbē]	n	root (expanding thin roots) (usually referring to the root of Cucumis kalahariensis A. Meeuse).
tú'bí	tṵ́bí		HH	[túˤbí]	n	thin smoke.
tù'bī	tṵ̀bī	tù'byā	LM	[tùˤbī]	v	(variant of cù'bī). to injure an eye (of a twig). ìī sì ǂxáí sà tù'bī. 'The tree (twig) injured the eye.'
tù'bī	tṵ̀bī	tù'byā	LM	[tùˤbī]	v	to go into the eye (of smoke). ts'énè sì cì 'àm̀ ǂxáí tù'bī. 'The smoke is getting in his eyes.'
tū'ī	tṵ̄ī	tū'yā	MM	[tūˤī]	v	to increase, to become plenty.
tù'īsī	tṵ̀ī-sī		LMM	[tùᵊˤī-sī]	n	love potion.
tú'ēn	tṵ́ĩ̄	tú'yān	HM	[túˤĩ̄]	v	to clean (e.g. by washing, by sweeping with a broom).
tú'mè	tṵ́mì		HL	[túˤmì]	n	new buds of trees after a bush fire.
tù'nà	tṵ̀nà	tù'nā	LL	[tùˤnà]	v	to pull and stretch a rubber-like thing.
tú'nó	tṵ́nú	tú'nwā	HH	[túˤnú]	v	to make a long thing, e.g. a rope. ǃáò m̀ ǃgúī mà tú'nú.
tú'ó	tṵ́ó		HH	[túˤó]	n	heap (e.g. of served food, meat).
tù'ò	tṵ̀ò	tù'ō	LL	[tùˤò]	v	to point at (someone's face). 'àmà tù'ò, 'àmà tù'ò-kx'ī. 'to point at his face.'
tú'ù	tṵ́ù		HL	[túˤù]	n	welt.
tómó	túmú		HH		n	bridle. (loan from the Tswana ditômô).
ǃx'áràǃx'àrà	ǃqχʼárà-ǃqχʼàrà		HLLL		v	to be miserable or embarrassed from not being given something that one does not have.
ǃx'áū	ǃqχʼáū		HM		n	the muscle on the back of the thigh.
tx'ábà	tqχʼábà	tx'ābā	HL		v	to catch (with claws), to grab with claws.
tx'áèsī	tqχʼáè-sī		HLM		v	to be torn; to be torn and the contents to come out (filled up and burst open).
tx'ám̄	tqχʼám̄		HM		n	sp. small termite (unidentified) (Termites that coat wood with sand to build their nests).
tx'ónē	tqχʼúnī	tx'ónyā	HM		v	to squeeze out, push out. 'àbì cì chúī sà tx'ónē. 'He is squeezing out pus from a wound.'
tx'úrà	tqχʼúrà	tx'ūrā	HL		v	to cover a nest (burrow) with sand as a lid (aardvark, springhare, mouse).
tx'úū	tqχʼúū	tx'úwā; tx'úā	HM		v	to crouch; to squat (unsteadily with the heels up, knees touching; suggesting to leave soon).
tx'óón	tqχʼúṹ	tx'ówān; tx'óān	HH		v	to pile up (powder) food.
tx'óyán	tqχʼújã́	tx'óyān	HH		v	to put someone off the track by tracing back (or cutting off) one's own footmarks. (rare).
txábè	tχábè	txābē	HL		v	to dig a burrow (of mangoose or springhare), destroying it. 'àbì cì ǀqgòē (ǂgòō) mà txábè. 'He is digging a mangoose (springhare) nest, destroying it.'
txábì	tχábì	txābyā	HL		v	to dig a burrow (of mongoose or springhare), destroying it.
txāēn	tχāĩ̄	txāyān	MM		v	to rub (the painful area); to remedy by rubbing (in a remedy dance).
txām̄	tχām̄	txāmā	MM		v	to hem a piece of leather with a leather string; to string through eyelets and tie up (as one does in a lace-up shoe).
txām̄	tχām̄	txāmā	MM		v	to cause a pain in the abdomen (feeling as if the whole abdomen is being squeezed). (transitive: pain as subject, person as object).
txārā	tχārā	txārānā	MM		v	to show up on the sand surface (of mashroom, truffle). khúù-ts'í dzì cì txārā.
txārī	tχārī	txāryā	MM		v	to squeeze out; to wrench out. (to squeeze feces out of the rectum by hand after taking apart a game).
txóò	tχóò	txōō	HL		v	to stab (i.e. to touch the surface and then to sink in) (e.g. to stick with a fork). ìī mà ǀxáā sì wà txōō-ǂāān. 'Stab meat with a stick.'
txúm̀txùm̀	tχúm̀-tχùm̀		HLLL	[tχúᵊm̀-tχùᵊm̀]	v	to walk with short steps.
txómā	tχúmā	txómānā	HM		v	to wrap something and tie with a string; to wrap with a net and tie up with a string through the net.
ǃx'óē	ǃqχʼóē	ǃx'órē	HM		v	to pour something in through a (relatively narrow) opening. (e.g. to pour water into a tank). ǃx'óē-kx'ò 'leftover'.
ù'àn	ṵ̀ã̀		LL	[ùˤã̀]	interj	used when you are joked at and told to look in a certain direction at something, which does not exist there.
ù'bē	ṵ̀bē	ù'bēnā	LM	[ùᵊˤbē]	v	to dig out something big. ù'bē-sī
ù'bē	ṵ̀bē		LM	[ùᵊˤbē]	adv	suddenly. 'àbì ù'bē-sī càn̄n. 'He stood up suddenly.'
ù'ēn	ṵ̀ĩ̄	ù'yān	LM	[ùˤĩ̄]	v	to cry for something (of child) (intransitive). ù'īn-'ō
ù'ēn	ṵ̀ĩ̄	ù'yān	LM	[ùˤĩ̄]	v	to cry for (transitive).
ú'rà	ṵ́rà	ū'rā	HL	[uˤᵊla]	v	to be red and raw (of meat).
ú'rèsì	ṵ́rè-sì		HLL	[úᵊˤlèsì]	n	radio. (loan from English: wireless)
ú'rò	ṵ́rò	ū'rō	HL	[úˤrò]	v	to touch the inside a wound (e.g. in order to search a thorn).
ūā	ūā	ūrā	MM		v	to be lost of the way (intransitive).
ūākx'àìsī (ǂnùnìn)	ūā-qχʼàì-sī (ŋǂũ̀ĩ̀)		MMLLMLL		v	to sit with testicles exposed.
úī	úī	úyā	HM		v	to admire; to like; to take delight in (seeing, meeting) something.
ùī	ùī	ùyā	LM		v	to help.
úǹn	úǹ		HL	[úᵊǹ]	n	one o'clock in the afternoon. (loan from English)
ónó	únú	ónwā	HH		v	to make a hole (drilling with a knife).
uŕíùrì	uŕí-ùrì		HHLL		v	to stir around (food in the pot).
ùū	ùū		LM		interj	to call someone you are looking for.
ǃx'ōō	ǃqχʼōō	ǃx'ōrō	MM		v	to ooze (of wound; of cooked meat).
wà	wà		L		pp	in.;
wà	wà		L		aspect	aspect-marker (progressive). 'àbì wà ǃóòn. 'He is walking (in the process of walking)'; (following the coordinging conjunction yā with the meaning of simultaneous actions). 'àbì cì khóō sà ǃxán̄n yā wà kx'úī. 'While he is sewing a leather, he is talking.'
wàī	wàī		LM	[wàī]	interj	No; no way.
ǃx'órō	ǃqχʼórō		HM		n	biceps.
xà	χà		L		particle	can, may. (ability, possibility).
xáánsì	χáã́-sì		HHL		v	to come out one after another, to show up one after another.
xábā	χábā		HM		n	tablewear.
xábā	χábā	xábānā	HM		v	to scoop out something, (e.g. food) in order to serve it. to serve to share. (loan from the Tswana gaba via Naro).
xáé	χáé	xáē	HH		v	to mate, to have sexual intercourse.
xáì	χáì	xāyā	HL		v	to slice.
xám̄	χám̄		HM		n	lion (Panthera leo).
xámā	χámā	xámānā	HM		v	to milk.
xáǹnkórè	χáǹ-kórè		HLHL		n	musical instrument.
xáò	χáò	xāō	HL		v	to carve (a line/pattern with edged tools); to draw a line; to tattoo.
xáràxáràsī	χárà-χárà-sī		HLHLM		adv	smoothly and strongly (of singing). xárà-xárà-sī ǀíī sà ǁnáè. 'to sing a song smoothly and strongly.'
xárī	χárī	xáryā	HM		v	to dig onself (into the sand).
xàrīsī	χàrī-sī		LMM		n	rice.
xárò	χárò	xārō	HL		v	to make its nose of a digging stick at one end (the opposit end to its blade). (The digging stick's nose is used for smashing watermelon flesh). (cf. ǂūī 'nose' ǀqàrò 'smash watermelon flesh').
xárō	χárō	xárōnā	HM		v	to scoop to serve something on (a plate).
xāū	χāū	xāwā	MM		v	to feel embarrassed; to feel ashamed.
xáùxáù	χáù-χáù		HLHL		v	to beat time with one's hands.
xāōn	χāũ̄	xāwān	MM		v	to eat (e.g. grass) with chewing sounds; to sink one's teeth into.
xò ~ xòò	χò ~ χòò		LLL		n	thing, place, matter.
xóbé	χóbé		HH		n	millet-porridge? (Setswana loan?)
xóbè	χóbè	xōbē	HL		v	to mix various things.
xóé	χóé	xóē	HH		v	to scratch (an itchy place).
xóē	χóē		HM		n	the Pleiades.
xóókx'àm̀	χóó-qχʼàm̀		HHLL		n	cheek.
xórē	χórē	xórēnā	HM		v	to dig sand surface shallowly.
xúá	χúá	xúā	HH		v	to draw (a pattern).
xúīxúī	χúī-χúī		HMHM		v	to crouch with hair bristled (of animals) .
xúḿ	χúḿ		HH	[χúᵊḿ]	n	sand. xúḿ-kx'ì 'the earth (ground), lit. sand-face'. (cf. ǃgá'nì, ǂgéwà, q'ám̄).
xūm̄	χūm̄	xōmā	MM	[χūᵊm̄]	v	to crush (dry leaves/tobacco) with noise. (cf. xòp).
xúḿǁnòòxòrò	χúḿ-ŋǁòò-χòrò		HHLLLL	[χúᵊḿ-ŋǁòò-χòrò]	n	sp. beetle. (classified as ǁàmà).
xúḿǁqhám̀	χúḿ-ǁqʰám̀		HHHL	[χúᵊḿ-ǁqʰám̀]	n	sp. spider.
xòmā	χùmā		LM		n	an iron spade, a plough, a hoe. (loan from the Tswana mogoma/megoma).
xóná	χúná	xónā	HH		v	to hollow out (the flesh of watermelon) (with the blade of a digging stick).
xónā	χúnā		HM		n	limestone. (cf. ǀgèrō-xónā 'place name lit. ostrich-limestone'). (cf. ǃqārō).
xónā	χúnā	xónānā	HM		v	to lick limestone. (of ostrich/donkey). dāōn-gū bì cì xónā sà xónā. 'The donkey is licking limestone.' (cf. ǃqārō).
xónè	χúnì	xōnyā	HL		v	to blow one's nose; to blow one's nose (with hands).
xūrī	χūrī	xūryā	MM		v	to gather things in one place (e.g. of ostrich eggs).
xúríxùrì	χúrí-χùrì		HHLL		v	to eat the edible part of fruit, leaving the inedible (e.g. rotten, hard, raw) part.
xùrù	χùrù		LL		n	wooden spatula (used to mix food, maize porridge).
xúū	χúū	xúwā; xúā	HM		v	to leave something alone; to leave; to come from somewhere; to leave something behind.
yā	jā		M		conj	and, clause connective (realis). (cf. nè 'and, clause connective (irrealis)') (cf. ā, wā.)
ā	ā		M		conj	and, clause connective (realis). (variant of yā) (cf. nè 'and, clause connective (irrealis)') (cf. yā, wā.)
yà	jà		L		conj	locative marker, used in the possessor raising construction of a descriptive verb. cèrè ǃáèn yà ǂáó. 'lit. I am good in the heart, i.e. I feel happy.'
yá'èyà'è	já̰è-jà̰è		HLLL	[jáˤè-jàˤè]	v	to laugh loudly.
yíà	jíà	yīā	HL		v	to step; to dance; to step on something; to wear (a footwear).
yébè	jíbè	yēbē	HL		v	to become so weakend and thin that one's eyes appear sunken.
yéènyènè	jíĩ̀-jìnì		HLLL		v	to fill a bowl to the brim (e.g. with soup).
yírà	jírà	yīrā	HL		v	to leave a loincloth hung in front (not wearing it properly, but only tying the belt). It is an informal manner of wearing the loincloth. Normally, the main cloth should cover the crotch and the corner of the cloth should be set into the belt.
yòòyòròsī	jòò-jòrò-sī		LLLLM		v	to hang. 'àbì cì yòò-yòrò-sī. 'He is hanging.'
yòòyòròsī	jòò-jòrò-sī		LLLLM		adv	in hanging. yòòyòrò-sī cèèn. 'to be hanging.'
ǃx'óàn	ǃqχʼúã̀	ǃx'ōān	HL		v	to sing strongly (of a male); to growl (of a lion, a cow).
ǀ'á'ān	ǀʔá̰ã̄		HM	[ǀʔáˤã̄]	n	semen of a tortoise; the smell of tortoise semen.
ǀ'á'ān	ǀʔá̰ã̄	ǀ'á'nā	HM	[ǀʔáˤã̄]	v	to have the smell of wet sand. (Tortoise semen is considered to have similar smell).
ǀ'à'm̀	ǀʔà̰m̀		LL	[ǀʔàˤm̀]	n	twig, the tip of a branch. (cf. ǁqàbā).
ǀ'á'mē	ǀʔá̰mī	ǀ'á'myā	HM	[ǀʔáˤmī]	v (taste)	(of water) to be sweet-tasting (especially to have the nice taste and smell of water from a good water pit in the rainy season).
ǀ'á'ráǀ'à'rà	ǀʔá̰rá-ǀʔà̰rà		HHLL	[ǀʔáˤlá-ǀʔàˤlà]	v	to run (of porcupine).
ǀ'áánǀ'àn	ǀʔáã́-ǀʔã̀		HHL		v	to lay many eggs (to bear a large family).
ǀ'áḿ	ǀʔáḿ		HH		n	the direction of movement; the point ahead; nipple (from point). (cf. ǃáó).
ǀ'ām̄	ǀʔām̄	ǀ'āmā	MM		v	to do something in secret (e.g. adultery); to speak ill of someone behind their back; to gossip (either good or bad).
ǀ'áò	ǀʔáò		HL		n	blood; money (obsolete). (The polysemy of blood and money is from Setswana.)
ǀ'āō	ǀʔāō	ǀ'ārō; ǀ'ērō	MM		v	to bleed. chúī sì ǀ'āō. 'The wound bleeds.' ǃgáēn bì cì ǀ'āō. 'The steenbok is bleeding.' cèrè 'āān-xò sà ǀ'āō-ǀxàè. 'I'm bleeding on my clothes.'
ǀ'éē	ǀʔéē		HM		n	fire; firewood.
ǀʼéēkxʼáḿ	ǀʔéē-qχʼáḿ		HMHH		n	firewood burning on one edge.
ǀ'éū	ǀʔéū		HM		n	the name of a specific rocky hill (place name).
ǀ'íī	ǀʔíī	ǀ'íyā; ǀ'íā	HM		v	to shave. ǀ'íī-xò 'a razor, clippers, shears'
ǀ'óò	ǀʔóò	ǀ'ōō	HL		v	to dry (of something that has gotten wet or damp, such as clothes). (intransitive). (cf. ǁxóó).
ǀ'ūn	ǀʔũ̄		M	[ǀʔũ̄]	dem	another, other; alternative. weak form of ǀ'óōn. ǀ'ūn ǁù khóè ǁùà. 'Other men.' ǀ'ūn ǀáḿ kà. 'One day.' ǀ'ūn xò. 'lit. aother case (other cases), i.e. sometimes.' ǀ'ūn kà. 'lit. in another (way), i.e. maybe, perhaps.' cī kà ǀ'ūn mà. 'lit. another one of mine, i.e. my friend.'
ǀ'ú'àn	ǀʔṵ́ã̀		HL	[ǀʔúˤã̀]	n	sky, the blue sky behind the clouds.
ǀ'ú'm̀	ǀʔṵ́m̀	ǀ'ū'mā	HL	[ǀʔúᵊˤm̀]	v	to spit out seeds (e.g. of tsamma melon). (ǁnà'n̄n) ǀxúrī dzì ǀ'ú'm̀. 'to spit out (tsamma melon) seeds.'
ǀ'ù'm̀sī	ǀʔṵ̀m̀-sī		LLM	[ǀʔùᵊˤm̀-sī]	v	to sit with the back relatively straight and vertical (e.g. lions). xám̄ bì ǀ'ù'm̀-sī ǂnòèn. 'The lion is sitting with the back upright.'
ǀ'ù'nà'ō	ǀʔṵ̀nà-ʔō		LLM	[ǀʔùᵊˤnà-ʔō]	v	to drink up, to drink to the last drop.
ǀ'ú'rī	ǀʔṵ́rī	ǀ'ú'ryā	HM	[ǀʔúᵊˤlī]	v	to wash (to clean with water, typically, cleaning the body by removing dirt with wet hands or a cloth, but also said for vessels). ǃnáà sà ǀ'ú'rī-'ō. 'to clean inside a vessel.' ǃnáà sà ǀ'ú'rī-ǀxàè. 'to clean the surface of a vessel.' ǀ'ú'rī-kx'ì 'to wash one's face'.
ǀ'ūāxō	ǀʔūā-χō		MMM		v	to wash (to clean with water, typically, cleaning the body by removing dirt with wet hands or a cloth, but also said for vessels). ǃnáà sà ǀ'ú'rī-'ō. 'to clean inside a vessel.' ǃnáà sà ǀ'ú'rī-ǀxàè. 'to clean the surface of a vessel.' ǀ'ú'rī-kx'ì 'to wash one's face'.
ǀ'óán	ǀʔúã́		HH		n	bone; shinbone (the prototypical bone); leg.
ǀ'ūī	ǀʔūī	ǀ'ūyā	MM		v	to be in-laws with someone (e.g. father/mother-in-law, son/daughter-in-low, brother/sister-in-law).
ǀ'ūrū	ǀʔūrū	ǀ'ūrwā	MM		v	to forget, to leave something behind.
ǀ'úù	ǀʔúù	ǀ'ūwā; ǀ'ūā	HL		v	to not understand, to be confused. 'àbì cì ǃnáà sì 'ō ǀ'úù. 'He is puzzled with what is in the container (something is wrong with the container).' 'àbì cì ǃnáà sà ǀ'úù-'ō. 'He does not understand what is in the container (something is wrong with the container, he is confused with it); to not know.' 'àbì cì ǃnáà sì 'ò wà háān sì xò sà ǀ'ūwā-hā. 'He does not know what is in the container.'
ǀ'ūū	ǀʔūū		MM		n	sp. plant with a root that people chew to suck water from, Commifora pyracanthoides Engl.
ǀ'óōn	ǀʔúũ̄		HM		dem	another, other; alternative. strong form of ǀ'ūn.
ǀ'ōōn	ǀʔūũ̄		MM		n	hair (any human hair, animal hair, bird feathers, etc.).
ǀ'ōōnkx'àì	ǀʔūũ̄-qχʼàì		MMLL		n	the shape of a furred animal.
ǀ'óōntsònò	ǀʔúũ̄-tsùnù		HMLL		n	mesh backpack (made of eland tendon). used by males. (cf. sáòn, ǃgárú).
ǀà'bē	ǀà̰bē		LM	[ǀàˤbē]	n	small intestine. kx'áò-ǀà'bē 'the upper part of the small intestine'. ǁgàē-ǀà'bē 'the lower part of the small intestine'.
ǀá'm̄ǀà'm̀	ǀá̰m̄-ǀà̰m̀		HMLL	[ǀáˤm̄-ǀàˤm̀]	v	to be scared by something absent. 'àbì xám̄ mà ǀá'm̄-ǀà'm̀. 'He is scared of a lion, which is in fact not around.'
ǀá'm̀ǀà'rì	ǀá̰m̀-ǀà̰rì		HLLL	[ǀáˤm̀-ǀàˤrì]	n	sp. cricket. bush cricket? (classified as ǁàmà).
ǀà'rì	ǀà̰rì		LL	[ǀàˤlì]	n	spider wasp (Pompilidae). (Its body fluid is sometimes added to arrow poison to strengthen its effect). (classified as ǀgèēn-nē).
ǀà'rìǀ'ūn	ǀà̰rì-ǀʔũ̄		LLM	[ǀàˤlì-ǀʔũ̄]	n	sp. bee.
ǀà'ùbà	ǀà̰ù-bà		LLL	[ǀàˤù-bà]	n	sp. owl. African barred owlet (Glaucidium capense)?
ǀá'wà	ǀá̰wà		HL	[ǀáˤwà]	n	name of a pan, i.e. ancient lake bed.
ǀáá	ǀáá	ǀáā	HH		v	to split the chest open (the first step in butchering); to skin.
ǀáá	ǀáá-qχʼì	ǀáā	HHL		v	to skin the face. 'àbì ǃgáēn mà ǀáá-kx'ì (-kx'ī-ā-hā). 'He skinned the steenbok's face.'
ǀáàǀà	ǀáà-ǀà		HLL		v	to kill (by beating repeatedly).
ǀààn	ǀàã̀		LL		n	sp. wild cucumber. (The bulb is edible), Coccinia rehmannii Cogn.
ǀàān	ǀàã̄		LM		n	large bag. (cf. dyùbē 'a small bag').
ǀáḿ	ǀáḿ		HH		n	the sun.
ǀáḿ	ǀáḿ	ǀámā	HH		v	to get thirsty, to be thirsty.
ǀám̀	ǀám̀		HL		numeral	to be two; two pieces; to be two. ǀām̄ dyì. 'second'
ǀàm̄	ǀàm̄		LM		n	bulb of the Morama bean, Tylosema esculentum. (edible; roasted in pit ovens).
ǀàn̄n	ǀàn̄	ǀànā	LM		v	to hold and shake a tree.
ǀáò	ǀáò		HL		n	buffalo; rhinoceros.
ǀáòǁnà	ǀáò-ŋǁà		HLL	[ǀáò-ŋǁà] or [ǀáò-ŋǁã̀]	n	magical medicine of socerers. (etymology: buffalo-horn).
ǀàòsī	ǀàò-sī		LLM		v	to boast by comparing oneself to one's father (loan from Naro).
ǀàòn	ǀàũ̀		LL		n	the orbital ridge, the bone and flesh of the brow.
ǀàwàn	ǀàwã̀		LL		n	large amount of leather.
ǀébá	ǀébá		HH		n	hat, cap, head wear.
ǀébá	ǀébá	ǀébā	HH		v	to wear on the head; to wear a hat/cap; to carry on the head.
ǀèbūgū	ǀèbū-ɡū		LMM		n	dragonfly. (classifed as ǀgèēn-nē).
ǂgà'àǂnhītē	ɡǂà̰à-ǂhī-tē		LLMM	[ɡǂàˤà-ǂhī-tē]	n	dragonfly. (classifed as ǀgèēn-nē).
ǀéé	ǀéé		HH		n	Blue Wildebeest, Connochaetes taurinus. (A representative black animal. Considered to have an unsavory hard meat. Tsamma melons (ǁnà'n̄n) have black seeds, which are called ǀéé-dyì when eaten).
ǀééǀùàmàānsàǃk'án̄n	ǀéé-ǀùà-màã̄-sà-ǃʼán̄		HHLLLMLHM		n	sp. insect (similar to gadfly or horsefly). (classified as ǀgèēn-nē).
ǀééǁx'árì	ǀéé-ǁqχ'árì		HHHL		n	black scorpion.
ǀééǂēmē	ǀéé-ǂīmī		HHMM		n	sp. grasshopper (classified as ǂēmē).
ǀémā	ǀémā		HM		adv	probably.
ǀènō	ǀènū	ǀènwā	LM		v	to wear nicely.
ǀērē	ǀērē		MM		n	eland dance.
ǀērē	ǀērē	ǀērēnā	MM		v	to dance the eland dance.
ǀérú	ǀérú	ǀérwā	HH		v	to say (transitive). (Often used in the idiom 'ē ǀérú ò.) 'Hey, say it', which sarcastically means 'don't say any more'.
ǀèrù	ǀèrù		LL		n	grassland. often used by Gǁana speakers.
ǀèrù	ǀèrù	ǀèrwā	LL		v	to stop bleeding. (intransitive).
ǀèrū	ǀèrū		LM		n	deep and large hole (like burrows).
ǀèrūgū	ǀèrū-ɡū		LMM		n	waterweed, algae.
ǀéū	ǀéū		HM		n	one's character/disposition/personality (often used with unfavorable implication) (loan from Naro).
ǀéū	ǀéū	ǀéwā	HM		v	to harden (of fruit).
ǀèù	ǀèù	ǀèwā	LL		v	to increase by filling, e.g. food. (synonym: ǂnhénā) (loan from Naro).
ǀèū	ǀèū	ǀèwā	LM		v	to ripen (of beans). (cf. ǀéū).
ǀgà'àrī	ɡǀà̰à-rī		LLM	[ɡǀàˤà-rī]	n	darkling beetle (classified as ǁàmà).
ǀgá'ēn	ɡǀá̰ĩ̄	ǀgá'yān	HM	[ɡǀáˤĩ̄]	v	to like very much; to like the taste of; to show interest in.
ǀgá'm̄	ɡǀá̰m̄		HM	[ɡǀáˤm̄]	n	sp. tree (unidentified; grows in ancient dry lakes with a water pit). (classified as ìī).
ǀgà'm̄kúrī	ɡǀà̰m̄-kúrī		LMHM	[ɡǀàˤm̄-kúrī]	n	Shafttailed whydah, Vidua regia. (variant of ǀqgàm̄-kúrī)
ǀqgàm̄kúrī	ǀɢàm̄-kúrī		LMHM	[ǀɢàm̄-kúrī]	n	Shafttailed whydah, Vidua regia. (variant of ǀqgàm̄-kúrī)
ǀgá'ḿǀgà'm̀	ɡǀá̰ḿ-ɡǀà̰m̀		HHLL	[ɡǀáˤḿ-ɡǀàˤm̀]	v	(steenbok) to run.
ǀgá'má	ɡǀá̰má		HH	[ɡǀáˤmá]	n	dead person, ghost (a visible spirit of the dead which causes dreams or diseases).
ǀgá'má	ɡǀá̰má	ǀgá'mā	HH	[ɡǀáˤmá]	v	to become a ghost.
ǀgā'ō	ɡǀā̰ō	ǀgā'rō	MM	[ɡǀāˤō]	v	(of a child crying in the night, etc) to be frightened; to be scared of something creepy, like ghosts.
ǀgá'rā	ɡǀá̰rā		HM	[ɡǀaˤla]	n	an edible plant with a bulb shaped like an onion, Dipcadi viride (L.) Moench?
ǀgà'ōn	ɡǀà̰ũ̄		LM	[ɡǀàˤũ̄]	n	secretarybird (Sagittarius serpentarius).
ǀgà'ōn	ɡǀà̰ũ̄		LM	[ɡǀàˤũ̄]	n	the tang of a knife.
ǀgáà	ɡǀáà	ǀgāā	HL		v	to shelter from wind or rain (in a hut or under a tree).
ǀgáà	ɡǀáà		HL		n	silver terminalia, Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. (classified as ìī).
ǀgāāǀgèbà	ɡǀāā-ɡǀèbà		MMLL		v	to put on a blanket in the head.
ǀgáàǁàmà	ɡǀáà-ǁàmà		HLLL		n	sp. buprestid. jewel beetle. (classified as ǁàmà).
ǀgáàǃxóò	ɡǀáà-ǃχóò		HLHL		n	gall (in a branch).
ǀgáàǃxóò	ɡǀáà-ǃχóò		HLHL		n	pipe for smoking made from a gall in a branch of Terminalia sericea. (aka ǀgáà-sú'ìn-nè).
ǀgáān	ɡǀáã̄	ǀgánā; ǀgénā	HM		v	to put underneath; to use as a pillow. ǀgáān-xóó-kx'àm̀
ǀgáān	ɡǀáã̄	ǀgánā; ǀgénā	HM		v	to lie with a pillow under the head (intransitive).
ǀgáān	ɡǀáã̄		HM		n	grass (generic term; opposed to 'tree' ìī or 'vine' ǃánà).
ǀgààn	ɡǀàã̀	ǀgàān	LL		v	to try (transitive).
ǀgáāncāǀxábū	ɡǀáã̄-cā-ǀχábū		HMMHM		n	stick-insect. (classified as ǂēmē).
ǀgám̀	ɡǀám̀	ǀgāmā	HL		v	to put down something big and heavy (transitive). khóè bì ǀxáā kà ǃgúrī sà ǀgám̀. 'The man put down a big chunk of meat.' tsùū sà ǀgám̀. 'to set aside/put down large chunks of feces (taken out of the intestines of an animal).' tsùū sì ǀgám̀-sá-hā. 'There is a pile of feces.' ǀgám̀-sī '【adv】 solidly (standing) (of a large and heavy thing).' ǀgám̀-sī cèèn. 'to be standing solidly.' ǀgám̀-sī céé. 'to stand solidly.' 'ēsì cì ǀgám̀-sī céé. 'She stands solidly (for a long time).'
ǀgáńn	ɡǀáń	ǀgánā	HH		v	to carry on the end of a pole over the shoulder. (A single load at the end. A traditional way of carrying things by men).
ǀgáò	ɡǀáò	ǀgāō	HL		v	to pick up speed; to do in quick succession. tsá-m̄ cì ǀgáò? 'Are you getting heavier? (used to shout at the heavy rain).'
ǀgéē	ɡǀéē	ǀgérē	HM		v	to pop up (e.g. an aardvark from its den).
ǀgénā	ɡǀénā		HM		n	leaf of a tree (a taboo word, which males are not supposed to use in front of women because of its association with female genitals. dá'nà is used by males instead of ǀgénā. (cf. gúrē)).
ǀgènànē	ɡǀènà-nī		LLM		n	Kalahari robin, Erythropygia paena.
ǀgénóǀgénó	ɡǀénú-ɡǀénú		HHHH		v	(of a tree) to be embedded deeply in the sand.
ǀgèrō	ɡǀèrō		LM		n	ostrich, Struthio camelus. (cf. ǃgá'má-nē 'a big female ostrich').
ǀgèrōxónā	ɡǀèrō-χúnā		LMHM		n	place name.
ǀgèrù	ɡǀèrù		LL		n	the melon dance. (Performed by women. Good dancers are considered attractive by men).
ǀgíbī	ɡǀíbī		HM		n	black-backed jackal, Canis mesomelas.
ǀgìbī	ɡǀìbī	ǀgìbyā	LM		v	to escape by pulling one's hand free. cèrè 'àm̀ tshéū wà ǀgìbī. 'I pull my hand free.' xám̄ m̀ kx'áḿ wà ǀgìbī. 'to pull one's hand free from a lion's mouth.'
ǀgìbīrī	ɡǀìbī-rī		LMM		n	sp. bird (small-sized).
ǀgíì	ɡǀíì	ǀgīyā; ǀgīā	HL		v	to crouch (forehead to the ground, rump in the air). to moon (with/without the connotation of taunting). ǀgíì-kx'ī 'to raise the backside (hindquarters) in the air toward somebody's face'. cèrè 'àmà ǀgíì-kx'ī. 'I raise my buttocks at him.'
ǀgèēnnē	ɡǀìĩ̄-nī		LMM		n	fly; generic name for relatively small flying insects, including houseflies; covers flies, mosquitos, bees, wasps, dragonflies, etc., excluding butterfly, moth, beetle, cicada, locust.
ǀgírī	ɡǀírī		HM		n	rattle; baby rattle worn on the right wrist. (made of Lasiocampidae cocoon).
ǀgóbé	ɡǀóbé	ǀgóbē	HH		v	to overflow. ìī dzì ǀnēn kóné sà ǀgóbé. 'Firewoods have overflowed the car.'
ǀgóbè	ɡǀóbè	ǀgōbē	HL		v	to break the junctions of an animal (game).
ǀgóbē	ɡǀóbē	ǀgóbēnā	HM		v	to take a detour: to go off a path and return to it later. ǀgóbē-ǀxàè 'to take a detour to meet someone'. cèrè 'àmà ǀgóbē-ǀxàè. 'I took a detour (e.g. off the road into the bush) to meet him.'
ǀgóè	ɡǀóè		HL		n	protruding forehead; projecting brow (one of the characteristics of an eland's face).
ǀgóò	ɡǀóò	ǀgōō	HL		v	to share with someone (ditransitive). 'àbì ǂ'óón-xò sà 'ēsà ǀgóò. 'He shares the food with her.'
ǀgóō	ɡǀóō	ǀgórō	HM		v	to be noisy (of people).
ǀqgáā'ō	ǀɢáā-ʔō		HMM		v	to open laterally; to unfold.
ǀqgààǀqgàbàsì	ǀɢàà-ǀɢàbà-sì		LLLLL		v	to hang in the air.
ǀqgàbē	ǀɢàbē		LM		n	large spoon. more used by Gǁana speakers. (synonym: dyáḿ-ǂgèbē, commonly used in Gǀui).
ǀqgáèn	ǀɢáĩ̀	ǀqgāyān	HL		v	to pull out (typically, to pull out honeycomb from a beehive). ǀqgáèn-'ō 'pull from inside'
ǀqgáḿ	ǀɢáḿ	ǀqgámā	HH		v	to cut meat into strips; to slice long pieces of meat of carcass. more used by Gǁana speakers. (synonym: ǀqáḿ). 'àbì cì ǀxáā sà ǀqgáḿ. 'He is cutting meat into strips.'
ǀqgám̀	ǀɢám̀	ǀqgāmā	HL		v	to sleep quietly (of a baby on one's back). ǀóán bì cì ǀqgám̀. 'The baby is sleeping peacefully.' ǀqgám̀-tsí-gōnā '【v】 to carry a baby on one's back.' (cf. míí-sòrò).
ǀqgámā	ǀɢámā		HM		n	circlet woven of giraffe-tail hair, worn as an adornment below the knees.
ǀqgárì	ǀɢárì	ǀqgāryā	HL		v	to go numb (of a limb).
ǀqgáū	ǀɢáū		HM		n	new cloud, at the beginning of the rainy season (thin, small, and quickly disappears). ǀqgáū-ǀqgàù
ǀqgáū	ǀɢáū	ǀqgáwā	HM		v	to become far (like a new cloud).
ǀqgòē	ǀɢòē		LM		n	yellow mongoose, Cynictis penicillata.
ǀqgóō	ǀɢóō	ǀqgórō	HM		v	to to jump down and land in a crouch (usually of animals).
ǀqgúbí	ǀɢúbí	ǀqgúbyā	HH		v	to taste something while it is cooking in an earth oven to see if it is finished. ǁgàēkò sì cì còōn dzì ǀqgúbí(-'ō). 'The woman is tasting a Ledebouria sp. root from the earth oven to confirm if it is cooked'; ǀqgúbí-'ō 'to taste a part of'.
ǀqgùī	ǀɢùī	ǀqgùyā	LM		v	to tantalize someone, typically by inappropriate food sharing. 'àbì cì ǂ'óónxò dzì kà 'ēsà ǀqgùī. 'He is tantalizing her by not giving her (sufficient) food.'
ǀqgùrù	ǀɢùrù		LL		n	sport played by adult men (leapfrog); song sung by men when playing leapfrog (with words kùūrù kùrù ... dyìbā-xà ǁàò è ...). ǀqgùrù sà ǁnàì. 'to jump leapfrog.' ǀqgùrù sà ǁnáè. 'to sing the leapfrog song.'
ǀqgùū	ǀɢùū	ǀqgùwā; ǀqgùā	LM		v	to swell up and hang over (of something solid, not liquid); to be so much as to spill over.(cf. ǀgùū).
ǀqgóōn	ǀɢúũ̄	ǀqgówān; ǀqgóān	HM		v	to be hard and fibrous (e.g. the rind of Cucumis kalahariensis or Coccinia rehmannii).
ǀqgóōn	ǀɢúũ̄	ǀqgówān; ǀqgóān	HM		v	to be malnourished (of cubs, whelps).
ǀgú'ān	ɡǀṵ́ã̄		HM	[ɡǀúˤã̄]	n	large lump of resin (produced naturally). (cf. kx'óàn, ǃòò, ǃúrā, gúrú, gáò).
ǀgú'bà	ɡǀṵ́bà		HL	[ɡǀúᵊˤbà]	n	ringworm (skin disease).
ǀgù'bàts'ī	ɡǀṵ̀bà-tsʼī		LLM	[ɡǀùᵊˤbà-tsʼī]	v	to overflow from the eyes (of tear).
ǀgú'í	ɡǀṵ́í		HH	[ɡǀúᵊˤí]	n	sp. herb (unidentified) with a refreshing flavor used to improve the flavor of water in a springhare-leather container ǃgóón. (classified as ǀgáān).
ǀgú'm̀	ɡǀṵ́m̀	ǀgū'mā	HL	[ɡǀúᵊˤm̀]	v	to fold one's arms against the body (e.g. to hide something in the armpits). ǀgèrō-ǀūā-gū bì 'àm̀ ǁ'óàn ǀgú'm̀. 'The ostrich pulled its wings tightly against its sides.' ǀgú'm̀-'ō-sì 'to curl up one's body, with the arms over the belly (because of a stomachache)'. cèrè cì ǀgú'm̀-'ō-sì, cī 'óō è chóòn khùà. 'I am curled up because my belly aches.' ǀgú'm̀-sī
ǀgú'm̀	ɡǀṵ́m̀	ǀgū'mā	HL	[ɡǀúᵊˤm̀]	v	To shrink back in fear.
ǀgú'nē	ɡǀṵ́nī	ǀgú'nyā	HM	[ɡǀúᵊˤnī]	v	for a dangerous or taboo animal to make one ill; to make ill by a mysterious power. páá-xò bì 'ēsà ǀgú'nī. 'A dangerous animal makes her ill.' ǀgú'nī-'ò 【v】 'to cause a stomachache.' ǂ'óón-xò sì 'àmà ǀgú'nī-'ōrō-hā. 'The food has given him a stomachache.'
ǀgù'nà	ɡǀṵ̀nà		LL	[ɡǀùᵊˤnà]	n	sunny place, sunny side.
ǀgù'ōrī	ɡǀṵ̀ō-rī		LMM	[ɡǀùᵊˤō-rī]	n	bird of black-green color.
ǀgù'rè	ɡǀṵ̀rè	ǀgù'rē	LL	[ɡǀùˤrè]	v	to shoot by bow and arrow from a distance (transitive).
ǀgù'rī	ɡǀṵ̀rī		LM	[ɡǀùᵊˤlī]	n	slender mongoose, Galerella sanguinea.
ǀgúà	ɡǀúà		HL		n	monkey orange, Strychnos cocculoides.
ǀgùàdzà	ɡǀùà-dzà		LLL		n	place name.
ǀgúbà	ɡǀúbà		HL		n	sp. spider. (Unidentified. Poisonous. It has a web underground).
ǀgúbí	ɡǀúbí	ǀgúbyā	HH		v	to be full, thick, leafy (of a 'tree' ìī, not of a 'forest' ǁxáú). ìī dzì ǀgúbyā-kx'āī. 'The trees are quite full/leafy.'
ǀgúì	ɡǀúì		HL		n	mistletoe, Tapinanthus oleifolius (J.C.Wendl). Danser. (classified as ìī).
ǀgúì	ɡǀúì		HL		n	chyme (the mushy content in the stomach of a game animal; hunters occasionally squeeze it to get drinking water from it).
ǀgúī	ɡǀúī		HM		n	type of vegetation characterized by thornless bushes, e.g. (ǂnàn̄n-ǂē) Bauhinia petersiana, (ǃàrà) Ochna pulchra, ǀgáà Terminalia sericea, and grasses, with few kx'ārū trees. ǀgúī-ko '(lit.) bush-person, i.e. the Gǀui person': the Gǀui people are named after this type of vegetation because they are said to have lived in it.
ǀgúī	ɡǀúī	ǀgúyā	HM		v	to be the type of vegetation called ǀgúī. 'ē ǀgúyā-hā. 'It has turned into the ǀgúī vegetation.'
ǀgōēnǀgònè	ɡǀūĩ̄-ɡǀùnì		MMLL		v	to grudge.
ǀgúm̄	ɡǀúm̄	ǀgómā	HM	[ɡǀúᵊm̄]	v	to eat something refreshing in order to neutralize the taste of something else one has just eaten.
ǀgúḿìī	ɡǀúḿ-ìī		HHLM	[ɡǀúᵊḿ-ìī]	n	the spring pole of a snare: a small sapling bent over as the spring. (Boscia albitrunca is often used for this purpose).
ǀgúǹn	ɡǀúǹ		HL	[ɡǀúᵊǹ]	n	the part between the anus and the genital.
ǀgònē	ɡǀùnī		LM		n	an earth oven, a cooking pit (a pit dug under the fire for roasting food; the food is under hot sand, which is under the fire). (cf. ǂóōn).
ǀgúrā	ɡǀúrā		HM		n	fly whisk. (Made of the tail of a gemsbok or wildebeest. Used for the healing dance and also for shooing away flies).
ǀgúrùǀgùrù	ɡǀúrù-ɡǀùrù		HLLL		v	to make unskillfully.
ǀgùū	ɡǀùū	ǀgùwā; ǀgùā	LM		v	to swell up and hang over (of something solid, not liquid); to be so much as to spill over. (Gǁana variant of ǀqgùū).
ǀgóòn	ɡǀúũ̀	ǀgōwān; ǀgōān	HL		v	to plug in, to thrust something in. 'àbì ǃhábī mà ǀqóèn sì kà ǀgūwān-hā. 'He has plugged a container with a stop.' ǀgóòn-'ō 'to plug' ǀgáān sì kà ǃhábī mà ǀgóòn-'ō. 'to plug a water container with grass.' (cf. ǀùp).
ǃx'úbà	ǃqχʼúbà	ǃx'ūbā	HL		v	to be just before the time when a day starts to cool down (around three or four o'clock).
ǀhá'àn	ǀʰá̰ã̀	ǀhā'ān	HL	[ǀʰáˤã̀]	v	to scrape bones in order to take meat with an axe. khóè bì bóó sì kà ǀ'óán dzì ǀhá'àn. 'The man scraped meat from bones with an axe.'
ǀháā	ǀʰáā	ǀhárā; ǀhérā	HM		v	to stick something (usually a thin wooden stick) into grass or a hut.
ǀháàn	ǀʰáã̀		HL		n	branches spread around and under a large kill, where the meat for butchering is placed.
ǀhààn	ǀʰàã̀		LL		n	ant (Camponotus sp.). used as a sour-tasting seasoning. (classifed as ǂúḿ-ǂùm̀).
ǀhām̄	ǀʰām̄	ǀhāmā	MM		v	to tramp down grass and bushes. 'àbì ǀgáān dzì ǀhāmā-hā. 'He has tramped down the grass.' kx'úm̄-sa ǀhām̄-'ō. 'to cut out the inside of a Grewia flava bush (in order to use the outer part of the bush as a temporary cage for a tortoise).'
ǀhàwà	ǀʰàwà		LL		n	bundle of hides. ǀhàwà sà ǀòyān-céēxò. 'to hang a bundle of hides.'
ǀhéè	ǀʰéè	ǀhēē	HL		v	to mark a kill or other resource (such as a bee hive) as one's own by covering it with grass, laying a stick on the grass, and attaching a marker made of grass to the stick. 【n】 ǀhéè-'ō 'a place where one has marked a kill'.
ǀhéēkánà	ǀʰéē-kánà		HMHL		n	south. used in the form of ǀhéē-kánà-'ò or ǀhéē-kánà-dyōmā. The direction from which the cold wind (ǁgàē-ǂ'áán) blows in winter (sáō).
ǀhèēkò	ǀʰèē-kò		LML		n	group of Khoe speakers living in Gope.
ǀhènà	ǀʰènà		LL		n	branches spread around and under a large kill, where the meat from butchering is placed. more used by Gǁana speakers. (cf. ǀháàn).
ǀhéū	ǀʰéū		HM		n	whisk made of a gemsbok's tail. Used for medical treatment. (synonym: ǁgúrá).
ǀhíbī	ǀʰíbī		HM		n	guilt, sin. (loan from Naro). 'àbì ǀhíbī-xà. 'He is guilty (lit. with guilt).' 'àmà ǀhíbī sì kà ǂqáì. 'to accuse him of a sin.' 'óò ǀhíbī. 'to be innocent.'
ǀhíí	ǀʰíí		HH		n	rhinoceros.
ǀhìī	ǀʰìī	ǀhìyā; ǀhìā	LM		v	(intransitive) to refuse; to not accept; to not function properly; not willing to work. xorumannte sì dyúù m̀ kà ǀhìī. 'The government refuses about eland (hunting).' dāōn-gū bì cì ǀhìī. 'The donkey will not move.' kóné sì cì ǀhìī. 'The car will not start.' dāōn-gū bì ǃōōn sà ǀhìī-'ō. 'The donkey refused to walk.'
ǀhíīdyū	ǀʰíī-ɟū		HMM		n	place name.
ǀhíìǀhììsī	ǀʰíì-ǀʰìì-sī		HLLLM		v	to do a wrong thing by mistake (cause to reject oneself i.e. cause to reject justice).
ǀhííǁàmà	ǀʰíí-ǁàmà		HHLL		n	sp. beetle (Oryctes sp.) (classified as ǁàmà).
ǀhèèn	ǀʰìĩ̀	ǀhèyān	LL		v	to blunt something (particularly, blunt the blade of a digging stick). 'àbì ìī m̀ ǀxàè ǀnòè mà ǀhèèn. 'He blunted the digging stick by hitting it against a tree (root).' ìī bì ǀnòè mà ǀhèèn. 'The tree (root) blunted the digging stick.'
ǀhénē	ǀʰínī	ǀhényā	HM		v	to smell bad like blood, (e.g. meat of lion, wildcat, genet, etc., or stagnant water). ǀxáā sì ǀhínnyā-kx'āī. 'The meat smells extremely bad.'
ǀhènē	ǀʰìnī	ǀhènyā	LM		v	(of men) to play a bow as a musical instrument.
ǀhìrī	ǀʰìrī		LM		n	an apron for a small boy (for covering the lower body. underwear).
ǀhóó	ǀʰóó	ǀhóō	HH		v	to go and see (a game or a person, and return without taking it/him/her along); (of a man) to visit a woman whom he is interested in; to witness. (cf. ǃnám̄.)
ǀhúà	ǀʰúà	ǀhūā	HL		v	to talk about. (loan from Naro). (cf. qhán̄n).
ǀhúbī	ǀʰúbī	ǀhúbyā	HM		v	to pull out (e.g. a thorn, the weeds). ǀhúbī-'ō 'to pull something out from inside of' ǁháā sà ǀhúbī-'ō. 'to weed a field.'
ǀhùn̄n	ǀʰùn̄	ǀhònā	LM	[ǀʰùᵊn̄]	v	to firm up the ground where a pole has been planted by packing sand around the pole. cèrè ìī mà ǀhùn̄n. 'I pack the ground around the pole.'
ǀhónō	ǀʰúnū	ǀhónwā	HM		v	to be frayed, to be worn (of clothes). ǁnàū sì kx'ō ǀhónō. 'The blanket was frayed.' ǁnàū sì cì ǀhónō. 'The blanket is getting frayed.' ǁnàū sì ǀhúnnw-ā-kx'āī. 'The blanket is quite worn.'
ǀhóón	ǀʰúṹ		HH		n	European, white person.
ǀíī	ǀíī		HM		n	song.
ǀíī	ǀíī	ǀíyā; ǀíā	HM		v	to acquire a skill through practice (to aquire some special skill, e.g. singing or incantation); to undergo menarche.
ǀíīǀèyàn	ǀíī-ǀìjã̀		HMLL		n	expert, master, mentor, professor.
ǀìì	ǀìì	ǀìyā; ǀìā	LL		v	to peep at. cèrè cì 'ēsà ǀìì. 'I am peeping at her.' ǀìì-'ō 'to peep in'. cèrè cì 'ēsà ǀìì-'ō. 'I am peeping in her place.' ǀìì-kx'ī 'to tease someone by peeping at him/her'.
ǀìī	ǀìī		LM		n	aardwolf, Proteles cristatus.
ǀíìǁà	ǀíì-ǁà		HLL		v	to be surprised by something strange or suspicious.
ǀéén	ǀíĩ́	ǀéyān	HH		v	to hide many things; to hide things in various places. (Never used for a single item).
ǀéèn	ǀíĩ̀	ǀēyān	HL		v	to refuse to give; to forbid someone from taking. 'àbì ǀxáā sà ǀéèn. 'He refuses to give the meat.' ǀéèn-ǀxàè 'to refuse to give to' 'àbì 'ēsà ǀxáā sà ǀéèn-ǀxàè. 'He refuses to give meat to her.'
ǀèèn	ǀìĩ̀	ǀèyān	LL		v	to step aside or back, to make room for someone. (Often used to excuse to pass in front of someone). ǀnèn tsēē ǀàèn ò. 'Hey, get out of the wayǃ' ǀàèn dà ǃnáé. 【interjective form】 'Excuse me, but let me pass.'
ǀémē	ǀímī	ǀémyā	HM		v	to wind (string into a ball). (cf. ǂáḿ).
ǀēmē	ǀīmī	ǀēmyā	MM		v	to turn around and around (a hut).
ǀénē	ǀínī		HM		n	sp. locust. (classified as ǂēmē).
ǀìrìǀìrì	ǀìrì-ǀìrì		LLLL		v	to make a fire (making a noise).
ǀíyà	ǀíjà	ǀīyā	HL		v	to put down a large thing.
ǀíyáxō	ǀíjá-χō		HHM		v	to teach medical treatment. (< ǀíī 'master (medicine)').
ǃx'ūbū	ǃqχʼūbū	ǃx'ūbwā	MM		v	to cook edible roots with skin in oven pit (the roots will make boiling noise).
ǀk'áárī	ǀʼáá-rī		HHM		n	bagworm.
ǀk'áàǀk'à	ǀʼáà-ǀʼà		HLL		v	to beat obstinately.
ǀk'ám̀	ǀʼám̀	ǀk'āmā	HL		v	to push someone onto the ground (i.e. push continuously until they are on the ground).
ǀk'ám̄	ǀʼám̄	ǀk'ámā	HM		v	to be ripe (of meat). (it has dried slightly and the flavor has developed, but it is not rotten).
ǀk'áńn	ǀʼáń	ǀk'ánā	HH		v	to confirm. cèrè cía chū ǁnàē sì xò sà ǀk'áńn. 'I confirmed what I said yesterday.'
ǀk'áò	ǀʼáò	ǀk'āō	HL		v	to pull down and bend (e.g. a branch).
ǀk'érō	ǀʼérō		HM		n	eyebrow (ǀk'érō-ǀ'ōōn); the ridge above an animal's eye socket.
ǀk'īī	ǀʼīī	ǀk'īyā; ǀk'īā	MM		v	to ambush; to hide and wait. (Usually for hunting game).
ǀk'éēn	ǀʼíĩ̄	ǀk'éyān	HM		v	to push someone out of the way (rare).
ǀk'óō	ǀʼóō	ǀk'órō	HM		v	to sprinkle; to put in a little bit. (Usually to apply powder medicine to a wound). tsóò sà chúī sì 'ò wà ǀk'óō. 'to sprinkle medicine in a wound.' tsóò sì kà chúī sà ǀk'óō-'ō. 'to sprinkle a wound with medicine.'
ǀk'ōēnǀk'ònè	ǀʼūĩ̄-ǀʼùnì		MMLL		v	to eat or drink tightly (in order to eat for a long time).
ǀk'úm̀(ǁgò)	ǀʼúm̀-(ɡǁò)		HLL		n	buttocks (rare; euphemism for ts'íī 'buttocks').
ǃx'úbúǃx'ùbùsī	ǃqχʼúbú-ǃqχʼùbù-sī		HHLLM		v	to make a noisy fuss in anger, to be enraged (as if boiling).
ǀnà'à	ŋǀà̰à	ǀnà'ā	LL	[ŋǀàˤà]	v	to insult (someone in a joking relationship). (loan from Naro?)
ǀná'ḿ	ŋǀá̰ḿ	ǀná'mā	HH	[ŋǀáˤḿ]	v	to flatten the grass. (The grass is broken. (cf. ǀnáḿ))
ǀnáá	ŋǀáá	ǀnáā	HH		v	to take something specific out of. ǁhóé sà ǀnáá. 'to take out (a specific thing) of a pot.' ǀnáá-'ō 'to take out of something (e.g. a pot)' ǀxáā sà ǀnáá-'ō. 'to take meat out.' (cf. ǁnáà.)
ǀnàà	ŋǀàà		LL		n	stomach. ǀnàà-ǁnàū 'intestinal membrane'
ǀnààkx'āī	ŋǀàà-qχʼāī		LLMM		n	surface of the belly.
ǀnáḿ	ŋǀáḿ	ǀnámā	HH		v	to flatten (the grass), to bend by stepping on. (The grass is only bent. (cf. ǀná'ḿ)) pírí dzì ǀgáān dzì ǀnáḿ. 'Goats flatten grass.'
ǀnàm̀	ŋǀàm̀		LL		interj	Is it that?! What?ǃ (expression of surprise). originally from the question ǀnèn this/that + m̀ (question marker). ǀnàm̀ 'àbì àà. 'What? He's comingǃ'
ǀnáō	ŋǀáō		HM		n	fulgurite, fossilized lightning. (used as medicine?). ǀnáō-dyì 'lit. for fulgurite, i.e. a color of fulgurite, a color ranging from pink to light brown'.
ǀnàōǀnàò	ŋǀàō-ŋǀàò		LMLL		v	to refuse to give something to someone based on the assumption they already have it.
ǀnāōn	ŋǀāũ̄		MM		n	side of something. often used in the phrase ... kà ǀnāōn dā. 'On the side of...'.
ǀnēbērì	ŋǀēbē-rì		MML		n	sp. tree. (classified as ìī).
ǀnēē	ŋǀēē		MM		adv	for the first time, at last. ǀnààtsèràkàǃóòn bì ǀnēē khā dyúù mà móòn. 'The doublebelly monster saw an eland for the first time.'
ǀnēēǀnèrè	ŋǀēē-ŋǀèrè		MMLL		v	to run with heavy and quick steps. ǁxúū bì kōōkā kùà ǀnēē-ǀnèrē-nā síí khē ǃ'óè bì càn̄n ǂnóón yā ǁxúū mà séè xāōnn. 'When the warthog was going with the heavy running step, like tramp-tramp, the leopard stood up, captured it, and devoured it.'
ǀnéésì	ŋǀéé-sì		HHL		v	(attached by the reflexive suffix -sì) to walk slowly and heavily, e.g. of a big animal or person. 'àbì cì ǀnéé-sì. 'He is walking slowly and heavily.' ǀnéé-sī
ǀnéésì	ŋǀéé-sì		HHL		adv	(attached by the adverbializer suffix -sī) slowly and heavily (of fat and big animal/person, e.g. elephant, a fat person). 'àbì cì ǀnéé-sī ǃóòn. 'He walks in a slow and heavy manner.' (cf. ǂéè-sī 'to walk in a slow manner (of a tall person or animal)').
ǀnènā	ŋǀènā		LM		n	dregs; used tea leaves; unnessesary part of Sansevieria scabrifolia, a plant used for ropes.
ǀnèrà	ŋǀèrà	ǀnèrā	LL		v	to spread (e.g. to dry grewia raisins). ǀnèrà-sī 'to disperse (intransitive) (of a group of people)'. ǀnèrà-'ō 'to spread from the middle' kx'úm̄ dzì ǀnèrà-'ō. 'to spread grewia raisins from the center of the pile.'
ǀnérē	ŋǀérē	ǀnérēnā	HM		v	to roll (e.g. a hot pipe) between the palms of the hands; to stir hot coals in the fire.
ǀnéùsī	ŋǀéù-sī		HLM		v	to move slowly (of a big person). 'àbì cì ǀnéù-sī. 'He is moving slowly.'
ǀnéùsī	ŋǀéù-sī		HLM		adv	slowly (of a big man) (possibly with big noises) (if used as an adverb, it indicates a temporary state). 'àbì kùà ǀnéù-sī ǃóòn. 'He is (now) walking slowly.'
ǃx'úí	ǃqχʼúí		HH		n	grassland; place with a lot of long grasses. (common among Gǀui) .
ǀnhá'í	ǀhá̰í		HH	[ǀháˤí]	n	fray; fluff; fringe of a Sansevieria scabrifolia (ǃgúī) leaf (which is cut off).
ǀnhá'rí	ǀhá̰rí		HH	[ǀháˤrí]	n	the violet-eared waxbill, Uraeginthus granatinus. (Food for children).
ǀnháá	ǀháá	ǀnháā	HH		v	to find (e.g. in the grass, in a container, etc.). (variant of ǀnhérá). ǀnháá-'ō 'to find something in' ǀgáān dzì ǀnháá-'ō. 'to find something in the grass.' (Note: ǀgáān is in the object).
ǀnháànǀnhààn	ǀháã̀-ǀhàã̀		HLLL		v	to sprinkle sand.
ǀnháó	ǀháó	ǀnháō	HH		v	to backbite, to laugh at someone behind their back.
ǀnháō	ǀháō	ǀnhárō; ǀnhérō	HM		v	to winnow (by tossing in the air with an old container). (cf. ǀxábū).
ǀnhàō	ǀhàō	ǀnhàrō; ǀnhèrō	LM		v	to jest, to make humorous remarks, to joke around. (rare).
ǀnhérá	ǀhérá	ǀnhérā	HH		v	to find something (e.g. in the grass, in a container, etc.). (variant of ǀnháá). ǀnhérá-'ō 'to find something in' ǀgáān dzì ǀnhérá-'ō. 'to find something in the grass.'
ǀnhéú	ǀhéú		HH		n	fat of the small intestine (of gemsbok, etc.); fat of the duodenum. (When grilled, the duodenum is turned inside-out so that this fat remains inside).
ǀnhíī	ǀhíī	ǀnhíyā; ǀnhíā	HM		v	to smell bad (of old, rotten food, such as meat, roots (bíī, ǀààn.), etc.).
ǀnhíìǀnhībī	ǀhíì-ǀhībī		HLMM		v	to tremble like an aspen.
ǀnhénē	ǀhínī	ǀnhényā	HM		v	to reject, to refuse to follow (an order, request or suggestion). séè sà ǀnhénē. (i.e. ǀnhénē-'ō) 'to refuse to take (something).' (cf. ǀéèn).
ǀnhìrī	ǀhìrī	ǀnhìryā	LM		v	to stretch oneself / stand on tiptoe, in order to see.
ǀnhóē-ǀnhóē	ǀhóē-ǀhóē		HMHM		v	to be heard in the distance. ǀnhóē-ǀnhóē-sī kx'áē. 'to cry in the distance.'
ǀnhóō	ǀhóō	ǀnhórō	HM		v	to make a cylindrical object (e.g. a hut) narrower (by reducing its diameter). ǃnúū mà ǀnhóō. 'to make a hut narrower.' ǀnhóō-'ō 'to make the inside smaller'. ǃnúū mà ǀnhóō-'ō. 'to make the inside of a hut smaller.'
ǀnhòò	ǀhòò		LL		n	Tswana traditional courtroom.
ǀnhòò	ǀhòò		LL		n	hut for bachelors (a dwelling place only for men, without roof, made of large sticks stuck in the ground in a circle). (cf. ǂgàò).
ǀnhú'ū	ǀhṵ́ū	ǀnhú'wā; ǀnhú'ā	HM	[ǀhúᵊˤū]	v	to drink the liquid of a Raphionacme burkei tuber from one's palm. (Without using the thumb. (cf. tsxánē-kx'áḿ)).
ǀnhóān	ǀhúã̄	ǀnhónā	HM		v	to smell bad and fishy (e.g. of the bad smell of the small pit in front of a burrow of Spring hares or Aardvarks, which is made with their penis while they are digging the nest hole). 'ēsì cì ǀnhónā-kx'āī. 'It is starting to smell extremely fishy.'
ǀnhóán'ò	ǀhúã́-ʔò		HHL		n	armpit (of human and animal).
ǀnhúī	ǀhúī	ǀnhúyā	HM		v	to drive (an animal or a herd; a car).
ǀnhóènǀnhòèn	ǀhúĩ̀-ǀhùĩ̀		HLLL		v	to take snuff. (Snuff is only for women). (cf. qhúm̀, gúm̀).
ǀnhómé	ǀhúmí	ǀnhómyā	HH		v	to sob. ǀnhómé-ǀxàè 'to sob with anger against someone'. 'àmà ǀnhómé-ǀxàè. 'to sob with anger against him.' (cf. kx'áē-ǀxàè 'cry with anger against someone').
ǀnhónà	ǀhúnà	ǀnhōnā	HL		v	(transitive) to sniff something distant in the air.
ǀnhònà	ǀhùnà		LL		n	sp. grass (unidentified) used for an arrowhead to shoot birds. (classifed as ǀgáān).
ǀnhònē	ǀhùnī		LM		n	medicine used in healing dance; miniature quiver.
ǀnhùrī	ǀhùrī		LM		n	crop (of birds, e.g. chicken); tea bag.
ǀnhùrù	ǀhùrù	ǀnhùrwā	LL		v	to be unable to understand what someone said, e.g. to miss the point of a story; to be stupid.
ǀnhòònǀnhòònkhóè	ǀhùũ̀-ǀhùũ̀-kʰóè		LLLLHL		n	fog, chilly morning mist.
ǀnèn	ŋǀĩ̀		L	[ŋǀĩ̀]	dem	(deictic) this, that (refering to something close to the speaker). weak form of ǀnéèn. ǀnèn xò. 'Here (this place).' (cf. 'áā and 'ā referring to something far from the speaker, or something other than that already indicated by ǀnèn and ǀnéèn). ǀnèn sì xò kī sì kà. 'At this very moment, abruptly.'
ǀnēn	ŋǀĩ̄		M	[ŋǀĩ̄]	particle	marker of the near past tense (last night past use). used typically for an event of last night. (possible to use ǀnēn [ŋǀĩ̄] in this sense with the -hā form perfect aspect).
ǀnēn	ŋǀĩ̄		M	[ŋǀĩ̄]	particle	marker of the near past tense (close past use). used for an event a short time away in the past within the same day. (possible to use with the imperfective aspect marker cì).
ǀníí	ŋǀíí	ǀníyā; ǀníā	HH		v	to be old (of things, not of people). (loan from Naro).
ǀnéèn	ŋǀíĩ̀		HL	[ŋǀíĩ̀]	dem	strong form of ǀnèn.
ǀnèēnkhā	ŋǀìĩ̄-kʰā		LMM		adv	be about to do. in a short while, very soon. báāsì sì cì ǀnèēn-khā ǃóòn. 'The bus is about to start.'
ǀnòbē	ŋǀòbē		LM		n	to wipe; to dry. (synonym: ǀ'ōō-ǀ'òò) (cf. ǂhúū). ǃnáà sà ǀnòbē-'ō. 'to wipe the inside of a container.' ǃnáà sà ǀnòbē-ǀxàè. 'to wipe the surface of a container.'
ǀnóè	ŋǀóè	ǀnōē	HL		v	to insult (someone) about an odd or ugly physical feature.
ǀnómè	ŋǀúmì	ǀnōmyā	HL		v	to twist, to twine (e.g. string, rope).
ǀnòè	ŋǀòè		LL		n	digging stick; small shovel.
ǀnóó	ŋǀóó	ǀnóō	HH		v	to envy, to miss someone/something.
ǀnórè	ŋǀórè		HL		n	women's word for stone (the word ǁnúá suggests male genitals (presumably the testicles), and thus is avoided by women in front of men).
ǀnóró	ŋǀóró	ǀnórō	HH		v	to soften by crumpling (e.g. leather).
ǀnóróǀnòrò	ŋǀóró-ŋǀòrò		HHLL		v	to crumple severly, smash badly. ǀhíí bì cíā tùm̀-tùm̀ yā ǀnóró-ǀnòrò. 'The rhino trampled and crumpled me badly.'
ǀnù'ǀnù'bī	ŋǀṵ̀-ŋǀṵ̀bī		LLM	[ŋǀùᵊˤ-ŋǀùᵊˤbī]	v	to seem raw but to be well done (of root of a plant).
ǀnù'àn	ŋǀṵ̀ã̀	ǀnù'ān	LL	[ŋǀùᵊˤã̀]	v	to strip off the fiber (of a plant for making a rope). (cf. ǁxáó).
ǀnú'bī	ŋǀṵ́bī		HM	[ŋǀúᵊˤbī]	n	cheek (around the cheekbone); flesh over the cheekbone.
ǀnū'bī	ŋǀṵ̄bī		MM	[ŋǀūˤbī]	n	component of the idiomatic phrase ǀxáḿ cà ǀnū'bī. 'The bladder.'
ǀnù'm̀	ŋǀṵ̀m̀	ǀnù'mā	LL	[ŋǀùᵊˤm̀]	v	to straddle-step over a bush (so that the leaves brush against one's crotch). cèrè ìī dzì ǀnù'm̀. 'I straddle a bush.' (cf. ǀná'ḿ).
ǀnú'rò	ŋǀṵ́rò		HL	[ŋǀúᵊˤlò]	n	root of the melon Acanthosicyos naudiniana, used for tanning. (A typical bitter thing. Thus the expression, kx'áū yā ǀnú'rò khùà ǁām̄. 'Bitter as a melon root.')
ǀnú'ròǃnúū	ŋǀṵ́rò-ŋǃúū		HLHM	[ŋǀúᵊˤlò-ŋǃúū]	n	place name.
ǀnú'òn	ŋǀṵ́ũ̀		HL	[ŋǀúˤũ̀]	n	stiff fiber occationally found in roots of Coccinia rehmannii (ǀààn) and Cucumis kalahariensis (ǃ'ūm̄-ǀ'ìn).
ǀnúá	ŋǀúá	ǀnúā	HH		v	to boil, to cook; to boil water. ǀnúá-'ò 'a hearth (fireplace).'
ǀnúà	ŋǀúà		HL		n	new rain cloud (not yet raining). (loan from Naro?) (cf. ǀqgáū in Gǀui).
ǀnùà	ŋǀùà	ǀnùā	LL		v	to be red, brown. cì ǀnùà. 'to turn red (in the light of the sunset, etc).'
ǀnòān	ŋǀùã̄		LM		n	bump, lump (on a person or animal); boil.
ǀnùbà	ŋǀùbà	ǀnùbā	LL		v	to walk quickly.
ǀnūbī	ŋǀūbī		MM		n	water container made of the stomach of a large animal. (A herb called ǀgú'í was used to reduce a bad smell of the water in this container). (cf. ǃgóón).
ǀnònē	ŋǀùnī		LM		n	shepherd's tree, Boscia albitrunca. (classified as ìī).
ǀnònēgórèxà'ō	ŋǀùnī-ɡórè-χà-ʔō		LMHLLM		n	place name.
ǀnūūkx'àì	ŋǀūū-qχʼàì		MMLL		n	shin.
ǀnùūtshā	ŋǀùū-tsʰā		LMM		n	brown hyena, Hyaena brunnea.
ǀnòòn	ŋǀùũ̀		LL		n	fight, battle. ǀnòòn sa ts'áōn. 'to fight.' (cf. ǁ'áàn sà tsáán. 'to fight.')
ǀnúyà	ŋǀújà		HL		n	sp. caterpillar which feed on ǃxáì trees (black and white stripes).
ǀò	ǀò		L		particle	although. preceded by the subject noun in the genitive case. 'àm̀ ǀò ǀéé cámā; cémā cì pààn-kā. 'Although it is a wildebeest, it runs with a human-like breathing.'
ǀòkōrō	ǀò-kōrō		LMM		adv	probably.
ǀōbō	ǀōbō	ǀōbōnā	MM		v	to put a lot of things (of the same kind).
ǀóè	ǀóè	ǀōē	HL		v	to insult (euphemistic). (non-euphemistic synoym: ǁ'áó).
ǀòò	ǀòò	ǀòō	LL		v	to receive, to catch something in the air, e.g. to catch a ball thrown by someone; to catch up. 'àbè bīē mà ǀòō-hā 'He is catching up with the horse.'
ǀòō	ǀòō		LM		n	forehead (flesh or bone).
ǀòō	ǀòō	ǀòrō	LM		v	to finish (something one is doing); to end (e.g. a job); to be finished or used up (e.g. sugar). ǀòō-'ò '【n】 the end; the edge.' ǀòō-'ò khā 'ī. '(It) is the end (e.g. of the food).'
ǀórè	ǀórè	ǀōrē	HL		v	to cut the skin with a razor in order to apply medicine to the cut.
ǀòrè	ǀòrè	ǀòrē	LL		v	to pick up useless things to eat because of the famine.
ǀòrē	ǀòrē		LM		n	sandpaper raisin, Grewia flavescens Juss. (classified as ìī).
ǀórō	ǀórō	ǀórōnā	HM		v	to sprinkle (powdery things, e.g. sand, salt). ǀórō-sì 'to sprinkle down'. ǀórō-'ō 'to sprinkle on'. dà'bē dzì kà ǂ'óón-xò sà ǀórō-'ō. 'to sprinkle salt on the food.'
ǀòrò	ǀòrò		LL		n	velvet corkwood, Commiphora mollis. Chewing the leaves of this tree is believed to sharpen one's teeth. Chewed leaves are spat on a sick child as a form of treatment. (classified as ìī).
ǀòrō	ǀòrō	ǀòrōnā	LM		v	to lie on one's back.
ǃx'óēnsì	ǃqχʼúĩ̄-sì		HML		v	to stretch oneself; to stick out one's chest.
ǀq'áā	ǀqʼáā	ǀq'árā; ǀq'érā	HM		v	to carry with one's fingers. (e.g. to carry meat with the fingers so as not to get blood stains on you).
ǀq'áī	ǀqʼáī	ǀq'áyā	HM		v	to smell rotten; to have an off smell. (Usually of meat).
ǀq'áèn	ǀqʼáĩ̀	ǀq'āyān	HL		v	to grin; to curl up its lip, to show its teeth (e.g. of dog). ǀq'áèn-'ō 'to look at with disgust'. ǂ'óónxò sà ǀq'áèn-'ō. 'to look at the food with disgust.' 'ābā bì 'àmà ǀq'áèn-kx'ī. 'The dog bared his teeth at him.'
ǀq'ám̀	ǀqʼám̀	ǀq'āmā	HL		v	to savor the fat in meat. khóè bì ǀxáā sà ǀq'ám̀. 'The man enjoys the fat in the meat coating his tongue.' ǀq'ám̀-ǀq'ám̀ HL
ǀq'ám̀	ǀqʼám̀	ǀq'āmā	HL		v (food texture)	to have a certain good texture like that of dried meat cooked with a lot of fat.
ǀq'ánē	ǀqʼánī	ǀq'ányā	HM		v	to show the upper teeth in surprise at seeing something.
ǀq'árā	ǀqʼárā	ǀq'árānā	HM		v	to smell a little rotten; to have an off or sour smell (e.g. rotten meat, flowers of Silver terminalia (ǀgáà), a dirty blanket or laundry, the sweat of a donkey).
ǀq'óē	ǀqʼóē		HM		n	ground stick of a snare (a curved piece of wood which holds the trigger stick. Usually four ground sticks are notched to hold the trigger stick under the pressure of the spring). (cf. ǀgúḿ-ìī).
ǀq'óē	ǀqʼóē	ǀq'órē	HM		v	to set the gound sticks (of a snare). 'àbì ǃgúī mà ǀq'órē-hā. 'He sets the gound sticks of a snare.'
ǀq'óòǀq'òrò	ǀqʼóò-ǀqʼòrò		HLLL		v	to dig up sand.
ǀq'ū(i)ǀq'úrì	ǀqʼū(i)-ǀqʼúrì		MHL		v	to be nervous.
ǀq'úm̄	ǀqʼúm̄	ǀq'ómā	HM	[ǀqʼúᵊm̄]	v	to crumple in order to soften (e.g. hides, so that they become creased, wrinkled, and soft). ǀq'úm̄-'ō 'to knead the inside of (e.g. a hide)'. ǀq'úm̄-ǀxàè 'to knead the surface of (e.g. a hide)'.
ǀq'ónē	ǀqʼúnī	ǀq'ónyā	HM		v	to injure a joint; to sprain; to dislocate.
ǀq'úrà	ǀqʼúrà		HL		n	the texture of tripe (a towel-like surface). ǀnèn sì khóō sì ǀq'úrà-xà. 'This skin has the texture of tripe.'
ǀq'úù	ǀqʼúù		HL		n	flesh inside a wound, where a scab has not yet formed; tissue under the skin; wood under the bark, etc.
ǀqáà	ǀqáà	ǀqāā	HL		v	to tan (a hide). khóō sà ǀqáà. 'to tan a hide.' ǀqáà-kx'ī 'to tan a hide'
ǀqāā	ǀqāā		MM		n	dried-up riverbed, such as Okwa Valley.
ǀqáàǀqà(à)	ǀqáà-ǀqà(à)		HLLL		v	to rub a little grease.
ǀqáàn	ǀqáã̀	ǀqāān	HL		v	to frolic; play and jump about happily. (Also used for animals). (synonym: ǃxóē-céé 'to run around')
ǀqààn	ǀqàã̀	ǀqàān	LL		v	to joke. 'àbì cì ǀqààn. 'He is joking.' 'àbì cì cī \|xàè ǀqààn. 'He is mocking me.' 'àbì cì cī \|xùà ǀqààn. 'He is joking about me (in a good mood).' 'àbì khóè mà ǀqààn-'ō. 'He said silly things about the man.'
ǀqàēn	ǀqàĩ̄	ǀqàyān	LM		v	to cane, to beat with a stick, to whip. ǀqàēn-ǀxàè 'to strike with a stick' ǃgáēn mà ìī m̀ kà ǀqàēn-ǀxàè. 'to beat with a stick (sand out of) steenbok steamed in an earth oven.'
ǀqáḿ	ǀqáḿ	ǀqámā	HH		v	prototypically, to cut meat into strips neatly; to cut long strips of meat off a carcass. also to make a large number of other long-shaped things skillfully, such as arrowheads. 'àbì cì ǀxáā sà ǀqáḿ. 'He is cutting meat into strips.'
ǀqàm̀	ǀqàm̀	ǀqàmā	LL		v	to be a bit overly ripe (of meat). ǀnèn sì ǀxáā sì ǀqàmā-hā. 'This meat is a bit too ripe.'
ǀqāmā	ǀqāmā		MM		n	steppe buzzard, Buteo buteo vulpinus.
ǀqámé	ǀqámí		HH		n	mosquito. (classified as ǀgèēn-nē).
ǀqámē	ǀqámī		HM		n	killing spike (a stick erected in a pitfall (ǃòrō) for hares).
ǀqārī	ǀqārī	ǀqāryā	MM		v	to separate meat from bone. 'ē ǀqārī. 'to separate it (flesh and bone).' ǀ'óán dzì ǀqārī-ǀxàè. 'to take bones (out of meat).'
ǀqáríǀqárí	ǀqárí-ǀqárí		HHHH		n	cricket. (classified as ǁàmà).
ǀqàrò	ǀqàrò	ǀqàrō	LL		v	to squash a tsamma melon flesh with a digging stick's nose. (ǀnòè sì ǂūī.) in order to squeeze its juice. ǁnà'n̄n sà ǀqàrò(-'ō ). 'Poke the flesh of the halved watermelon with a stick and crush it in order to extract the juice.'
ǀqáù	ǀqáù	ǀqāwā	HL		v	(for many people) to chase and attack a person. (Also used for hunting dogs chasing an animal). 'ābī dzì kx'óō mà ǀqáù. 'The dogs chase a game animal.'
ǃx'úú	ǃqχʼúú		HH		n	forehead. (loan from Naro?)
ǀqhàān	ǀqʰàã̄		LM		n	labium (female organ). (Vulgarism never used in the presence of women).
ǀqháī	ǀqʰáī		HM		n	the stick used for a game; the game in which players throw a stick towards a bush and compete for the distance it travels through the bush. (cf. ǁ'á'bí).
ǀqhám̄	ǀqʰám̄		HM		n	sp. ant (black, bites, lays eggs in a neat row in a nest, seen when it is digged up). (Formicidae).
ǀqhánā	ǀqʰánā	ǀqhánānā	HM		v (taste)	to have nice flavor (of meat). ǀnèn sì ǀxáā sì ǀqhánā. 'This meat is flavorous.'
ǀqhárà	ǀqʰárà	ǀqhārā	HL		v	to cut leather straight, to tear straight.
ǀqhárà	ǀqʰárà	ǀqhārā	HL		v	to pass straight through a forest. ǀqhárà-'ō 'to pass through (inside)' ǁxáú sà ǀqhárà-'ō yā ǃnáé. 'to pass through the forest.' khóè xà nà ǀqhárà-'ō yā ǃnáé. 'to pass straight through people.'
ǀqhárí	ǀqʰárí		HH		n	sp. acacia (bears yellow flowers, which steenbok eat). (classified as ìī).
ǀqhōrē	ǀqʰōrē		MM		n	sp. small caterpillar (feeds on Terminalia sericea Burch. EX DC.).
ǀqhūrā	ǀqʰūrā	ǀqhūrānā	MM		v	to be tattered (full of holes). khóō sì ǀqhūrā-nā-hā. 'The leather has been tattered.'
ǀqhúrù	ǀqʰúrù	ǀqhūrwā	HL		v	to flee through an obstacle (e.g. through tree branches, a hut wall made of woods and grasses).
ǀqhúrù	ǀqʰúrù	ǀqhūrwā	HL		v	to slurp down a piece of melon without chewing.
ǀqhúú	ǀqʰúú	ǀqhúwā; ǀqhúā	HH		v	to stay at someone's house for a long time. ǀqhúú-'ō 'to stay (at someone's place) for a long time waiting'. 'àbì ǂ'óón-xò sà ǀqhúú-'ō. 'He waited for a long time waiting for food.'
ǀqhúú	ǀqʰúú	ǀqhúwā; ǀqhúā	HH		v	(for a nose) to be stuffy. (rare).
ǀqhòèn	ǀqʰùĩ̀	ǀqhòyān	LL		v	(for a nose) to be stuffy. 'àbì cì ǀqhòèn. 'His nose is stuffy.'
ǀqhóōn	ǀqʰúũ̄	ǀqhówān; ǀqhóān	HM		v	to become emaciated; to become small (if not skinny). ǃgáēn bì ǀqhóōn. 'The steenbok is emaciated.'
ǃxáà	ǃχáà	ǃxāā	HL		v	to have a diarrhea. (Gǁana: xáà).
ǀqóò	ǀqóò	ǀqōō	HL		v	to pick a small portion (of food, tobacco, etc.). (often with a nuance of stinginess). ǂ'óón-xò sà ǀqóò-'ō. 'to pick up a small portion of food (e.g. to taste it).' ǂ'óón-xò sà ǀqóò-kx'ī. 'to pick up one (e.g. to taste it).'
ǃxáān	ǃχáã̄	ǃxánā; ǃxénā	HM		v	(game for trap hunting) to leave a lot of footprints.
ǀqùbī	ǀqùbī		LM		n	thigh, thighbone.
ǀqūīǀqūrī	ǀqūī-ǀqūrī		MMMM		v	(a dog) to bark loudly.
ǀqóén	ǀqúĩ́		HH		n	fat of the small intestine.
ǀqóèn	ǀqúĩ̀		HL		n	the sedge Kyllinga alba Nees. (Afrikaans: Biesie, Witbiesie). Once used to make stoppers for eggshell water containers. (cf. ǀgú'mī 'stopper') kx'óō-xò dzì ǀqóèn khùà 'īī. 'The game looks like sedge (it is so numerous).'
ǀqūm̄	ǀqūm̄		MM	[ǀqūᵊm̄]	n	poisonous spider.
ǀqómáǀqòmà	ǀqúmá-ǀqùmà		HHLL		v	to trot, to run by short steps.
ǀqònà	ǀqùnà		LL		n	gap.
ǀqònē	ǀqùnī	ǀqònyā	LM		v	(intransitive) to whistle with pulmonic ingressive airstream (by sucking) also with one's hand put at the mouth (used as a signal in herding goats or to stop a donkey). pírí dzì ǀqònē-'ō. 'to whistle to herd goats.' dyúù mà móòn yā ǀqònē-'ō. 'to see an eland and whistle to someone.' (cf. ǂnúḿ 'to whistle').
ǀqōnō	ǀqūnū	ǀqōnwā	MM		v	to boil, to be boiling.
ǀqúrī	ǀqúrī	ǀqúryā	HM		v	to suck at something. (Not continuous. Singular action). ǀqúrí-ǀqùrì 'to suck (e.g. a piece of candy)'. súú-kùrì sà ǀqúrī-ǀxàè. 'to suck a small amount of sugar on the palm into the mouth.' (cf. dyénē 'to lick').
ǀqúū	ǀqúū	ǀqúwā; ǀqúā	HM		v	(for many people) to stand around and stare.
ǀqóòn	ǀqúũ̀	ǀqōwān; ǀqōān	HL		v	to pull (something) straight. ǀqóòn-sī 'to stiffen (as the legs of a dead animal straightening due to rigor mortis)'.
ǀqóòn	ǀqúũ̀	ǀqōwān; ǀqōān	HL		v	to pick up a small portion (of food, tobacco, etc.). (often with a nuance of stinginess). (variant of ǀqóò, more used by Gǁana speakers).
ǀqōōn	ǀqūũ̄	ǀqōwān; ǀqōān	MM		v	to feel itchy, to have an itch. cī màān è ǀqōōn (or ts'úrù). 'My head itches.'
ǀūsōrō	ǀū-sōrō		MMM	[ǀū-sʊ̄rō]	interj	(discourse marker) in contrast,…; or rather, …. (synonym: kū-sōrō) ǀū-sōrō 'áā m̀ khóè mà cèrè ǀ'úrū. '(Not this man) but rather I forgot that man.' ǀū-sōrō cèrè 'úsì xanntsì sìwa ǃóòn. 'I will go to Ghanzi, rather than there.'
ǀù'rā	ǀṵ̀rā		LM	[ǀùᵊˤlā]	n	sp. plant (the root yields non-potable water).
ǀù'rī	ǀṵ̀rī	ǀù'ryā	LM	[ǀùᵊˤlī]	v	to fill in (a hole with sand). 'àbì há'é sà ǀù'rī. 'He fills a hole (with sand).' ǀù'rī 'àbì há'é sà ǀù'rī-'ō. 'He fills in a hole (with sand).' 'àbì há'é sà ǀù'rī-ǀxàè. 'He fills a hole halfway.'
ǀú'ū	ǀṵ́ū		HM	[ǀúˤū]	n	pain caused by the heavy load on the shoulder or back.
ǀù'ōn	ǀṵ̀ũ̄	ǀù'wān; ǀù'ān	LM	[ǀùˤũ̄]	v	to tie and connect leather ropes to make it longer.
ǀùā'ò	ǀùā-ʔò		LML		n	the abdominal region. (used in referring to pain in this area). (synonym: ǀnàà-ǃáó).
ǀūāgū	ǀūā-ɡū		MMM		n	personifier. a diminutive personifier with a connotation of affinity. a generic name for story characters. (Usually following an animal name, e.g. ǀgèrō-ǀūā-gū, ǁxúū-ǀūā-gū, pìī-sì-ǀūā-gū).
ǀóán	ǀúã́		HH		n	child. (also applicable to animals).
ǀóán	ǀúã́	ǀóān	HH		v	to be child, still young, young enough to to something hard.
ǀūā	-ǀūā		MM		suffix	attached to a pronoun of 2nd genitive to mean a request. sáā-ǀūā 'áā xò tsháā ǁàī 'úā àà dà kx'áà ò. 'Would you bring me water so that I will drink it?'
ǀùbā	ǀùbā		LM		n	puff adder. more used by Gǁana speakers. (cf. ǁqgáē).
ǀùbī	ǀùbī		LM		n	to save; to store hides as if saving money (hides used to be used as money); to accumulate stock by making things and putting them aside.
ǀúí	ǀúí		HH		numeral	one; one piece.
ǀúí	ǀúí	ǀúyā	HH		v	to be the same.
ǀúì	ǀúì		HL		n	place (pan) name.
ǀúíts'ī	ǀúí-tsʼī		HHM		n	one male eland.
ǀóēn	ǀúĩ̄		HM		n	sp. tree (thorny bush) (unidentified) (Sickle bush?) (Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wright an Arn. subsp. africana Brennan & Brummitt?). (Steenboks are said to eat its leaves. Used as medicine for goats after castration: the wounds are said to heal immediately if they chew the root and apply it where testicles are cut off). (classified as ìī).
ǀòèn	ǀùĩ̀	ǀòyān	LL		v	to hang skins (or meat) in a bundle.
ǀúm̄	ǀúm̄	ǀómā	HM		v	to suckle. píì sà ǀúm̄. 'to suckle milk.' ǀúm̄-'ō 'to suck in'. ǀúm̄-kx'ì 'to suckle with one's face raised up (e.g. a baby goat which is tied with such a short rope that it can manage to reach its mother's breast only with the face raised fully up)'.
ǀùm̀	ǀùm̀		LL	[ǀùᵊm̀]	n	narrow and long bag made of hides (used for storing things, not carrying them).
ǀùm̀	ǀùm̀	ǀòmā	LL	[ǀùᵊm̀]	v	to apply. (e.g. medicine to a razor cut. (cf. ǀórè)). tsóò sì kà ǀùm̀. 'to apply medicine.' ǀùm̀-'ō 'to apply inside'. tsóò sì kà ǀùm̀-'ō. 'to apply medicine inside.' (cf. ǀxāā, ts'úm̀).
ǀùm̄	ǀùm̄		LM	[ǀùᵊm̄]	n	navel.
ǀómā	ǀúmā		HM		n	python. Python sebae.
ǀónè	ǀúnì	ǀōnyā	HL		v	to firm the axe handle in the blade hole by inserting the small pieces of wood.
ǀūrā	ǀūrā		MM		n	half (< ǀ'ōōn dā.) (NB: ǀ' is simplified to ǀ).
ǀùrì	ǀùrì		LL		n	strained lees.
ǀúrīxò	ǀúrī-χò		HML		numeral	ten. ǀúrī-xò dzì khóō dzì. 'Ten hides.' ǁnà'nn kà ǀúrī-xò dzì háān. 'There are ten tsamma melons.'
ǀúrīxò	ǀúrī-χò		HML		n	set of ten things. ǀúrī-xò sèrà. 'Two sets (e.g. bundles) of ten.'
ǀúù	ǀúù	ǀūwā; ǀūā	HL		v	to be near, to come near. ǀūū céé. 'Stand near (i.e. Come nearer).' 'àbì ǀūū-ǂnòèn. 'He is sitting near.' ǀúù-'ō '【n】 the sweet part of the watermelon near the center of the fruit.' ǁnà'n̄n sì ǀúù-'ō. 'the sweet core of a tsamma melon.' (cf. ǃnúù-'ō).
ǀùùǀùù	ǀùù-ǀùù		LLLL		v	to walk with tottering steps.
ǀóón	ǀúṹ	ǀówān; ǀóān	HH		v	to be prolific, to lay many eggs. usually used for animals/insects, but occasionally humorously applied to humans.
ǀòòn	ǀùũ̀		LL		n	spotted eagle-owl, Bubo africanus.
ǀx'áàn	ǀqχʼáã̀		HL		n	small puddle (waterhole) in a pan which cannot hold water for long; small waterholes formed around a large pan.
ǀx'áān	ǀqχʼáã̄	ǀx'ánā; ǀx'énā	HM		v	to be watery; to flow; to move fluidly like water. cī kà dyíò bì ǀx'áān. 'My path flows (said of a path which is maintained by the animals traveling along it).' 'àbì ǀx'áān. 'lit. he is flowing i.e. he is moving fast.'
ǀx'ábī	ǀqχʼábī	ǀx'ábyā	HM		v	to crawl (of millipede). ǂqòònǂqònò bì ǀx'ábyā-ǃóòn. 'A centipede crawls.'
ǀx'áé	ǀqχʼáé	ǀx'áē	HH		v	to fall down, to tumble, to sink in water or mud; (of alcohol) to finish fermenting; (of edible caterpillars) to mature (to grow large enough to eat); to ignite with a fire drill; for water to seep out. khóè bì ǀx'áé. bíī sì ǀx'áé. ǁnòō ǁù ǀx'áé. cúú bì ǀx'áé. ǀ'éē sì ǀx'áé. ǀx'áé-kx'ì 'to fall in front of' 'àbì cíā ǀx'áé-kx'ì. 'He fell in front of me.'
ǀx'áè	ǀqχʼáè	ǀx'āē	HL		v	to visit a faraway land.
ǀx'āī	ǀqχʼāī	ǀx'āyā	MM		v	to trim, to cut away bit by bit; to chop up something from the end. ǀx'āī-kx'ì 'to trim' ǀgáān dzì ǀx'āī-kx'ì. 'to trim grass (e.g. of the roof of a hut, especially in front of the door).'
ǀx'ám̀	ǀqχʼám̀	ǀx'āmā	HL		v	to hold down (e.g. a person), to seize and throw down someone. khóè mà ǀx'ám̀. 'to hold down a person.'
ǀx'ámá	ǀqχʼámá		HH		n	sp. beetle; beast (used loosely for unfamiliar animals).
ǀx'áǹn	ǀqχʼáǹ	ǀx'ānā	HL		v	to be ugly; to be visually bad; to be bad in behavior; to be very skillful in doing something (amelioration).
ǀx'áǹnàǂáó	ǀqχʼáǹ-à-ǂáó		HLLHH		n	praying mantis egg case. Used as beads to make a necklace.
ǀx'ān̄n	ǀqχʼān̄		MM		n	the pith of the root of Acacia luederitzii. To make a quiver from the cyllindrical bark of the acacia root, the pith (ǀx'ān̄n) is removed.
ǀx'áō	ǀqχʼáō		HM		n	snake (generic name).
ǀx'āō	ǀqχʼāō	ǀx'ārō; ǀx'ērō	MM		v	to be frightened of; to shudder at. páá-xò mà ǀx'āō. 'to be frightened of a dangerous animal.' páá-xò mà ǀx'āō-'ō. 'to be scared to go to where a dangerous animal is.'
ǀx'ārā	ǀqχʼārā	ǀx'ārānā	MM		v	to pass through someone else's territory, to walk through someon's property; drop in on (and pay a visit). 'àbì cì cíā ǀx'ārā. 'He dropped in on me.' 'àbì 'ēǁùà ǀx'ārā. 'He dribbled through other players (in football).'
ǀx'áré	ǀqχʼáré	ǀx'árē	HH		v	to be small, little; to be a small amount.
ǀx'árè	ǀqχʼárè	ǀx'ārē	HL		v	to cut a large piece of meat with a knife (typically while biting it at the mouth, so as to cut off a small portion of meat). ǀxáā sà ǀx'árè. 'Cut meat held with the teeth with a knife.' ǀx'árè-'ō 'to give a cut on the belly skin (with a razor) and rub in medicine (for both children and adults)'. khóè mà ǀx'árè-'ō. 'to give this treatment to a person.'
ǀx'áríǀx'àrì	ǀqχʼárí-ǀqχʼàrì		HHLL		v	to nibble (repeatedly).
ǀx'áú	ǀqχʼáú	ǀx'áwā	HH		v	to be full, to be sated (with food, drink). (cf. ǁx'áàn, khānō).
ǀx'óè	ǀqχʼóè	ǀx'ōē	HL		v	to become full (of a container).
ǀx'óé'ò	ǀqχʼóé-ʔò		HHL		n	the groin (the inguinal region), i.e. the junctional area between the abdomen and the thigh.
ǀx'óré	ǀqχʼóré	ǀx'órē	HH		v	to irritate by not giving something, to be unwilling to give something. (loan from Naro).
ǀx'ūā	ǀqχʼūā	ǀx'ūrā	MM		v	to be few; to be sparse. (Used for more than two countable things). tsháā sì ǀx'ūā. 'There are few (but more than two) containers of water.'
ǀx'óàn	ǀqχʼúã̀		HL		n	misfortune; death.
ǀx'ōān	ǀqχʼūã̄		MM		n	ganglion within the small intestine. (cf. ǃnáī).
ǀx'úbúǀx'ùbù	ǀqχʼúbú-ǀqχʼùbù		HHLL		v	to make small holes repeatedly.
ǀx'úm̀	ǀqχʼúm̀	ǀx'ōmā	HL	[ǀqχʼúᵊm̀]	v	to snap several thin things with the hands.
ǀx'ūn̄n	ǀqχʼūn̄		MM	[ǀqχʼūᵊn̄]	n	name.
ǀx'úrì	ǀqχʼúrì	ǀx'ūryā	HL		v	to grin; to smile. 'àbì cì ǀnéèn sì kx'úī sà ǀx'úrì-'ō. 'He is smiling at that word.'
ǀx'úrī	ǀqχʼúrī		HM		n	dirt; grime; uncleanliness. (idiom: ǀx'úrī khùà 'īī. 'lit. to look like dirt. i.e. to be null or nothing.')
ǀx'úrī	ǀqχʼúrī		HM		n	alternative name of the plant pèn̄n (Strychnos potatorum). (The fruit is ground into powder and taken with water as a medicine for backache). (classified as ìī).
ǀx'óōn	ǀqχʼúũ̄	ǀx'ówān; ǀx'óān	HM		v	to kill. ǀxáā sì 'ī kè cìà 'ēsà ǀx'óōn nè 'ēsà kx'óō. 'Let's kill her and then eat her because she is meat.'
ǀxáā	ǀχáā		HM		n	meat.
ǀxāā	ǀχāā	ǀxārā; ǀxērā	MM		v	to rub into the skin (especially the crown of the head), to apply (ointment, liniment) (transitive). ǁnúì sà ǀxāā-'ò. 'to apply oil.' ǀxāā-xò '【n】 red liniment' (cf. ts'úm̀, ǀùm̀, ǂùā).
ǀxāāǀxāā	ǀχāā-ǀχāā		MMMM		v	to be good for a certain purpose.
ǀxáān	ǀχáã̄	ǀxánā; ǀxénā	HM		v	to rain lightly all day, morning, afternoon, etc.: cúú bì cì cíā ǀxáān-ǀxàè. 'The light rain is falling on my body.' cúú bì cì cíā ǀxáān-kx'ì. 'The light rain is falling and making my face wet.'
ǀxáān	ǀχáã̄		HM		n	the name a dance performed by the Gǁana in Molapo.
ǀxábà	ǀχábà		HL		n	the tasty juice exuding from meat; bodily fluid (which is considered to gather when some part of the body is swollen), lymph(?).
ǀxábū	ǀχábū	ǀxábwā	HM		v	to winnow. (cf. ǀnháō).
ǀxáé	ǀχáé	ǀxáē	HH		v	to be useful; to be good at something; skillful; good (in performance or personality, as opposed to appearance or feeling). ǀxáé à ǂáó. 'to be generous, kind.'
ǀxàè	ǀχàè		LL		pp	on.
ǀxáé'ò	ǀχáé-ʔò		HHL		n	body (applicable to human and animal, and alive and dead).
ǀxáì	ǀχáì	ǀxāyā	HL		v	to spray water with the mouth. ǀxáì-ǀxāē-sì 'to spray oneself this way to cool down the body'. 'ēsì ǂ'óón-xò dzì ǀxáì-'ō. 'She sprayed the food in her hand with water (part of the female initiation ceremony).' ǀxáì-ǀxāē 'to spray the body of someone this way with medicine' (cf. qhaba). khóè mà ǀxáì-ǀxāē. 'to spray a person with water this way.' ǀxáì-kx'ī 'to spray someone else's face with water'.
ǀxáìǀxàì	ǀχáì-ǀχàì		HLLL		v	to be drizzling (of early rainy season).
ǀxáī	ǀχáī		HM		n	large, flat grassy area at the edge of a pan (dry lake bed).
ǀxáénnē	ǀχáĩ́-nī		HHM		n	hedgehog.
ǀxáḿ	ǀχáḿ		HH		n	urine.
ǀxáḿ	ǀχáḿ	ǀxámā	HH		v	to urinate. ǃnáà sà ǀxáḿ-'ō. 'to urinate into a container.' (cf. ǂhómā, ǁháḿ).
ǀxáḿcàǀnū'bī	ǀχáḿ-cà-ŋǀṵ̄bī		HHLMM	[ǀχáḿ-cà-ŋǀūˤbī]	n	the bladder.
ǀxáné	ǀχání		HH		n	helmeted guinea-fowl, Numida meleagris. (edible).
ǀxáò	ǀχáò	ǀxāō	HL		v	to pile up; to put a large quantity (e.g. of melon) in the same spot. 'àbì qáàn dzì ǀxáò. 'He makes a pile of gemsbok cucumbers.'
ǀxárò	ǀχárò	ǀxārō	HL		v	to throw things at (at a distance, in fear). páá-xò mà ǀxárò. 'to throw things at an dangerous animal.' páá-xò mà ǀxárò-ǀxāē. 'to attack a dangerous animal by throwing many things at it.' (cf. ǁgábí).
ǀxárō	ǀχárō	ǀxárōnā	HM		v	to lower (to the bottom, to the ground), to pull (e.g. a branch) down (to the ground), to take down. ǀxárō-sì 'to settle (of sediment in water), to lean down (of people)'. (cf. gùī, gùī-sì). ǀxárō-kx'ì 'to look down (to tilt the head forward to look at something)' 'àbì cì ǀxárō-kx'ì yā cì ìī-xò sà móòn. 'What is he looking down at?'
ǀxárù	ǀχárù		HL		n	sieve.
ǀxáúǀxàù	ǀχáú-ǀχàù		HHLL		v	to twitch; to convulse.ǀqgòē bì cì ǀxáúǀxàù, 'àm̀ cì ǁ'óó kà. 'A mangoose twitches when it is dying.'
ǀxóbè	ǀχóbè	ǀxōbē	HL		v	to borrow; to lend (rare). xò sà khóè m̀ kà/ǀxàè ǀxóbè 'to borrow something from someone.' 'ēsì xò sà 'àmà ǀxóbè. 'She lent him something.' ǀxóbè-'ō 'to borrow a part of' màrī dzì ǀxóbè-'ō. 'to borrow part of the money.' khóè mà ǀxóbè-ǀxāē. 'to borrow from a person.'
ǀxóē	ǀχóē		HM		n	hail, ice.
ǀxóò	ǀχóò		HL		n	gemsbok, Oryx gazella.
ǀxóòǂxāēn	ǀχóò-ǂχāĩ̄		HLMM		n	sp. spider.
ǀxórè	ǀχórè	ǀxōrē	HL		v	to be full of thorns; to have a rough or course surface; to have a tough skin; to be strong (of a person).
ǀxórò	ǀχórò	ǀxōrō	HL		v	to be grainy; to consist of small grains. to be thin
ǀxórò	ǀχórò		HL		n	ordinary people.
ǀxōrō	ǀχōrō		MM		n	the rattles worn around the ankles when dancing; the rattle worn around a child's right wrist; the rattle piece for a thumb piano.
ǀxúā	ǀχúā	ǀxúrā	HM		v	to tell someone to die; to hope someone dies; to curse with death. 'ēsì 'àmà ǀxúā. 'She hoped he would die.' (cf. ǀxúí, ǀxúí-kx'àm̀).
ǀxùà	ǀχùà		LL		pp	along with; together with.
ǀxúí	ǀχúí	ǀxúyā	HH		v	to curse; to say something ominous to someone. ǀxúí-'ō 'to not give something promised'; 'àbì ǂ'óón-xò sì kà cíā ǀxúí-'ō. 'He does not give me the food which he promised me'.
ǀxúī	ǀχúī		HM		n	gemsbok bean (bean of Tylosema esculentum).
ǀxóèn	ǀχúĩ̀	ǀxōyān	HL		v	to vomit. ǀxóèn-'ō 'to vomit into'. ǃnáà sà ǀxóèn-'ō. 'to vomit into a vessel.' khóè mà ǀxóèn-ǀxāē/-kx'ī. 'to vomit onto the body/face of a person.'
ǀxúm̀	ǀχúm̀	ǀxōmā	HL	[ǀχúᵊm̀]	v	to sympathize with. ǀxúm̀-xà 'to need support, to deserve sympathy'
ǀxūm̄	ǀχūm̄	ǀxōmā	MM	[ǀχūᵊm̄]	v	to eat dry, crispy things. (synonym: xúm̀-xūm̄).
ǀxóné	ǀχúní		HH		n	toes and fingers. (ǀxóné also means 'finger' which is usually called tshéū, the same as 'hand').
ǀxónō	ǀχúnū		HM		n	coldness, chill.
ǀxónō	ǀχúnū		HM		n	to feel cold, chilly. more used by Gǁana speakers.
ǀxúrī	ǀχúrī		HM		n	seed; core in fruits.
ǀxúrū	ǀχúrū	ǀxúrwā	HM		v	to shiver (with cold, fear). ǀxúrū-ǀxàè 'to attack shivering (with fear)'. khóè mà ǀxúrū-ǀxàè. 'to attack him shivering (with fear).'
ǀxúú	ǀχúú		HH		n	an ankle bone (talus) used for divination.
ǃxáè	ǃχáè	ǃxāē	HL		v	to spatter sands (when using a digging stick, when starting to run).
ǁ'à'à	ǁʔà̰à	ǁ'à'ā	LL	[ǁʔàˤà]	v	to get angry at someone not present and declare the intention to go fight with him/her. 'àbì cì 'ēǁùà ǁ'à'à. 'He is declaring his intention to go fight with them.'
ǁ'á'bí	ǁʔá̰bí		HH	[ǁʔáˤbí]	n	stick used for a game; game in which a stick is thrown by males at a small mound made of grass and wet sand.
ǁ'áá	ǁʔáá		HH		n	bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis).
ǁ'áà	ǁʔáà		HL		n	the light of a torch or flashlight. (Naro loan word originally denotinɡ light').
ǁ'áákā	ǁʔáá-kā		HHM		n	place name. (Gǁana: ǁ'áá-kī).
ǁ'áákò	ǁʔáá-kò		HHL		n	place name.
ǁ'áàn	ǁʔáã̀	ǁ'āān	HL		v	to fight; to chase (an animal) and make it exhausted. 'ēǁù chū cì ǁ'áàn. 'They were fighting.'
ǁ'áān	ǁʔáã̄	ǁ'ánā; ǁ'énā	HM		v	to be delighted to see something.
ǁ'ábá	ǁʔábá		HH		n	human bond; one's relatives, family, kin.
ǁ'ábà	ǁʔábà		HL		n	tendon.
ǁ'ábé	ǁʔábé	ǁ'ábē	HH		v	to become out of breath. (loan from Naro).
ǁ'áé	ǁʔáé		HH		n	home, residential unit, camp; village.
ǁ'áè	ǁʔáè	ǁ'āē	HL		v	to see off someone leaving; to bid farewell (with either the leaving party or the remaining party as the subject); to tell someone to fetch something.
ǁ'àè	ǁʔàè		LL		n	the time. (loan from Naro).
ǁ'āē	ǁʔāē	ǁ'ārē	MM		v	to stay for a long time; to visit and stay for a long time (e.g. for a man to visit some place for a woman and stay there for a long time); (for a woman) to spend the night at her boyfriend's place before marriage.
ǁ'àèdā	ǁʔàè-dā		LLM		adv	to the direction of ...; toward the direction of .... (loan from Naro?). ǂqónò sì cì ǀáḿ sì ǂhēē ǁ'àè-dā ǂhēē. 'The star sets in the direction where the sun sets.'
ǁ'áékū	ǁʔáé-kū		HHM		v	to go back; to come home.
ǁ'āēǁ'àè	ǁʔāē-ǁʔàè		MMLL		v	to tell the direction pointing a far spot; to guess the length, to compare the size.
ǁ'áī	ǁʔáī		HM		n	wealth, property (material possessions); chiefship. (loan from Naro). ǁ'áī sì wà ǂāān. 'lit. enter into chiefship, i.e. become a chief.'
ǁ'áèn	ǁʔáĩ̀	ǁ'āyān	HL		v	to buy.
ǁ'āēn	ǁʔāĩ̄	ǁ'āyān	MM		v	to keep something (e.g. food, etc.) in a place; to put something in/on something for later use. (ditransitive). cèrè 'àmà ǂ'óón-xò dzì ǁ'āēn. 'I keep food for him.'
ǁ'áḿ	ǁʔáḿ	ǁ'ámā	HH		v	(for women) to clap hands (with the music).
ǁ'ám̀	ǁʔám̀	ǁ'āmā	HL		v	to grasp, to grab. xúḿ sà ǁ'ám̀. 'to grasp sand.'
ǁ'ámá	ǁʔámá	ǁ'ámā	HH		v	to buy; to barter. (loan from Naro).
ǁ'ámē	ǁʔámī		HM		n	sp. termite or ant (unidentified). (It makes a nest in the sand during the winter. When burnt, the nest gives off a smell that attracts birds. The white termite (larvae?) found inside the nest are edible. The nest is also used for medicine to solve/prevent health problems arising from extramarital relationships).
ǁ'áńn	ǁʔáń	ǁ'ánā	HH		v	to be cooked.
ǁ'áńn	ǁʔáń	ǁ'ánā	HH		v	to grow ripe. (intransitive).
ǁ'ān̄n	ǁʔān̄	ǁ'ānā	MM		v	to reside, to have one's own home, to camp; to happen repeatedly, frequently; (it's been a while.) ǀnèn ǀáḿ ǀnéèn ǁù xò ǁù ǁ'ānā-hā, cì 'āǁàà kà ts'áōn-sì xò sà 'à. 'Lately, such things have been happening repeatedly. I'm referring to what's happening to us.' 'àbì ǁ'ānā-hā cì ǀxáā dzì kx'óō. 'He eats meat every now and then (it's been a while since he started to eat meat regularly).'
ǁ'ān̄nkx'àm̀	ǁʔān̄-qχʼàm̀		MMLL		v	to shut oneself inside in confinement (when giving birth).
ǁ'áó	ǁʔáó	ǁ'áō	HH		v	to insult (to curse). (usually verbally, but sometimes with gestures).
ǁ'áū	ǁʔáū		HM		n	jealousy. ǁgàē-kò sì kà ǁ'áū mà tsáán. 'lit. to feel the jealoucy concerning the woman, i.e. to get jealous because of the woman's attitude or behavior.'
ǁ'áōn	ǁʔáũ̄	ǁ'áwān	HM		v	to set a trap.
ǁ'ōbē	ǁʔōbē	ǁ'ōbēnā	MM		v	to kiss (as a sign of affection, for children or one's girl/boyfriend).
ǁ'óé	ǁʔóé	ǁ'óē	HH		v	to be out of harmony with, to ill-fit; not to suit one's taste; to be unable to do well; not to feel inclined. ǁ'óé-kū 'to not be even-balanced; to not be equal; to not get along with each other'.
ǁ'óē	ǁʔóē	ǁ'órē	HM		v	(men/women) to go on a gathering tour lasting for many days.
ǁ'óó	ǁʔóó	ǁ'óō	HH		v	to die; to be broken; (e.g. tobacco leaves) to be rubbed and softend. ǁ'óō ǃāē. 'to revive, come back to life (idiom).'
ǁ'ù'm̀	ǁʔṵ̀m̀		LL	[ǁʔùᵊˤm̀]	n	Verreaux's eagle-owl (aka giant eagle owl or milky eagle owl). (Bubo lacteus).
ǁ'ù'mā	ǁʔṵ̀mā		LM	[ǁʔùᵊˤmā]	n	limb, branch. (cf. ǀ'à'm̀ 'twig') (synonym: ǁqàbā).
ǁ'ù'māǁ'ù'mà	ǁʔṵ̀mā-ǁʔṵ̀mà		LMLL	[ǁʔùˤmā-ǁʔùˤmà]	v	to grip firmly, to grasp tightly (e.g. in order to pull down a branch.)
ǁ'ú'òn	ǁʔṵ́ũ̀	ǁ'ū'wān; ǁ'ū'ān	HL	[ǁʔúˤũ̀]	v	to put one's lips to something and slurp it up into his/her mouth.
ǁ'ù'ōn	ǁʔṵ̀ũ̄	ǁ'ù'wān; ǁ'ù'ān	LM	[ǁʔùᵊˤũ̄]	v	to be weaned early (because of a younger sibling born next to him/her, often referring to a skinny baby not eating enough baby-food).
ǁ'óán	ǁʔúã́	ǁ'óān	HH		v	to spill; to pour. (transitive).
ǁ'óàn	ǁʔúã̀		HL		n	arm (foreleg); mallet; handle; the tendril of a plant (vine, creeper).
ǁ'ōān	ǁʔūã̄	ǁ'ōnā	MM		v	(intransitive) to spill; to be poured.
ǁ'ōān	ǁʔūã̄	ǁ'ōnā	MM		v	to return; to go back.
ǁ'úm̀	ǁʔúm̀	ǁ'ōmā	HL	[ǁʔúᵊm̀]	v	to sleep; to fall asleep. ǁ'ōmā-ǁ'óó 'lit. sleep-die, i.e. sleep like a dead person'. ǁ'ōmā-céé 'lit. sleep-stand, i.e. to stay up until late'. 'àrì ǁ'ōmā céé cì ǀgèrō mà cōmā héénn. 'They stayed up until late, eating ostrich (egg) for a long time.'
ǁ'úm̄	ǁʔúm̄	ǁ'ómā	HM	[ǁʔúəm̄]	v	to parch something in the hot sand around a fire.
ǁ'òmè	ǁʔùmì		LL		n	sp. large lizard (with whitish, shiny spots, that lives in a mouse hole. When eaten by a girl before the first menstruation, it is supposed to lighten the menstrual troubles). (cf. qgúrí).
ǁà'bè	ǁà̰bè		LL	[ǁàˤbè]	n	sp. plant (edible), Talinum crispatulum.
ǁá'bù	ǁá̰bù	ǁā'bwā	HL	[ǁáˤbù]	v	to become rotten to swell (of the dead body of an animal).
ǁà'm̀ǁà'rē	ǁà̰m̀-ǁà̰rē		LLLM	[ǁàˤm̀-ǁàˤlē]	n	sp. fungus-growing termite (Odontotermes sp.).
ǁá'nè	ǁá̰nì		HL	[ǁáˤnì]	n	hardened sandy ground. (by water or termite nest). (cf. ǃgá'nì)
ǁá'nè	ǁá̰nì	ǁā'nyā	HL	[ǁáˤnì]	v	(for sand) to harden.
ǁá'òn	ǁá̰ũ̀		HL	[ǁáˤũ̀]	n	to light up a dead tree (by placing firewood at the root).
ǁá'ōnǁà'òn	ǁá̰ũ̄-ǁà̰ũ̀		HMLL	[ǁáˤũ̄-ǁàˤũ̀]	v	to take a light (for cigarette) from a bonfire.
ǁáà	ǁáà	ǁāā	HL		v	to visit to compete with (opponent, competitor), to visit to play a sport game with (someone), to visit to join dancing. ǁáà-kò 'person who visits to fight, visiting dancers, visiting players'. ǁàà ǀíī sà ǁáà, ǁgánákò dzì ǀnēn xáù cà céēxò sà. 'Let's sing a song in response to the song the Gǁana women just sang with their heart and soul.'
ǁàà	ǁàà		LL		n	black korhaan, Eupodotis afra. (A bird eaten by elder people only).
ǁàà	ǁàà	ǁàā	LL		v	to come/go and tell (something to someone). (ditransitive). 'ēsì khóè m̀ khúryā-hā sà 'àmà (or 'àm kà) ǁàà. 'She came to inform him that the man had died.' 'àbì kì cíā dyúù mà ǁàà. 'He came to inform me of an eland.' (passive: cèrè kì dyúù mà ('àm̀ kà) ǁàà-'è. 'I was informed of an eland by him.')
ǁàā	ǁàā		LM		n	the pair hanging down behind the loincloth.
ǁàā	ǁàā	ǁàrā; ǁèrā	LM		v	to go on a picnic; to play house, i.e. activity by children.
ǁààkū	ǁàà-kū		LLM		v	to be in the same age group. cèrè 'àm̀ ǀxùà ǁàà-kū-ā-hā. 'I am as old as he.' ǁàà-'ō 'to be (approximately) the same size (used in the song of Abdim's stork (Ciconia abdimii), gúú-'ò).'
ǁáàn	ǁáã̀	ǁāān	HL		v	to cause a storm, to bring rain, which is due to a death, birth, or large wild animal.
ǁáàn	ǁáã̀		HL		n	the strong wind cased by a birth or death. ǀóán bì c'óèn-ǁáàn. 'The child's birth caused a good wind with rain.' 'àbì ǀx'áǹn-ǁáàn. 'His death caused a bad wind without rain.'
ǁáān	ǁáã̄	ǁánā; ǁénā	HM		v	to crave; to want something with an acquired taste (e.g. tobacco, alcohol drink, etc.); to be eager to do something.
ǁààn	ǁàã̀	ǁàān	LL		v	to ride something. (Originally, to straddle something). dāōn-gū mà ǁààn. 'to ride a donkey.'
ǁáánǁáán	ǁáã́-ǁáã́		HHHH		v	to be unblemished, undamaged.
ǁábá	ǁábá		HH		n	small area (with hard sand on the ground) in the dried river bed which gathers no water.
ǁàbà	ǁàbà	ǁàbā	LL		v	to become hungry. (cf. ǂqhámā).
ǁàbà	ǁàbà		LL		n	hunger. ǁàbà sì cì cíā ǀx'óōn. 'Hunger kills me.' (cf. ǁx'áàn).
ǁábī	ǁábī	ǁábyā	HM		v	to be easy; easy to learn. ǃnúū m̀ ǁ'ān̄n è ǁábī. 'Building a hut is easy.'
ǁàbì	ǁàbì		LL		n	mountain; dune.
ǁàbù	ǁàbù	ǁàbwā	LL		v	to abruptly push someone's chest.
ǁábúǁàbù	ǁábú-ǁàbù		HHLL		v	to run or walk around in circles. khóè ǁù xám̄ mà ǁábú-ǁàbù yā ǃqháòxò 'The men ran around chasing a lion away.'
ǁáé	ǁáé	ǁáē	HH		v	to teach. (ditransitive). dāōn-gū m̀ ǁààn cíā ǁáé. 'Teach me donkey-riding.' 'àbì cì kx'úī sà cíā ǁáé. 'He teaches me the language.' (passive: cèrè cì kx'úī sà ('àm̀ kà) ǁáé-'è. 'I am taught the language (by him)').
ǁáè	ǁáè	ǁāē	HL		v	to brood eggs; to wrap something up; to ride something on one's stomach. ǁāē-kx'áà 'to drink water directly from the water on the surface of the ground water'.
ǁáē	ǁáē	ǁárē	HM		v	to chew. (may be followed by either swallowing or spitting it out).
ǁàè	ǁàè	ǁàē	LL		v	to function as a rain shelter or windbreak. ǃnúū bì ǁàè yà 'ō. 'lit. the hut shelters in the inside, i.e. the inside of the hut functions as a rain shelter.'
ǁàē	ǁàē	ǁàrē	LM		v	to utter (a curse); to bring bad luck, to cause misfortune. dzèū sà cī ǀxàè ǁàē. 'to curse me.' ǁàē ò 'Don't say any more. more used by Gǁana speakers.'
ǁāē	ǁāē	ǁārē	MM		v	to watch something moving (e.g. dance).
ǁāē	ǁāē	ǁārē	MM		v	to wear a necklace.
ǁáērī	ǁáē-rī		HMM		v	to get something luckily, to find something by luck.
ǁáì	ǁáì		HL		n	side, edge, rim. (usually used in the inalienable possessive noun phrase). cùā-kx'áḿ sì ǁáì ǀxàè ǁqánē-tsúrō dzì céē-xò. 'to put hulls around the anus.'
ǁàī	ǁàī	ǁàyā	LM		v	to hold something dangling (with a hand/both hands).
ǁàī	ǁàī		LM		n	the part of the leg below the knee, above the ankle (i.e. shin and calf); the lower leg.
ǂ'énē	ǂʔínī		HM		n	calf.
ǁàēn	ǁàĩ̄	ǁàyān	LM		v	to sharpen something (with a whetstone). (e.g.: to rub against ostrich eggshells).
ǁám̀	ǁám̀	ǁāmā	HL		v	to try a taste of. (transitive). (loan from Naro). 'àbì ǁnòō mà ǃxóō-ǁāmā-ǁháé. 'He tried to hold a quiver but failed.'
ǁàm̄	ǁàm̄	ǁàmā	LM		v	to bear (a child/children) (said of animals).
ǁām̄	ǁām̄	ǁāmā	MM		v	to taste, to sense (non-visual) (with the senses of sound/smell/taste/touch). (intransitive).
ǁàm̀ts'ā	ǁàm̀-tsʼā		LLM		n	sp. tree, Kalahari apple-leaf, Lonchocarpus nelsii (Schinz) Schinz ex Heering. (classified as ìī). (Gǁana: ǁàm̀'ā).
ǁàm̀ts'ācèècèbè	ǁàm̀-tsʼā-cìè-cìbè		LLMLLLL		n	sp. butterfly (classifed as cèè-cèbè).
ǁàm̀ts'ākhònè	ǁàm̀-tsʼā-kʰùnì		LLMLL		n	place name.
ǁám̀ǀùà	ǁám̀-ǀùà		HLLL		n	small body (e.g. of children, small animals). (inalianable).
ǁàmà	ǁàmà		LL		n	scarab, dung beetle; beetles in general. (classified as ǁàmà).
ǁàǹn	ǁàǹ		LL		n	an upper arm (the area covering the shoulder to the upper arm). ǁx'úá-ǁàǹn 'bicep', ǁx'úā-ǁx'ùà 'to have big biceps.'
ǁàǹn	ǁàǹ		LL		n	to bury a part of something (e.g. the tip of firewood; turtoise for roasting in a pit oven). ǁàǹn-kx'āī 'to hide one's face against the knee'.
ǁáná	ǁáná		HH		n	an animal trail (of relatively small games such as steenbok).
ǁànè	ǁànì		LL		n	place name. G\|ui name for Rakops.
ǁánó	ǁánú	ǁánwā	HH		v	(for an animal) to be entangled (dragging the rope of a snare) and stuck in a tree.
ǁáō	ǁáō	ǁárō; ǁérō	HM		v	to shoot an arrow; to shoot with an arrow.
ǁáō	ǁáō		HM		n	the biceps (used to shoot an arrow; usually called ǁáō-ǃx'órō or ǁáō-sáá).
ǁàō	ǁàō		LM		n	shelf or stand for holding things (build-in in the hut). (Gǁana: târā).
ǁāō	ǁāō		MM		adv	usually. (Gǁana: ǁâō).
ǁárà	ǁárà		HL		n	camel thorn (giraffe thorn) (Acacia erioloba E. Mey). (whose leaves are favored/eaten by the giraffes).
ǁārā	ǁārā		MM		n	sp. plant (Brachystelma sp.). (classified as ǃánà).
ǁàrī	ǁàrī		LM		n	nuchal tendon (ligament).
ǁárū	ǁárū		HM		n	strait trail of large animals (such as wildebeest's). (synonym: ǁáná)
ǁáù	ǁáù	ǁāwā	HL		v	to stuff a leather bag with sand in order to spread out the leather properly (in the process of making a hunting bag). (cf. ǁgáón, ǂhúrà).
ǁáù	ǁáù	ǁāwā	HL		v	to make one's body stiff. chóòn sì 'àmà ǁāwā-hā. 'The pain has made his body stiff.'
ǁàū	ǁàū	ǁàwā	LM		v	to trace footprints; to track; to chase something/someone; to search, to look all over for something; to confirm. 'àbì cì kx'óōxò mà ǁàū. 'He is tracking animal footprints.'
ǁàū	ǁàū		LM		n	spotted hyena. (Crocuta crocuta).
ǁāū	ǁāū	ǁāwā	MM		v	to care; to love (a person/things) deeply; to covet (something hard to get); to want something badly as to become impatient.
ǁáón	ǁáṹ	ǁáwān	HH		v	to stuff (the hut) with something; to fill something up.
ǁáòn	ǁáũ̀		HL		n	deserted hut; abondoned hut; empty house.
ǁáōn	ǁáũ̄		HM		n	big shepherd's tree (Boscia albitrunca).
ǁàòn	ǁàũ̀	ǁàwān	LL		v	to hang low in the sky (of rain cloud).
ǁàòn	ǁàũ̀	ǁàwān	LL		v	to pick up by using a hooked stick or rod.
ǁàōn	ǁàũ̄	ǁàwān	LM		v	to signal by whistling.
ǁāyān	ǁājã̄	ǁāyānnā	MM		v	to be excited to repeat something; to be a regular visitor.
ǃxāē	ǃχāē	ǃxārē	MM		v	to be at night.
ǃxāē	ǃχāē		MM		n	the dark period of time; the night. (Gǁana: xâē).
ǁgá'à	ɡǁá̰à		HL	[ɡǁáˤà]	n	sp. plant, puzzle bush, Ehretia rigida (Thunb.) Druce. Wood used for awl handles. Its fruit is edible. Also used as medicine to break up relationships: when people want to sow discord, to cause people to fight, they throw puzzle bush branches in the fire. (classified as ìī). ǁgá'à bì khóè mà ǂnóē-kū-kà-xō. 'The puzzle bush causes conflicts.'
ǁgá'è	ɡǁá̰è		HL	[ɡǁáˤè]	n	light; eyesight.
ǁgà'm̄	ɡǁà̰m̄	ǁgà'mā	LM	[ɡǁàˤm̄]	v	to wear across the chest from the shoulder. (how women wear a garment).
ǁgà'n̄nts'ī	ɡǁà̰n̄-ts'ī		LMM	[ɡǁàˤn̄-ts'ī]	n	sp. beetle. (classified as ǁàmà).
ǁgà'ō	ɡǁà̰ō	ǁgà'rō	LM	[ɡǁàˤō]	v	to go mad, to go insane and violent.
ǁgà'rè	ɡǁà̰rè		LL	[ɡǁàˤlè]	n	sp. ant, Formicidae. ǁgà'rè-ǁgà'è. 'to finish initiation dance (female)'.
ǁgá'ū	ɡǁá̰ū	ǁgá'wā	HM	[ɡǁáˤū]	v	to bud; to sprout (fresh) leaves. (Used both trees and grasses).
ǁgáà	ɡǁáà	ǁgāā	HL		v	to aestivate, to estivate, to go through the dry and hot season; (of tortoise, snake, etc.).
ǁgàà	ɡǁàà		LL		n	loincloth with fringes for girls. (cf. ǃāē, ǃāē-tsáó).
ǁgáàn	ɡǁáã̀		HL		n	bull-roarer. Used as medicine for the male ceremony.
ǁgáān	ɡǁáã̄	ǁgánā; ǁgénā	HM		v	to hold up one's hands to a fire, to warm them; to prick up one's ears.
ǁgábā	ɡǁábā		HM		n	the wooden foreshaft of an arrow (connecting the arrowhead to the main shaft).
ǁgábè	ɡǁábè		HL		n	the diaphragm. (Classified as meat. Separates the heart and liver).
ǁgábí	ɡǁábí	ǁgábyā	HH		v	to throw (e.g. a stick or rock) in order to hit something. 'àbì kx'óō-xò mà ǂnúā m̀ kà ǁgábí. 'He threw a club against an animal.'
ǁgábú	ɡǁábú	ǁgábwā	HH		v	to bloat (of a dead body); to be unable to say anything because the weather is so hot and unconfortable.
ǁgábùǁgábù	ɡǁábù-ɡǁábù		HLHL		v	to be full (of stomach), to be sated with food, to have eaten heartily.
ǁgáè	ɡǁáè	ǁgāē	HL		v	to fix the springhare hunnting rod (ǂgà'n̄n) by tying a short stick with the rod grip, after the rod-barb catching a springhare in its burrow.
ǁgàē	ɡǁàē	ǁgàrē	LM		v	to be female.
ǁgáí	ɡǁáí		HH		n	the cheek bone. (cf. ǁgáí-xò 'cheek').
ǁgáì	ɡǁáì	ǁgāyā	HL		v	to crouch on all fours, like a lion stalking its prey.
ǁgàīkx'ārī	ɡǁàī-qχʼārī		LMMM		v	to joke with someone in a joking relationship.
ǁgáēn	ɡǁáĩ̄	ǁgáyān	HM		v	to be constipated.
ǁgàēn	ɡǁàĩ̄	ǁgàyān	LM		v	(someone with children) to become sterile. (Usually because of age).
ǁgám̄	ɡǁám̄		HM		n	thorn.
ǁgàm̄	ɡǁàm̄	ǁgàmā	LM		v	to love, to like (e.g. things, food, people).
ǁgámá	ɡǁámá		HH		n	God; nothing more than something (used as the second element of a compound noun). \|xáā-ǁgámá 'nothing more than meat.'
ǁgámá tsìīrō	ɡǁámá tsìī-rō		HHLMM		n	female play (dance). Making a mound of sand and stepping toward it.
ǁgáná	ɡǁáná		HH		n	well, water hole. more used by Gǁana speakers.
ǁgánò	ɡǁánù		HL		n	the hip joint.
ǁgáō	ɡǁáō		HM		n	sp. plant, of which the root is used as a source of moisture.
ǁgàō	ɡǁàō		LM		n	sp. plant, Brachystelma sp.?. (Bulbs (roots?) are fed to goats).
ǁgárà	ɡǁárà	ǁgārā	HL		v	to engrave; to draw lines; to write.
ǁgàrā	ɡǁàrā		LM		n	pattern; letter (of the alphabet). ǁgàrā-xà 'to be etched with a pattern' khóō sì ǀxàè ǁgàrā ǁùà céēxò 'to etch a pattern on the leather.'
ǁgàrì	ɡǁàrì	ǁgàryā	LL		v	to be fragrant or flavorous (e.g. of trees or fruits, such as ǀòrò, ǃàrà, ǃhàrè).
ǁgáū	ɡǁáū	ǁgáwā	HM		v	to accumulate a lot, to pile up / collect quite a bit / quite a lot.
ǁgàū	ɡǁàū		LM		aug	augumentative marker for trees. Following a tree name X, it signifies a big X tree, e.g. ǀnònē-ǁgàū, ǁàm̀-ts'ā-ǁgàū, kx'ērū-ǁgàū.
ǁgàū	ɡǁàū		LM		n	sp. tree. (Used by women as medicine for love potion). (classified as ìī).
ǁgàū	ɡǁàū	ǁgàwā	LM		v	to search for beehives. 'àbì cì dyènē mà ǁgàū. 'He is searching for a beehive.'
ǁgáūǁgàù	ɡǁáū-ɡǁàù		HMLL		v	to guess a distance looking out.
ǁgáón	ɡǁáṹ	ǁgáwān	HH		v	to dry a hide by stretching it and staking it to the ground.
ǁgàwàn	ɡǁàwã̀		LL		n	the spirit of a person long dead, which is believed to cause dreams. dyúù-bèē-ǁgàwàn mà. 'Dyuubee's sipirit; dust-devil associated with a person long dead.'
ǁgàwān	ɡǁàwã̄		LM		n	an evil spirit, which is believed to affect people's minds. (cf. ǀgá'má). dyúù-bèē m̀ ǁgàwān. 'Dyuubee's evil spirit.' (cf. dyúù-bèē m̀ ǀgá'má. 'Dyuubee's ghost.') (cf. ǁgàwān-cà-ǂ'áán, ǁgàwān-ǂ'áán).
ǁgàwān	ɡǁàwã̄		LM		n	whirlwind.
ǁgóbè	ɡǁóbè	ǁgōbē	HL		v	to squat (with knees drawn up and arms stretched down) (of human). (cf. ǁgáì for animals).
ǁgóbó	ɡǁóbó	ǁgóbō	HH		v	to have a poor (ugly), flat and long shape (e.g. the head, buttocks, a melon, etc.).
ǁgóbò	ɡǁóbò		HL		n	puddle (either natural or artificial). (cf. ǃqòyō).
ǁgóé	ɡǁóé		HH		n	leopard tortoise, Geochelone pardalis. ǁgóé-ǁgò 'large bowl'.
ǁgóó	ɡǁóó	ǁgóō	HH		v	to graze (on grass).
ǁgóò	ɡǁóò	ǁgōō	HL		v	to grow up, to become an adult.
ǁgóōǁgórō	ɡǁóō-ɡǁórō		HMHM		v	to smell bad (of old meat).
ǁgóōǁgórō	ɡǁóō-ɡǁórō		HMHM		n	sp. insect.
ǁgórē	ɡǁórē		HM		n	sp. figwort, Aptosimum albomarginatum. (a perennial herb) Steenboks, etc. are said to fall into a trap if a hunter cuts himself with a knife and applies the burnt roots of this plant to the wound.
ǁgòrè	ɡǁòrè	ǁgòrē	LL		v	to get (to be) muggy, to be hot and humid.
ǁgòrè	ɡǁòrè		LL		n	sticky heat, humidity.
ǁgóró	ɡǁóró		HH		n	worn grinding stone (netherstone).
ǁgórò	ɡǁórò	ǁgōrō	HL		v	to run off in fear.
ǁgórōkò	ɡǁórō-kò		HML		n	group of Gǁoro speakers living in the south of Rakops.
ǁgórōsì	ɡǁórō-sì		HML		v	to be lying at an angle; to be leaning (over); to be growing at an angle (of trees). khóè bì ǁgórō-sì. 'The man is leaning over.' ǁgórō-sī
ǁgórōsì	ɡǁórō-sì		HML		adv	obliquely, at an angle. khóè bì ǁgórō-sī ǁòèn. 'The man is lying at an angle.'
ǃxáèkx'āī	ǃχáè-qχʼāī		HLMM		v	to rain shortly so that the sand surface gets wet. cúú bì kì ǃnóón sa ǃxáè-kx'ī. (Gǁana: ǃxáè-kx'ì).
ǁqgáá	ǁɢáá	ǁqgáā	HH		v	(of a human head) to be wide-looking, often due to a receding hairline; for hair on the sides of the head to protrude like horns.
ǁqgáà	ǁɢáà	ǁqgāā	HL		v	to glow red in the dark.
ǁqgáē	ǁɢáē		HM		n	puff adder. Bitis arietans.
ǁqgáì	ǁɢáì	ǁqgāyā	HL		v	to flee.
ǁqgáī	ǁɢáī		HM		n	maggot; grub; maggot-like larva. (cf. ǃnòō).
ǁqgáén	ǁɢáĩ́	ǁqgáyān	HH		v	to put in a container; to store (for preservation; not used for boiling in a pot).
ǁqgàm̄	ǁɢàm̄	ǁqgàmā	LM		v	to be slimy (esp. amniotic fluid).
ǁqgàmā	ǁɢàmā		LM		n	Ledebouria sp. (an edible plant of the asparagus family).
ǁqgànā	ǁɢànā	ǁqgànānā	LM		v	to long for a certain purpose, to get stuck (because of its too large a size).
ǁqgáó	ǁɢáó	ǁqgáō	HH		v	to be red (particularly of the bright color of the sunset after rainclouds have broken).
ǁqgárā	ǁɢárā		HM		n	the shoulder blades; the part of the shoulder blades and the deltoids.
ǁqgóó	ǁɢóó	ǁqgóō	HH		v	to have a snout/muzzle (e.g. a dog).
ǁqgúā	ǁɢúā		HM		n	gap between front teeth. ǁqgúā-xà 'to have a gap in one's front teeth.'
ǁqgùbā	ǁɢùbā		LM		n	large spear.
ǁqgùbā	ǁɢùbā		LM		n	place name.
ǁqgúī	ǁɢúī	ǁqgúyā	HM		v	to gut an animal.
ǁqgómà	ǁɢúmà	ǁqgōmā	HL		v	to stuff one's mouth with pounded and ground seeds. (cf. ǃnhúī, khùm̀, ǁgú'm̄). (variant: ǁqgómè).
ǁqgúrū	ǁɢúrū		HM		n	zebra aloe, Aloe zebrina.
ǁqgúù	ǁɢúù	ǁqgūwā; ǁqgūā	HL		v	to add yeast (when brewing alcohol). (rare).
ǁgù'ā	ɡǁṵ̀ā		LM	[ɡǁùˤā]	n	sp. edible caterpillar (unidentified).
ǁgū'āxàm̀kūtsórō	ɡǁṵ̄ā-χàm̀-kū-tsórō		MMLLMHM	[ɡǁūˤā-χàm̀-kū-tsórō]	n	sp. buprestid. edible. (classified as ǁàmà). (variantː kóānkòān-tsùū).
ǁgù'ēnnē	ɡǁṵ̀ĩ̄-nī		LMM	[ɡǁuˤ᷅ᵊĩ-nī]	n	Cape glossy starling (sp. bird) (Lamprotornis nitens).
ǁgú'm̄	ɡǁṵ́m̄	ǁgú'mā	HM	[ɡǁúᵊˤm̄]	v	to stuff one's mouth with food or liquid. (cf. ǃnhúī, khùm̀, ǁqgómà).
ǁgú'má	ɡǁṵ́má	ǁgú'mā	HH	[ɡǁúᵊˤmá]	v	to be dry and usable for firewood.
ǁgú'má	ɡǁṵ́má		HH	[ɡǁúᵊˤmá]	n	dry wood used for firewood.
ǁgú'mè	ɡǁṵ́mì		HL	[ɡǁúᵊˤmì]	n	kneecap (patella).
ǁgū'rī	ɡǁṵ̄rī		MM	[ɡǁūᵊˤlī]	n	anal sphincter. also used for an insult, like asshole.
ǁgú'ōn	ɡǁṵ́ũ̄	ǁgú'wān; ǁgú'ān	HM	[ɡǁuˤ᷇ᵊũ]	v	to taste umami and savory. (e.g. broiled hawk moth caterpillar, broiled cranchy antelope skin).
ǁgúà	ɡǁúà	ǁgūā	HL		v	to be broad, flat and wide. (antonym: ǂ'óō).
ǁgúàǃnàrèm̀kàǁháā	ɡǁúà-ŋǃàrè-m̀-kà-ǁʰáā		HLLLLLHM		n	place name.
ǁgùī	ɡǁùī	ǁgùyā	LM		v	to collect rain water. ǁgùīǁgùì-tshéū 'to receive water with both hands'.
ǁgúm̀	ɡǁúm̀	ǁgōmā	HL	[ɡǁúᵊm̀]	v	to spur on a donkey or horse. 'àbì dáón-gū mà ǁgúm̀.
ǁgùm̀	ɡǁùm̀	ǁgòmā	LL	[ɡǁùᵊm̀]	v	to bump into.
ǁgómā	ɡǁúmā	ǁgómānā	HM		v	to fold (legs, etc.); to bind (ropes, etc.).
ǁgòmèsī	ɡǁùmì-sī		LLM		v	to get cramp in one's leg.
ǁgónà	ɡǁúnà	ǁgōnā	HL		v	to be aged, old (of an animal, plant). also used for a senior person with respect. dyúù-ǁgónà 'aged-eland', ǃgòōn-ǁgónà 'old false umbrella thorn (Acacia luederitzii)'.
ǁgúú	ɡǁúú	ǁgúwā; ǁgúā	HH		v	to ignite, light a fire, kindle a fire.
ǁgúū	ɡǁúū		HM		n	the chest. ǁgúū-'ò 'voice'. 'àm̀ ǁgúū-'ò è ǁgúà/ǃgúrī. 'His voice is big.' dyíò sì ǁgúū-kx'ì kà. 'lit. at the chest of the way, i.e. in the middle of the way.' dyúù m̀ ǁgúū-kx'ì kà ǃāmā-hā. 'lit. to go along at the chest of the eland, i.e. to go alongside the eland.'
ǁgúúǀ'èn	ɡǁúú-ǀʔĩ̀		HHL	[ɡǁúú-ǀʔĩ̀]	v	to light a fire for cooking in a pit-oven.
ǁgòòn	ɡǁùũ̀	ǁgòwān; ǁgòān	LL		v	to bump into; to head-butt. (e.g. wildebeest, goat, etc.).
ǁgòòn	ɡǁùũ̀		LL		n	sp. snake (big, whitish beige-green, venomous but non-fatal and has a painful bite). 'Bibron's burrowing asp' (nogaphohu)?
ǃxáí	ǃχáí		HH		n	women's clothing. (loan from Naro?)
ǁhá'bē	ǁʰá̰bē		HM	[ǁʰáˤbē]	n	sp. termite that bites (unidentified).
ǁháá	ǁʰáá	ǁháā	HH		v	to rough-hew with an axe.
ǁháā	ǁʰáā	ǁhárā; ǁhérā	HM		v	to cultivate, plow.
ǁháā	ǁʰáā		HM		n	field.
ǁhāā	ǁʰāā	ǁhārā; ǁhērā	MM		v	to point, to show (someone something); to point with a finger. (ditransitive). 'àbì kì cíā ǃnáà sà ǁhāā. 'He showed me of the container.' (passive: cèrè kì ǃnáà sà ('àm̀ kà) ǁhāā-'è. 'I was shown the container (by him)').
ǁháàǁhàà	ǁʰáà-ǁʰàà		HLLL		v	to show off; showcase for sale. (etymology: iterative of ǁhāā, with semantic narrowing). ǁháà-ǁhàà-sī. 'to be pretentious, to be ostentatious.' (synonym: ǀhíìǀhìì-sī, hēēn-hèèn-sī).
ǁháàn	ǁʰáã̀	ǁhāān	HL		v	to rub against a tree with the horns. (e.g. of gemsbok).
ǁhábà	ǁʰábà	ǁhābā	HL		v	to stumble, to trip and fall.
ǁháé	ǁʰáé	ǁháē	HH		v	not to understand; to fail to understand.
ǁháè	ǁʰáè		HL		n	the skin sagging from AN eland's neck, neck folds, the dewlap of an eland.
ǁháéǁháé	ǁʰáé-ǁʰáé		HHHH		v	to be a nuisance, to be annoying, be troublesome.
ǁháī	ǁʰáī	ǁháyā	HM		v	to pull; to draw. ǁháyā ǂāān. 'to approach quicly (idiom).'
ǁháī	ǁʰáī	ǁháyā	HM		v	to smoke (i.e. draw on) tobacco. (Gǁana: gúm̀), (Khute variant qhúm̀)
ǁhàì	ǁʰàì	ǁhàyā	LL		v	to cover part of a hut with grass for repairs (in thatching/roofing). (cf. ǃgárì).
ǁháḿ	ǁʰáḿ	ǁhámā	HH		v	to come out of a dark place where the sun is blocked (e.g. forest); to urinate (euphemism) (cf. ǀxáḿ, ǂhómā).
ǁhám̀	ǁʰám̀	ǁhāmā	HL		v	to set a trap for (of non-snare type). (cf. ǁ'áōn 'for snare (ǃgúī) type'). 'àbì kx'óō-xò mà ǁhám̀. 'He sets a trap for a large game animal.'
ǁháó	ǁʰáó		HH		n	hoe.
ǁhárà	ǁʰárà	ǁhārā	HL		v	to cultivate.
ǁhárà	ǁʰárà		HL		n	field. (loan from Naro?).
ǁhàrō	ǁʰàrō		LM		n	windbreak for a hearth, hearth windshield. made of silver terminalia
ǁháù	ǁʰáù	ǁhāwā	HL		v	to clear away; to put in order; to repair, to mend, to fix; to bury.
ǁhàù	ǁʰàù		LL		n	category of animals that one can catch using snares. (e.g. duiker).
ǁháyànǁàmà	ǁʰájã̀-ǁàmà		HLLL		n	sp. beetle. (classified as ǁàmà).
ǁhóbè	ǁʰóbè	ǁhōbē	HL		v	to walk stooped over, to walk in a crouch, to walk with head bent low.
ǁhóē	ǁʰóē		HM		n	cooking pot.
ǁhóē'òǀx'ān̄nǀx'àǹn	ǁʰóē-ʔò-ǀqχ'ān̄-ǀqχ'àǹ		HMLMMLL		n	sp. beetle. (classified as ǁàmà).
ǁhóò	ǁʰóò	ǁhōō	HL		v	to strip off the skin with one's knuckles when taking apart a carcass.
ǁhòō	ǁʰòō	ǁhòrō	LM		v	to live in one place for a long time.
ǁhóàn	ǁʰúã̀		HL		n	place name.
ǁhùbū	ǁʰùbū		LM		n	opacity, foam, cloudiness.
ǁhùī	ǁʰùī	ǁhùyā	LM		v	to smell like damp old grass; to be tasteless.
ǁhóēn	ǁʰúĩ̄	ǁhóyān	HM		v	to breathe; to sigh (implying unwillingness to do something); to be tired.
ǁhúḿ	ǁʰúḿ	ǁhómā	HH	[ǁʰúᵊḿ]	v	to get set (to start running). ǁhúḿǁhùm̀ 'to run slowly (e.g. due to fatigue)'
ǁhùm̄	ǁʰùm̄		LM	[ǁʰùᵊm̄]	n	stick used for snare-hunting. (One end is a blade like that of a digging stick and the other end is thicker and is used to club animals).
ǁhómè	ǁʰúmì		HL		n	loincloth for males.
ǁhómè	ǁʰúmì	ǁhōmyā	HL		v	(in wearing the loincloth) to bring the apron from under the legs to the back belt, where the tip of the apron is tucked in.
ǁhònèǃx'áó	ǁʰùnì-ǃqχʼáó		LLHH		v	to hang one's head, droop one's head.
ǁhūrā	ǁʰūrā	ǁhūrānā	MM		v	to crumble, to get torn. (of paper/cloth/skin) (intransitive).
ǁhúū	ǁʰúū	ǁhúwā; ǁhúā	HM		v	to take ... away from ~; to take back something once taken away by force. (ditransitive). 'àbì kì cíā pírí mà ǁhúū. 'He robbed me of a goat.' (passive: cèrè kì pírí mà ('àm̀ kà) ǁhúū-'è. 'I was robbed of a goat by him').
ǁhúúrù	ǁʰúú-rù		HHL		n	large type of hedgehog.
ǁhóòn	ǁʰúũ̀	ǁhōwān; ǁhōān	HL		v	to remove skin from flesh with a piece of tree.
ǁhòòn	ǁʰùũ̀	ǁhòwān; ǁhòān	LL		v	to eat in a mouthful a bundle of various fresh wild plants soon after or during the food-gathering.
ǁk'áā	ǁʼáā		HM		n	flower. (Flowers are not utilized).
ǁk'áā	ǁʼáā	ǁk'árā; ǁk'érā	HM		v	to bloom.
ǁk'áà	ǁʼáà		HL		n	light. ǁk'āā-ǁk'àà 'to shed light on'.
ǁk'áēn	ǁʼáĩ̄	ǁk'áyān	HM		v	to take a long time defecating; to strain at passing a stool, to defecate by holding one's breath and straining one's stomach.
ǁk'āēn	ǁʼāĩ̄		MM		n	thick milk curdled in the duodenum of infant antelopes.
ǁk'āō	ǁʼāō		MM		n	sore with pus, a festering sore.
ǁk'ārē	ǁʼārē	ǁk'ārēnā	MM		v	to be tender (typically, of meat or ǃ'ūm̄-ǀ'ìn, Cucumis kalahariensis).
ǁk'árī	ǁʼárī	ǁk'áryā	HM		v	to let something pop out (e.g. to squeeze out a splinter along with any pus).
ǁk'āū	ǁʼāū		MM		n	fish.
ǁk'ōē ('ò)	ǁʼōē (-ʔò)		MML		n	the hole of the base wood of the firesticks.
ǁk'ōō	ǁʼōō	ǁk'ōrō	MM		v	to become warm, to be warm.
ǁk'ōrē	ǁʼōrē		MM		n	sp. plant (Brachystelma sp.). (its roots are edible).
ǁk'úā	ǁʼúā		HM		n	poison applied on arrow heads. Made from the body fluid of a larva (of the Chrysomelid Beetle (Diamphidia simplex)), sometimes mixed with the poison of a bee/spider. The beetle is called ǁk'úā-ǁàmà.
ǁk'úì	ǁʼúì	ǁk'ūyā	HL		v	to cough.
ǁk'úrú	ǁʼúrú		HH		n	nest of Cape penduline tit (aka southern penduline-tit) (Anthoscopus minutus). Its spongy material is used as kindling.
ǁk'úrúdzérá	ǁʼúrú-dzérá		HHHH		n	Cape penduline tit, southern penduline-tit, Anthoscopus minutus.
ǃxáēn	ǃχáĩ̄	ǃxáyān	HM		v	to call out hai while herding cattle. pírí dzì ǃxáēn-ǀxàè. 'to herd goats while calling to them.'
ǁnān	ŋǁã̄		M	[ŋǁã̄]	dem	that (anaphoric). weak form of ǁnáān.
ǁná'énǁnà'èn	ŋǁá̰ĩ́-ŋǁà̰ĩ̀		HHLL	[ŋǁáˤĩ́-ŋǁàˤĩ̀]	v	to walk quickly with one's toes turned out.
ǁnà'mā	ŋǁà̰mā	ǁnà'mānā	LM	[ŋǁàˤmā]	v	to be mentally disordered.
ǁnà'n̄n	ŋǁà̰n̄		LM	[ŋǁàˤn̄]	n	Tsamma melon, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai.
ǁnà'n̄ndzérá	ŋǁà̰n̄-dzérá		LMHH	[ŋǁàˤn̄-dzérá]	n	sp. bird. yellow canary, Serinus flaviventris.
ǁnà'n̄nǁgám̄ǁàmà	ŋǁà̰n̄-ɡǁám̄-ǁàmà		LMHMLL	[ŋǁàˤn̄-ɡǁám̄-ǁàmà]	n	ground beetle. (classified as ǁàmà).
ǁnà'n̄nǁgám̄	ŋǁà̰n̄-ɡǁám̄		LMHM	[ŋǁàˤn̄-ɡǁám̄]	n	sp. plant (classified as ǀgáān).
ǁnà'n̄nǂqàbà	ŋǁà̰n̄-ǂqàbà		LMLL	[ŋǁàˤn̄-ǂqàbà]	n	sp. insect. (classified as ǀgèēn-nē).
ǁnà'nō	ŋǁà̰nū		LM	[ŋǁàˤnū]	n	monitor lizard. (loan from Naro?).
ǁnà'rù	ŋǁà̰rù	ǁnà'rwā	LL	[ŋǁàˤrù]	v	(of many people) to surround something (e.g. in a dance).
ǁnà'ū	ŋǁà̰ū		LM	[ŋǁàˤū]	n	the end of a rainfall; the rain caused by the edges of the cloud.
ǁnáà	ŋǁáà	ǁnāā	HL		v	to take something out (at random). (cf. ǀnáá.)
ǁnáàn	ŋǁáã̀		HL		n	horn. ǁqànè-ǁnàn 'tiny-horned (of baby male gemsbok)', tshíú-ǁnàn 'short-horned (of child male gemsbok)', ǂhónē-ǁnàn 'middle-horned (of young male gemsbok)'.
ǁnáànǀxàè	ŋǁáã̀-ǀχàè		HLLL		v	to cast an evil spell on, to witch. (etymology: ǁnáàn-ǀxàè 'horn-on').
ǁnáān	ŋǁáã̄		HM		dem	that (anaphoric). strong form of ǁnān. ǁnáān 'à. 'That's it.'
ǁnààn	ŋǁàã̀		LL		n	candle thorn (Acacia hebeclada DC. subsp. hebeclada). (classified as ìī).
ǁnààn	ŋǁàã̀		LL		n	herd of male eland, herd of male kudu.
ǁnààn	ŋǁàã̀	ǁnàān	LL		v	to light a big fire for the pit oven (in which one cooks large game animals or the head of a steenbok).
ǁnàān	ŋǁàã̄	ǁnànā; ǁnènā	LM		v	(whether intentionally or not) to duck; to avoid; to jump away; to go around; to deviate.
ǁnāān	ŋǁāã̄		MM		n	side; the side (e.g. the inside/outside of a hut wall).
ǁnábá	ŋǁábá	ǁnábā	HH		v	to plug a hole with small pieces of wood.
ǁnābē	ŋǁābē	ǁnābēnā	MM		v	to lose one's way. more used by Molapo-Gǁana speakers. (cf. ūā).
ǁnàbō	ŋǁàbō		LM		n	sandal; shoe.
ǁnàbōcāǂhāānǂhààn	ŋǁàbō-cā-ǂʰāã̄-ǂʰàã̀		LMMMMLL		n	sp. cockroach. (classified as ǁàmà).
ǁnàbōcāǂhóēǂhòè	ŋǁàbō-cā-ǂʰóē-ǂʰòè		LMMHMLL		n	sp. cockroach. (classified as ǁàmà).
ǁnábùǁnàbù	ŋǁábù-ŋǁàbù		HLLL		v	to shake, sway (a thing in a dog mouth).
ǁnáé	ŋǁáé	ǁnáē	HH		v	to count. ǁnáé-khōnā 'many'.
ǁnáè	ŋǁáè	ǁnāē	HL		v	to sing; to clap along while singing.
ǁnáē	ŋǁáē	ǁnárē	HM		v	to take revenge on behalf of; to get revenge for. 'àbì 'àm̀ cīāxō mà ǁnáē yā 'ēsà ǁx'áḿ. 'He punched her as revenge for his brother.'
ǁnàē	ŋǁàē	ǁnàrē	LM		v	to state; to mean.
ǁnāē	ŋǁāē	ǁnārē	MM		v	to tighten or fasten (one's belt).
ǁnáēǁnàè	ŋǁáē-ŋǁàè		HMLL		v	to advise, to train, to teach appropriate manners of (traditional skills and knowledge). ǁgóō-kò bì cíā ǃqàē sì kà ǁnáē-ǁnàè. 'An elder man advised me about hunting (e.g. relevant taboos).'
ǁnàì	ŋǁàì	ǁnàyā	LL		v	to jump.
ǁnàī	ŋǁàī		LM		n	rufous-cheeked nightjar, Caprimulgus rufigena. (not afraid of men while sitting on eggs) (rarely but sometimes eaten by children) (It cries before the rainy season when the grass is still wet, and people do not set the grass on fire when they have heard the bird cry).
ǁnàìǁnàì	ŋǁàì-ŋǁàì		LLLL		v	to walk with a swing of horns.
ǁnáḿ	ŋǁáḿ	ǁnámā	HH		v	to sharpen the blade of a digging stick (or the edge/point of a bone arrowhead) with a knife.
ǁnàm̀	ŋǁàm̀	ǁnàmā	LL		v	to be flat-shaped (of a beak).
ǁnàm̄	ŋǁàm̄	ǁnàmā	LM		v	to strike back, to counterattack (of game animals).
ǁnàm̀ǁnàm̀	ŋǁàm̀-ŋǁàm̀		LLLL		v	(women) to turn around and around (a hut).
ǁnámē	ŋǁámī		HM		n	ground pangolin, Phataginus temminckii (its walk is considered to be funny).
ǁnáńnǁnàǹn	ŋǁáń-ŋǁàǹ		HHLL		v	to run (of eland).
ǁnánà	ŋǁánà		HL		n	the black and white down growing in a arched shape on the head of Eupodotis afra (Southern Black Korhaan); the notch of a bow.
ǁnáné'ò	ŋǁání-ʔò		HHL		n	the boundary between the buttock and the upper back thigh.
ǁnáò	ŋǁáò	ǁnāō	HL		v	to be old (of people or things) .
ǁnàō	ŋǁàō		LM		n	one of the four seasons, the hot, rainy season which lasts from December to January. (cf. kámá, bàrā, sáō, ǃhóó).
ǁnárò	ŋǁárò	ǁnārō	HL		v	to carry something on the shoulder with a stick.
ǁnárū	ŋǁárū	ǁnárwā	HM		v	to fry. (loan)
ǁnàrūgū	ŋǁàrū-ɡū		LMM		n	Orion's Belt.
ǁnáū	ŋǁáū		HM		n	Cape ground squirrel (Xerus inauris).
ǁnàū	ŋǁàū		LM		n	sheet of leather used for wrapping; blanket.
ǁnáōn	ŋǁáũ̄		HM		adv	afterwards; later.
ǁnáōn	ŋǁáũ̄	ǁnáwān	HM		v	to feel faint (to feel that one's eyes are deep-set because of fatigue).
ǁnàwà	ŋǁàwà		LL		interj	Yes; you are right (i.e. what the other person has said is right). (relatively impolite style).
ǃxám̀	ǃχám̀	ǃxāmā	HL		v	to boil gently, to simmer (e.g. porridge, melon) gently. ǃxám̀-sī 'to become densely cloudy'. cúú-khóò dzì ǃxám̀-sī. 'Clouds became dense.' (loan from Naro).
ǁnhá'mè	ǁhá̰mì		HL	[ǁháˤmì]	n	whip.
ǁnhá'ò	ǁhá̰ò	ǁnhā'ō	HL	[ǁháˤò]	v	to splash (e.g. water) with the hand, to sprinkle (seeds, grains) with the hand.
ǁnhá'ū	ǁhá̰ū		HM	[ǁháˤū]	n	shuttlecock rod (for play); stirring whisk; steering assembly, i.e. steering column with wheel (of car). (cf. dzènè)
ǁnháā	ǁháā	ǁnhárā; ǁnhérā	HM		v	to cleanly cut out the anus and extracting the intestines with it to prevent contamination with feces (a step in the process of field dressing the prey). (cf. ǁqgúī).
ǁnhàà	ǁhàà		LL		n	sp. plant (Hermandia tomentosa) (sometimes smoked with marijuana, with no effect) (used as a medicine for a skin disease).
ǁnháān	ǁháã̄	ǁnhánā; ǁnhénā	HM		v	to smell rancid, to smell bad (of old oil or fat).
ǁnhábé	ǁhábé	ǁnhábē	HH		v	to carry something quietly/gently on the palms.
ǁnháēn	ǁháĩ̄	ǁnháyān	HM		v	(transitive) to throw something long (e.g. a spear) in a straight line.
ǁnháēn	ǁháĩ̄	ǁnháyān	HM		v	(intransitive) for the shadow to grow longer.
ǁnhám̄	ǁhám̄		HM		adv	over there; in the place over something. (used with dá (direction) or independently modifying céé, ǁóé, ǂnóón, háān, etc.). ǃóò sì kà ǁnhám̄. 'Over the pan.'
ǁnháḿǁnhàm̀	ǁháḿ-ǁhàm̀		HHLL		v	to sprinkle water on a leather or anywhere.
ǁnhàǹn	ǁhàǹ	ǁnhànā	LL		v	to put something in the center of something else surrounding it. 'àbì xúm̄ dzì kà ǃnúū mà ǁnhàǹn. 'He shoveled sand around the hut.'
ǁnhárò	ǁhárò	ǁnhārō	HL		v	to pick up (something unpleasant) with a stick.
ǁnháū	ǁháū	ǁnháwā	HM		v	to copulate (of animals, spontaneously, without human intervention).
ǁnhòò	ǁhòò	ǁnhòō	LL		v	to remove part of something that is slightly rotten (wood, skin, fur) with the hand.
ǁnhōrē	ǁhōrē	ǁnhōrēnā	MM		v	to mock.
ǁnhórō	ǁhórō	ǁnhórōnā	HM		v	to climb up and drop, to climb up and down.
ǁnhòrò	ǁhòrò		LL		n	whirlwind.
ǁnhùà	ǁhùà	ǁnhùā	LL		v	to tear the arm or front leg off of a game animal, to forcefully pull off an arm or front leg.
ǁnhùāǁnhùà	ǁhùā-ǁhùà		LMLL		v	(a Chinese cinereous vulture) to flap.
ǁnhòān	ǁhùã̄		LM		n	stick-insect (classified as ǂēmē).
ǁnhúm̀	ǁhúm̀	ǁnhōmā	HL	[ǁhúᵊm̀]	v	to suck with a straw.
ǁnhúm̀	ǁhúm̀	ǁnhōmā	HL	[ǁhúᵊm̀]	v	to twist to make a thin twine. (Two such twines are twisted together to make a rope).
ǁnhúm̀ǁnhúm̀	ǁhúm̀-ǁhúm̀		HLHL	[ǁhúᵊm̀-ǁhúᵊm̀]	v	to make a noise (of a bull-roarer).
ǁnhúrí	ǁhúrí	ǁnhúryā	HH		v	to hiccup (considered to be caused by food contamination, and to be bad for the body, especially for the chest). (Gǁana: ǀ'úrí).
ǁnhúrū	ǁhúrū	ǁnhúrwā	HM		v	to undress, to take off one's clothes. (not used for taking off shoes/hats).
ǁnhóón	ǁhúṹ		HH		n	the day before yesterday, (always used in ǁnhóón ǀáḿ and ǁnhóón dyì m̀ ǀáḿ m̀ kà which means yesterday).
ǁnhóōn	ǁhúũ̄	ǁnhówān; ǁnhóān	HM		v	to stretch to see into the distance; to gaze into the distance by straightening up one's back. (cf. cúrū).
ǁnhòònǁq'ò	ǁhùũ̀-ǁqʼò		LLL		v	to slurp up (the bone marrow). (rare, obsolete).
ǁnóē	ŋǁóē		HM		n	the moon; snail. (the way which it crawls out of the shell is compared to the waxing and waning of the Moon). When children see a snail, they must hide their navels, otherwise, it is thought that their navels will turn into protruding navels.
ǁnóéǁnòrè	ŋǁóé-ŋǁòrè		HHLL		v	(for a dog biting the game) to hold and shake it.
ǁnóó	ŋǁóó	ǁnóō	HH		v	to make the sound of rain falling.
ǁnóò	ŋǁóò	ǁnōō	HL		v	to swerve, go off course; to change direction unexpectedly.
ǁnòō	ŋǁòō		LM		n	quiver.
ǁnòōbā	ŋǁòō-bā		LMM		n	name of a woman.
ǁnóòrī	ŋǁóò-rī		HLM		n	grandchild. ǁnóòrī-sī 'the grandchild of someone other than the speaker.' 'àbì 'ēsà ǁnóòryā-hā. 'She is a grandchild to him.' (Gǁana: ǁnóòrì).
ǁnórè	ŋǁórè	ǁnōrē	HL		v	(transitive) to arc around something/someone (e.g. in order to pass by him/her/it). ǁnórè-sī '(intransitive) to lie arcing around something (e.g. a fire)'. (cf. ǁnōrē-sì).
ǁnòrē'ò	ŋǁòrē-ʔò		LML		n	the space below; the space beneath an object (e.g. car) or below an arc.
ǁnōrēsì	ŋǁōrē-sì		MML		v	(intransitive) to lie arcing around something (e.g. a fire). variant of ǁnórè-sī.
ǁnú'bà	ŋǁṵ́bà		HL	[ŋǁúᵊˤbà]	n	type of vegetation with Kalahari apple-leaf trees (Lonchocarpus nelsii (Schinz) Schinz ex. Heering) growing in profusion.
ǁnú'bí	ŋǁṵ́bí	ǁnú'byā	HH	[ŋǁúᵊˤbí]	v	to be grown (of edible underground stem of plants).
ǁnù'm̄	ŋǁṵ̀m̄	ǁnù'mā	LM	[ŋǁùᵊˤm̄]	v	to carry many things with vines (e.g. tsama melons or ǃ'ūm̄-ǀ'ìn, Cucumis kalahariensis with vines) by hanging them with one's hands.
ǁnù'ù	ŋǁṵ̀ù	ǁnù'wā; ǁnù'ā	LL	[ŋǁùˤù]	v	to be ugly-shaped (curved).
ǁnú'ōn	ŋǁṵ́ũ̄	ǁnú'wān; ǁnú'ān	HM	[ŋǁúᵊˤũ̄]	v	to gather in one location (e.g. tsamma melons) khóè bì hā-cì ǁnà'n̄n dzì ǁnú'ūn.
ǁnúá	ŋǁúá		HH		n	stone (suggesting men's genitals, thus avoided by women in front of men).
ǁnúà	ŋǁúà	ǁnūā	HL		v	to finish off the life of something that has grown feeble. (e.g. to kill a weakened bird by throwing pieces of wood and stones at it).
ǁnúā	ŋǁúā	ǁnúrā	HM		v (taste)	to taste and smell bad (of Leopard Tortoise (Geochelone pardalis) meat).
ǁnùā	ŋǁùā	ǁnùrā	LM		v	to grill a slice of meat over the fire.
ǁnùā	ŋǁùā	ǁnùrā	LM		v	to hang a blanket on a tree.
ǁnùbū	ŋǁùbū	ǁnùbwā	LM		v	to shake something (fluid) until it foams.
ǁnúì	ŋǁúì		HL		n	oil and fat (either fluid or solid).
ǁnúī	ŋǁúī	ǁnúyā	HM		v	to slither, leaving undulating tracks (of snake). cèrè ǀnēn ǀx'áō m̀ ǁnúī-dyíò mà móòn. 'I just found undulating tracks of a snake.'
ǁnúìǂēmē	ŋǁúì-ǂīmī		HLMM		n	sp. grasshopper (classified as ǂēmē).
ǁnùm̀	ŋǁùm̀	ǁnòmā	LL	[ŋǁùᵊm̀]	v	to growl (intransitive) (e.g. a lion, an ostrich, a man). xám̄ bì cì ǁnùm̀. 'The lion is growling.' ǀgèrō bì cì ǁnùm̀. 'The ostrich is growling.'
ǁnùm̄	ŋǁùm̄		LM	[ŋǁùᵊm̄]	n	cloudy weather; the shadow cast by the cloud.
ǁnùm̄	ŋǁùm̄	ǁnòmā	LM	[ŋǁùᵊm̄]	v	(for shade) to be created because of the cloud.
ǁnómà	ŋǁúmà	ǁnōmā	HL		v	to run with an arrow stuck in the body (of a game animal).
ǁnònō	ŋǁùnū	ǁnònwā	LM		v	to run around; to turn round and round; to prowl; to stir (e.g. tea). (loan from Naro).
ǁnúrí	ŋǁúrí	ǁnúryā	HH		v	to sit restlessly (e.g. looking around and half-rising to one's feet).
ǁnúū	ŋǁúū	ǁnúwā; ǁnúā	HM		v	to accompany someone; to go with someone; to see someone off.
ǁnūū	ŋǁūū		MM		n	sp. plant (Walleria sp.). (edible. steam-baked).
ǃxáǹn	ǃχáǹ	ǃxānā	HL		v	to go across. dyíò mà ǃxáǹn. 'to go across the road.' (Gǁana: k'ârē).
ǁóbè	ǁóbè	ǁōbē	HL		v	to be curved-horned (with curved horns) (of Wildebeast). (Usually used in the compound, ǁóbè-ǁnà(ã)).
ǁóé	ǁóé	ǁóē	HH		v	to lie down. ǁóē-xò 'to lay'.
ǁòè	ǁòè	ǁòē	LL		v	to feed a little before the meal; to let someone eat a little without waiting for the meal to start.
ǁóèǁòè	ǁóè-ǁòè		HLLL		v	to cry out; to sceam and clap hands in order to chase away dangerous animals.
ǁóò	ǁóò	ǁōō	HL		v	to stroke (someone in pain)(with warmed hands); to dab gently at a scar/swollen part; to apply a hot compress.
ǁòò	ǁòò	ǁòō	LL		v	to sweep; to brush off (dust). (cf. ǁxáī).
ǁóórī	ǁóó-rī		HHM		n	knee. (Gǁana: ǁóé).
ǁóré	ǁóré		HH		n	greenbottle fly. (classified as ǀgèēn-nē).
ǁórō	ǁórō	ǁórōnā	HM		v	to stink.
ǁòrò	ǁòrò	ǁòrō	LL		v	to kneel.
ǁòrō	ǁòrō		LM		n	sp. plant (unidentified) (edible).
ǃxānā	ǃχānā		MM		n	grave (hole).
ǃxānē	ǃχānī		MM		n	name of plant.
ǁq'áá	ǁqʼáá		HH		adv	with one's heels up (i.e. squatting). (Used in the phrase ǃháē-ǁq'áá-sī ǂnòèn).
ǁq'ábē	ǁqʼábē	ǁq'ábēnā	HM		v	(man) to sneak, to walk stealthily; to walk without making a sound.
ǁq'ābē	ǁqʼābē		MM		n	pair of ribs at the bottom of the rib cage, floating ribs. (The meat around which is only eaten by the elders).
ǁq'ám̄	ǁqʼám̄	ǁq'ámā	HM		v	to pound nuts (e.g. Grewia flava DC., Grewia retinervis Burret) with animal fat (and make them into a paste).
ǁq'ánàìī	ǁqʼánà-ìī		HLLM		n	drying pole for meat; beam.
ǁq'ārē	ǁqʼārē		MM		n	the root of an edible plant called ǁq'áà-bèrè, which is eaten fresh and is also used as a medicine.
ǁq'áū	ǁqʼáū		HM		n	large animal trail (e.g. of gemsbok).
ǁq'áūǀnūn	ǁqʼáū-ŋǀũ̄		HMM		n	place name (a dried ancient lake).
ǁq'úm̄'ò	ǁqʼúm̄-ʔò		HML		n	place with growth of grass.
ǁq'ómā	ǁqʼúmā		HM		n	the fresh flesh of melons (tsamma melon, gemsbok cucumber). (cf. ǂqàbà 'boiled flesh of melons').
ǁq'úrī	ǁqʼúrī	ǁq'úryā	HM		v	to peel off without using a knife (e.g. cooked gemsbok cucumber); to remove the skin of a fresh fruit, such as, the fruit of shepherd's tree.
ǃxānē	ǃχānī	ǃxānyā	MM		v	to ruminate, to chew the cud. to chew well (of human, metaphorically). (Gǁana: xânē, ǃxânē).
ǁqáā	ǁqáā		HM		n	dry sand.
ǁqáā	ǁqáā	ǁqárā; ǁqérā	HM		v	to become dry (of sand).
ǁqāāǁqābā	ǁqāā-ǁqābā		MMMM		v	to be unable to do, to mistake, to fail.
ǁqàbā	ǁqàbā		LM		n	thick branch from the tree trunk. used as the second element in compound nouns with the name of a tree. ǁàm̀ts'ā-ǁqàbā 'thick branch of Kalahari apple-leaf.' ǂxáí-ǁqààǁqàbà-ǀ'ōōn 'lower eyelash'. (cf. ǁ'ù'mā, ǃx'óān, ǃàò, ǀ'à'm̀).
ǁqàbā	ǁqàbā		LM		n	radial rays (of the sun), used in the compound ǀáḿ-ǁqàbā.
ǁqábē	ǁqábē	ǁqábēnā	HM		v	to glint (e.g. of eyes of animals in the dark).
ǁqábū	ǁqábū		HM		n	extreme heat. ǃgáēn khùrà dyì kà ǁqábū sà/mà. 'The heat of the couple of steenbok stars. (The stars named ǃgáēn khùrà dyì. 'A couple of steenboks' are seen in the hottest season).'
ǁqàè	ǁqàè	ǁqàē	LL		v	to grate; to grind down (using the side of a stick), e.g. to grate a root of bíī, i.e. Raphionacme burkei; to scrape something with a chisel-like tool.
ǁqáī	ǁqáī		HM		n	the corner of an axe blade.
ǁqáī	ǁqáī	ǁqáyā	HM		v	to sniff out, to try to catch a scent on the wind (e.g. a hound in a hunt for bat-eared fox).
ǁqàì	ǁqàì		LL		n	long rain (enough to make puddles; comes from the North): a cloud bringing such a rain.
ǁqāī	ǁqāī	ǁqāyā	MM		v	to go far in length, depth, or height (dynamic). (cf. kx'áí (stative) 'to be far in length, depth, or height').
ǁqám̄	ǁqám̄	ǁqámā	HM		v	to cut a beautiful, long straight tree or branch to use as a tool material; to dig a big, long straight tuber (e.g. ǃ'ūm̄-ǀ'ìn, Cucumis kalahariensis).
ǁqàm̀ǁqàm̄	ǁqàm̀-ǁqàm̄		LLLM		v	to continue to rain in torrents.
ǁqám̀ǁqām̄	ǁqám̀ǁqām̄		HLMM		v	to drip (of water, blood, etc.) 'àm̀ ǂūī sì kà ǀ'áò sì cì ǁqám̀ǁqām̄. 'Blood is dripping through his nose.'
ǁqámàǁqámà	ǁqámà-ǁqámà		HLHL		v	to be tall and long-legged.
ǁqánē	ǁqánī		HM		n	Kalahari raisin (Kalahari sand raisin), Grewia retinervis Burret. (classified as ìī).
ǁqànè	ǁqànì		LL		n	blade thorn, Acacia fleckii Schinz. (classified as ìī).
ǁqánē cā ǁxáú (sà)	ǁqánī cā ǁχáú (sà)		HMMHHL		n	place name.
ǁqànō	ǁqànū	ǁqànwā	LM		v	to grasp with sticks; to hold between the index and middle fingers.
ǁqáò	ǁqáò	ǁqāō	HL		v	to be unable to do without; to miss; to be reluctant to separate.
ǁqàò	ǁqàò	ǁqàō	LL		v	to go far seeking after something (food or object) (knowing it through hearsay).
ǁqārā	ǁqārā	ǁqārānā	MM		v	to be caught in or by something (by accident).
ǁqārāxòbā	ǁqārā-χò-bā		MMLM		n	sp. grasshopper. (classified as ǂēmē). (Gǁana: ǁqârā-gàgā).
ǁqárī	ǁqárī	ǁqáryā	HM		v	(for the roof) to leak.
ǁqàrò	ǁqàrò	ǁqàrō	LL		v	to hang a piece of meat on a tree to dry; to draw a bow with the index and middle fingers. cèē mà ǁqàrò. 'Draw a bow with the two fingers.'
ǁqárú	ǁqárú		HH		n	Lycaon pictus.
ǁqárú	ǁqárú		HH		n	sp. medicinal tree. (classified as ìī).
ǁqáū	ǁqáū		HM		n	evening twilight (the time after the sunset when you can still see things around you).
ǁqàū	ǁqàū		LM		n	bitter chill, freezing cold; cold morning mist (which sometimes produces a mirage e.g. of a non-existent tree).
ǁqáūbā	ǁqáū-bā		HMM		n	sp. bird (raptor). (Greater kestrel?) (aka ǀūū-ǃ'áàn-ǂnóānxò 'lit. to put game-body near'). (Gǁana: ǂqáúbā).
ǁqàùcāǁqàbā	ǁqàù-cā-ǁqàbā		LLMLM		n	Devil's claw, Harpagophytum procumbens (aka grapple plant, wood spider).
ǁqáònǁqáòn	ǁqáũ̀-ǁqáũ̀		HLHL		v	to be sharp; to be brand new.
ǁqáwá	ǁqáwá	ǁqáwā	HH		v	to become hard and dry. ǀxáā sì ǁqáwā-hā. 'The meat has become hard and dry.'
ǁqáwá	ǁqáwá	ǁqáwā	HH		v	to become still, to stop (of wind). ǂ'áán sì ǁqáwá. 'The wind stopped.'
ǁqáwáǁàmà	ǁqáwá-ǁàmà		HHLL		n	sp. beetle which displays thanatosis (feigning death). (classified as ǁàmà).
ǃxán̄n	ǃχán̄	ǃxánā	HM		v	to sew. (Traditional sewing —to sew with the thread made of tendons, piercing a animal hide with an eyeleteer — is a male job. People do not sew when a family member is sick). (Gǁana: xán̄n).
ǁqháà	ǁqʰáà	ǁqhāā	HL		v	to spread something (that is horizontally expandable).
ǁqháán	ǁqʰáã́	ǁqháān	HH		v	to be pathetically thin (e.g. of a person whose neck looks thin after an illness).
ǁqhábāsì	ǁqʰábā-sì		HML		v	to be dying of old age; to be so skinny as to be near death. (Root is rarely used on its own as a transitive).
ǁqhábé	ǁqʰábé	ǁqhábē	HH		v	to brush against something while passing by, to gently hit or make contact with something while passing by. cèrè tááflè mà ǁqhábé. 'I brushed against a table while passing by.'
ǁqhábè	ǁqʰábè	ǁqhābē	HL		v	to walk heavily (of a big animal or man).
ǁqhám̀	ǁqʰám̀		HL		n	spider silk. (used for lining the resonating cavity of a kalimba).
ǁqháḿsī	ǁqʰáḿ-sī		HHM		adv	in a narrow space (e.g. standing or sitting in a narrow space). 'àrì chū ǁqháḿ-sī ǂnòèn yā ǀnēn ǂnóōn kà cíán xò háān. 'They were sitting in a narrow space but are now in a different place.'
ǁqháū	ǁqʰáū	ǁqháwā	HM		v	to have stitches (pain) in one's side (transitive) (usually used in the passive). (cf. thàbī).
ǁqháū	ǁqʰáū	ǁqháwā	HM		v	to let someone step on one's knee or back to climb up something.
ǁqháyō	ǁqʰájō	ǁqháyōnā	HM		v	to laugh loudly. (often done by females).
ǁqhúà	ǁqʰúà	ǁqhūā	HL		v	to spread something symmetrically (e.g. legs, books), to split something (e.g. the head of an animal to stew it).
ǁqhúbā	ǁqʰúbā	ǁqhúbānā	HM		v	to trip and fall; to stumble and fall.
ǁqhúūǁqhùù (sī)	ǁqʰúū-ǁqʰùù (-sī)		HMLLM		v	to walk with a stoop because of a pain in one's side.
ǃxánō'ò	ǃχánū-ʔò		HML		n	the inside of a mouth (palate, both hard/soft areas). (Gǁana: xánō-'ò).
ǁqōǁqōbō	ǁqō-ǁqōbō		MMM		v	to be long-faced like a horse.
ǁqòbē	ǁqòbē	ǁqòbēnā	LM		v	to scoop (water or watery food).
ǁqóō	ǁqóō	ǁqórō	HM		v	to be (standing or sitting) with one's back straight; to carry a long thing on one's back.
ǁqórē	ǁqórē		HM		n	nail, claw. tshéū-ǁqórē 'fingernail'. ǃnàrè-ǁqórē 'toenail'. (cf. dzèrō).
ǁqóró	ǁqóró	ǁqórō	HH		v	to have a narrow cavity inside.
ǁqòrò	ǁqòrò	ǁqòrō	LL		v	to sit on one's knees. (cf. ǃù'm̀).
ǃxàràkà	ǃχàrà-kà		LLL		adv	separately; in parallel.
ǁqúm̀	ǁqúm̀	ǁqōmā	HL		v	to take the legs of a big birds by tearing them apart. ǃgàī mà ǁqúm̀. 'to take the legs of a red-crested korhaan by tearing them apart.'
ǁqùm̄	ǁqùm̄	ǁqòmā	LM	[ǁqùᵊm̄]	v	to pound moist foods such as fresh wild vegetable (with distinct sound).
ǁqūm̄	ǁqūm̄		MM	[ǁqūᵊm̄]	n	sp. grass (unidentified). (Spread under the mother when delivering a baby). (classifed as ǀgáān).
ǁqùm̀ts'ī'ò	ǁqùm̀-tsʼī-ʔò		LLML	[ǁqùᵊm̀-tsʼī-ʔò]	n	the hollow of the knee.
ǁqónō	ǁqúnū	ǁqónwā	HM		v	to smell like the fart of a Honey badger (Mellivora capensis).
ǁqúrì	ǁqúrì	ǁqūryā	HL		v	to deceive; to cheat; to fool; to hide something valuable from others; to have a private talk (implying cautiousness, discreetness).
ǁqúrī	ǁqúrī	ǁqúryā	HM		v	(transitive) to treat a person by blood-letting (with a razor). 'àbì 'esa ǁqúrī. 'He treated her by blood-letting.' (Gǁana: ǀórè).
ǁqúù	ǁqúù		HL		n	sp. plant (blooms in November) (unidentified).
ǁqùù	ǁqùù	ǁqùwā; ǁqùā	LL		v	to have the odor of something slightly decomposed (fermented, spoiled); (meat) to smell ripe.
ǁqóòn	ǁqúũ̀	ǁqōwān; ǁqōān	HL		v	to wring out water (e.g. of grated Raphionacme burkei N. E. Br. ); to drain water (through a strainer).
ǁú'àǁù'rī	ǁṵ́à-ǁṵ̀rī		HLLM	[ǁúˤà-ǁùᵊˤlī]	n	sp. large beetle (unidentified). (classified as ǁàmà).
ǁù'bà	ǁṵ̀bà	ǁù'bā	LL	[ǁùᵊˤbà]	v	to walk in the rain. 'ītsèè kì cúú mà ǁù'bà. 'We walked through the rain today.'
ǁúà	ǁúà	ǁūā	HL		v	to close (e.g. to put the lid on a pot). (loan from Naro?)
ǁúā	ǁúā	ǁúrā	HM		v	to deny someone the existence of something; to answer that there is not the thing being required. (ditransitive). 'àbì kì cíā súú-kùrì sà ǁúā. 'He denied me the exisitance of his sugar.' (passive: cèrè kì súúkùrì sà ('àm̀ kà) ǁúā-'è. 'I was denied the existance of his sugar by him').
ǁóān	ǁúã̄	ǁónā	HM		v	to descend, to move downward, to climb down (e.g. someone climed up to a high point); to go down; to come off (e.g. clothes/shoes). (intransitive). ǁóān-xò
ǁóānxò	ǁúã̄-χò		HML		v	to take off (e.g. clothes); to separate, remove. (transitive).
ǁúbā	ǁúbā	ǁúbānā	HM		v	to give birth, bear a child (of human). (synonym: 'ábà 'give birth' (generic); ǁàm̄ 'give birth (of animal)'). ǁúbā-ǃnúū 'hut for childbirth.' 'ēsì ǁúbā-ǃnúū m̀ 'ò wà háān. 'She is in the hut for childbirth.'
ǁùbā	ǁùbā	ǁùbānā	LM		v	to lay something face down. (e.g. a vessel) (transitive).
ǁùī	ǁùī		LM		n	song sung by adult males. (cf. ǃnhórō-xà).
ǁòèn	ǁùĩ̀	ǁòyān	LL		v	to be laid down; to be lying down.
ǁùm̀	ǁùm̀	ǁòmā	LL	[ǁùᵊm̀]	v	to be short (in height or length); shallow.
ǁùm̄	ǁùm̄	ǁòmā	LM	[ǁùᵊm̄]	v	to go search for and collect; to collect and bundle up; to gather up in one place. (loan from Naro?)
ǁúm̀sī	ǁúm̀-sī		HLM	[ǁúᵊm̀-sī]	adv	(sitting) in a crouch.
ǁúm̀sī	ǁúm̀-sī		HLM	[ǁúᵊm̀-sī]	v	to crouch. (cf. ǁgóbè (ǁgōbē-ǂnòèn)).
ǁōmā'ō	ǁūmā-ʔō		MMM		v	to mix together things that are different; to put together things (e.g. beads) that are different in color/pattern alternately; to do patchwork.
ǁún̄nǁūn̄n	ǁún̄-ǁūn̄		HMMM	[ǁúᵊn̄-ǁūᵊn̄]	n	sp. grasshopper. (classified as ǂēmē).
ǁùrī	ǁùrī	ǁùryā	LM		v	to follow; to succeed; to be born next to.
ǁúū	ǁúū	ǁúwā; ǁúā	HM		v	to swell up in red hue (e.g. from being beaten, a sunburn).
ǁūū	ǁūū		MM		n	antlion (larva). (classified as ǁàmà).
ǁóón	ǁúṹ		HH		n	tooth.
ǁōōn	ǁūũ̄		MM		n	parent.
ǁōōnǀùà	ǁūũ̄-ǀùà		MMLL		n	uncle and aunt (of parental same sex younger sibling). (cf. cīāǁū).
ǁx'áá	ǁqχʼáá	ǁx'áā	HH		v	to become the second wife/husband of someone who lost/left his/her wife/husband.
ǁx'áà	ǁqχʼáà	ǁx'āā	HL		v	(transitive) to wash.
ǁx'āāsì	ǁqχʼāā-sì		MML		v	to bathe. wash one's own body. (cf. ǁx'āā-tshéū 'to wash own hands').
ǁx'áàn	ǁqχʼáã̀	ǁx'āān	HL		v	to be full (of stomach), to be sated with food. (cf. tsx'úm̄).
ǁx'áē	ǁqχʼáē	ǁx'árē	HM		v	to meet; to join; to connect; to mix; to relate. (intransitive). ǃnáé ǁx'áē 'to meet up.' (cf. sáō-ǁx'àè).
sáōǁx'àè	sáō-ǁqχʼàè		HMLL		v	to come later and meet.
ǁx'áī	ǁqχʼáī	ǁx'áyā	HM		v (taste)	to have a good taste and flavor common to grilled browned meat and parched caterpillar.
ǁx'āī	ǁqχʼāī	ǁx'āyā	MM		v	to be offended. (shown by frowning).
ǁx'áḿ	ǁqχʼáḿ	ǁx'ámā	HH		v	to beat, to hit, to punch (with a hand or a stick).
ǁx'ám̀	ǁqχʼám̀	ǁx'āmā	HL		v	to shudder; to be frightened, to be scared (with a surprised expression on one's face) (e.g. to be horrified imagining something behind).
ǁx'áǹn	ǁqχʼáǹ		HL		n	something that breaks easily; brittle thing, fragile thing.
ǁx'áǹn	ǁqχʼáǹ	ǁx'ānā	HL		v	to break, snap, chip easily. ǃàrà bì ǁx'áǹn-sī. 'The Ochna pulchra tree broke easily.'
ǁx'án̄n	ǁqχʼán̄	ǁx'ánā	HM		v	to share generously. màrī dzì ǁx'án̄n. 'to share money generously.'
ǁx'áō	ǁqχʼáō	ǁx'árō; ǁx'érō	HM		v	to cut with an axe; to crack with an axe.
ǁx'ārā	ǁqχʼārā	ǁx'ārānā	MM		v	to be consumed; to be exhausted; to finish. (intransitive). (loan from Naro?)
ǁx'árì	ǁqχʼárì		HL		n	scorpion.
ǁx'ārō	ǁqχʼārō	ǁx'ārōnā	MM		v	to be or become hard, to harden (of tsamma melons and gemsbok cucumbers); to be unexpectedly hard (of something which is expected to be soft).
ǁx'áòn	ǁqχʼáũ̀		HL		n	smell; scent.
ǁx'āōn	ǁqχʼāũ̄	ǁx'āwān	MM		v	to hate; to regard something as offensive.
ǁx'āwān	ǁqχʼāwã̄	ǁx'āwānnā	MM		v	to treat a person who had a nightmare by giving him/her a whiff of armpit sweat or a medicine called tsháán. (cf. ǃqgáḿ).
ǁx'àyàn	ǁqχʼàjã̀		LL		n	an edible plant (eaten fresh). (Huerniopsis decipiens N. E. Br.).
ǁx'óbè	ǁqχʼóbè	ǁx'ōbē	HL		v	to squeeze something with one's nails or claws (of birds).
ǁx'órē	ǁqχʼórē	ǁx'órēnā	HM		v	to warm up cold (cooked) truffle using hot sand; reheat leftover truffle.
ǁx'úà	ǁqχʼúà		HL		n	black thorn (Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth.). (producing edible resin).
ǁx'úbà	ǁqχʼúbà		HL		n	bird, sp. raptor (yellow billed kite?).
ǁx'úbī	ǁqχʼúbī	ǁx'úbyā	HM		v	to smoke someone to heal him/her.
ǁx'úbí	ǁqχʼúbí	ǁx'úbyā	HH		v	to smoke someone to heal him/her. (variant of ǁx'úbí).
ǁx'úì	ǁqχʼúì	ǁx'ūyā	HL		v	to smoke (e.g. an animal) out. (cf. ǁx'úbī).
ǁx'úī	ǁqχʼúī		HM		n	small knot or gnarl on a tree.
ǁx'úm̀	ǁqχʼúm̀	ǁx'ōmā	HL	[ǁqχʼúᵊm̀]	v	to pinch off the sprout of a bulb (e.g. of còōn Ledebouria sp.).
ǁx'úm̄	ǁqχʼúm̄	ǁx'ómā	HM	[ǁqχʼúᵊm̄]	v	to pound a stewed meat (using an old mortar with a thin, worn-out bottom, called ǁgóró, and an edged pestle, i.e. a pestle with a blade called qhòbò.)
ǁx'ónō	ǁqχʼúnū		HM		n	nose bone, bridge of the nose.
ǁx'úù	ǁqχʼúù	ǁx'ūwā; ǁx'ūā	HL		v	to fry, to cook with oil.
ǁx'úū	ǁqχʼúū	ǁx'úwā; ǁx'úā	HM		v	to still be young; to still be small; to be of small quantity.
ǁx'óón	ǁqχʼúṹ		HH		n	long-dead person. more used by Gǁana speakers.
ǁxā	ǁχā		M		dem	that (definite/specific). weak form of ǁxáā.
ǁxáà	ǁχáà	ǁxāā	HL		v	to be late morning (when the sun is high in the sky).
ǁxáā	ǁχáā		HM		dem	that (definite/specific). strong form of ǁxā.
ǁxáán	ǁχáã́	ǁxáān	HH		v	(man/animal) to go to a watering hole. (from a Naro word meaning to look for).
ǁxáàn	ǁχáã̀	ǁxāān	HL		v	to make a sound like knocking off small branches, breaking barks and leaves off. (e.g. of heavy rain).
ǁxábà	ǁχábà		HL		n	the upper center of the back; hump on the back (e.g. of an ox).
ǁxābī	ǁχābī	ǁxābyā	MM		v	to untie, unlace, unravel, undo.
ǁxābī	ǁχābī	ǁxābyā	MM		v	to depart, to leave, to start (going, walking, moving).
ǁxābū	ǁχābū	ǁxābwā	MM		v	to mix (e.g. the juice of a certain fruit) by spinning a three-pronged stick (twirler), making rythmical sounds.
ǁxábùǁxābū	ǁχábù-ǁχābū		HLMM		v	to eat up all hastely.
ǁxáé	ǁχáé	ǁxáē	HH		v	to brush by, to brush past; to lightly rub against something when going by.
ǁxáè	ǁχáè	ǁxāē	HL		v	to harrass, to bully, to tease, to annoy repeatedly and insistently; to mess with other's belongings. cúá cī kà ǃnáà dzì ǁxáè. 'Don't mess with my vessels.'
ǁxáī	ǁχáī	ǁxáyā	HM		v	to sweep (to clean up). (loan from Naro). (cf. ǁòò. also used for 'chase away').
ǁxāī	ǁχāī		MM		n	special type of large arrowhead.
ǁxāīsì	ǁχāī-sì		MML		v	to reduce speed, to slow down.
ǁxāīsì	ǁχāī-sì		MML		v	to pull away from other runners, to distance oneself from other runners. (cf. ǃàrō-xō).
ǁxáḿ	ǁχáḿ	ǁxámā	HH		v	to reduce the width. (of skirt, rug, etc.).
ǁxám̀	ǁχám̀	ǁxāmā	HL		v	to draw a line on the ground to signal one's next move when hunting.
ǁxám̄	ǁχám̄	ǁxámā	HM		v	to lead a large group of people or animals; to guide a group of young ones from the front, or herd them from the behind. ǀgèrō-ǀūā-gū sì kì 'ē sì ǁnóòrī xà dzì ǁxám̄. 'The ostrich led the young ones in tow.'
ǁxāmā	ǁχāmā		MM		n	red hartebeest, Alcelaphus caama.
ǁxāmāǂēmē	ǁχāmā-ǂīmī		MMMM		n	sp. grasshopper. (classified as ǂēmē).
ǁxámē	ǁχámī	ǁxámyā	HM		v	to run an engine.
ǁxáńnsì	ǁχáń-sì		HHL		v	to stand firmly, sit or lie down heavily, to stand up heavily. dyúù bì cì ǁxáńn-sì.
ǁxáńnsì	ǁχáń-sì		HHL		adv	'The eland stands firmly.' heavily, firmly (to stand firmly, sit or lie down heavily) with a thud (falling) (in the manner of something large and long falling down e.g. to fall into a bed with a thump). dyúù bì ǁxáńn-sī cèèn/ǂnòèn/ǁòèn. 'The eland is standing/sitting/lying firmly.'
ǁxáná	ǁχáná	ǁxánā	HH		v	to walk in single file, to line up and move through a single path (e.g. of a group of wildebeests).
ǁxánā	ǁχánā	ǁxánānā	HM		v	to hang a long thing (such as leg meat, strips of dried meat).
ǁxáó	ǁχáó	ǁxáō	HH		v	to scrape and clean/polish the surface of a dry object (e.g. with a knife with the blade at a right angle to the stick).
ǁxáò	ǁχáò	ǁxāō	HL		v	to shout loudly.
ǁxáō	ǁχáō		HM		n	spear; battle (always used in the feminine gender). ǁxáō sà ǃháē. 'Fight a battle (lit. stab with a spear) (The battle does not need to involve spears).' (cf. ǁnháēn).
ǁxāō	ǁχāō	ǁxārō; ǁxērō	MM		v	to be sleeping when left behind (typically of a young animal).
ǁxárá	ǁχárá		HH		n	the side; one side; one half the body; one or another direction. The cardinal directions (ǁxárá dzì.) are ǀáḿ sì ǂx'úā-'ò (dā). 'The east', ǀáḿ sì ǂhēē., ǂgéèn-dyōmā 'the north', i.e. the direction of Ghanzi, and ǀhéē-kánà-dyōmā 'the south'.
ǁxárā	ǁχárā	ǁxárānā	HM		v	to poke at the surface of the ground to look for something. (e.g. of a chicken).
ǁxārā	ǁχārā	ǁxārānā	MM		v	to make a sound or noise (of something invisible). 'ābā bì cì ǁxārā. 'The dog is making a noise.'
ǁxárē	ǁχárē	ǁxárēnā	HM		v	to look for something lightly buried in the sand. (loan from Naro).
ǁxárī	ǁχárī		HM		n	thorn bushes and branches for guiding animals into a trap.
ǁxárī	ǁχárī	ǁxáryā	HM		v	to lay down briars for guiding animals to the trap. (loan from Naro).
ǁxārī	ǁχārī		MM		n	poison container.
ǁxārī	ǁχārī		MM		n	woodland, grove, thicket. mainly consisting of thorny trees such as Acacia erubescens Welw. ex Oliv., and Acacia mellifera Vahl Benth.
ǁxárò	ǁχárò	ǁxārō	HL		v	to put many pieces of firewood on the fire.
ǁxáròsī	ǁχárò-sī		HLM		v	to be crowded in one place (of people).
ǁxáú	ǁχáú		HH		n	woodland, a type of forest consisting mainly of tall thorny trees.
ǁxāǁxárù	ǁχā-ǁχárù		MHL		v	to be hard, tense.
ǁxáòn	ǁχáũ̀	ǁxāwān	HL		v	to fence (a house, a goat field). to erect barriers (of thorn) to guide animals (e.g. steenboks, duikers and springboks) to a snare.
ǁxáwān	ǁχáwã̄	ǁxáwānnā	HM		v	to stiffen after death (of the body), to enter into a rigor mortis.
ǁxáyànǁxàyàn	ǁχájã̀-ǁχàjã̀		HLLL		v	to run (of jackal, thin animals).
ǁxóbē	ǁχóbē	ǁxóbēnā	HM		v	to open. (loan from Naro).
ǁxóè	ǁχóè	ǁxōē	HL		v	to grow up, to be adult.
ǁxóē (mà)	ǁχóē (mà)		HML		n	place name, name of a pan (i.e. dried lake bed).
ǁxóó	ǁχóó	ǁxóō	HH		v	to dry up; to wither (of a tree); to be dry (of something that is supposed to be moist, e.g. meat, grass, tree, leather, to dry up); to be frozen; to become silent. 'àbì ǀnēn ǁxóó yā ǂnóón. 'He sat with silence.' ǁxóō-ǁxòò-sī 'to keep silent (iterative reduplication of ǁxóó 'to become silent')' (cf. ǀ'óò 'to dry').
ǁxóò	ǁχóò	ǁxōō	HL		v	to gather something (e.g. nuts) into a heap. to heap up, pile up.
ǁxōō	ǁχōō	ǁxōrō	MM		v	to be untidy, disorganized (of a person). (cf. ǁxōō-kx'àrì 'unlucky in hunting because of bad manners / poor behaviour').
ǁxōōkx'àrì	ǁχōō-qχʼàrì		MMLL		v	to scratch; (of the sun) to appear through the clouds.
ǁxóóǁàmà	ǁχóó-ǁàmà		HHLL		n	weevil. Curculionidae (classified as ǁàmà).
ǁxórē	ǁχórē	ǁxórēnā	HM		v	to take (a hut) apart (into pieces). to open (a lid, a door, a hut, etc.).
ǁxórēkx'àm̀	ǁχórē-qχʼàm̀		HMLL		v	to open something (e.g. a lid, door).
ǁxórò	ǁχórò		HL		n	place name (pan name).
ǁxúà	ǁχúà	ǁxūā	HL		v	to become angry. (loan from Naro.) (cf. kùrū 'to be angry').
ǁxúbū	ǁχúbū	ǁxúbwā	HM		v	to make a hole (as in a tree) with the tip of a blade.
ǁxūī	ǁχūī	ǁxūyā	MM		v	to decline (an offer, etc.). (loan from Naro).
ǁxúm̀	ǁχúm̀		HL	[ǁχúᵊm̀]	n	river.
ǁxúm̀	ǁχúm̀	ǁxōmā	HL	[ǁχúᵊm̀]	v	to play happily, to frolic playfully (of children, or of infant animals).
ǁxúm̀ǁxùm̀	ǁχúm̀-ǁχùm̀		HLLL	[ǁχúᵊm̀-ǁχùᵊm̀]	v	to finish off/ kill by stabbing in again and again.
ǁxúńn	ǁχúń	ǁxónā	HH	[ǁχúᵊń]	v	to clean/brush/scrub the teeth with sand or ash. (loan from Naro)
ǁxónà	ǁχúnà		HL		n	name of a star. Canopus?
ǁxónō	ǁχúnū		HM		n	martial eagle, Polemaetus bellicosus.
ǁxúrā	ǁχúrā	ǁxúrānā	HM		v	to be muscular (neither fat nor skinny) (of human or animal).
ǁxúrí	ǁχúrí	ǁxúryā	HH		v	to pull out the spring-branch of a trap and run away dragging it (of a game animal).
ǁxúrū	ǁχúrū	ǁxúrwā	HM		v	to stink, to be malodorous (e.g. of feces, spoiled hides, a stinkbug).
ǁxūrū	ǁχūrū	ǁxūrwā	MM		v	to retrieve the long dried meat hanging outside to fold it up.
ǁxūrū'ò	ǁχūrū-ʔò		MML		n	the lower abdomen; hypogastrium (more used by Gǁana speakers). (synonym: ǂùù-ǃáó, ǀùā-'ò).
ǁxúū	ǁχúū		HM		n	common warthog, Phacochoerus aethiopicus.
ǁxóón	ǁχúṹ		HH		n	an arrow which is not yet poisoned.
ǁxóōn	ǁχúũ̄	ǁxówān; ǁxóān	HM		v	to put many pieces of long firewood on the hole for baking in a casserole. (cf. ǁnààn 'to light; ignite' ǁxárò 'to put many pieces of firewood on the fire').
ǁxóōn	ǁχúũ̄	ǁxówān; ǁxóān	HM		v	to build a small hut.
ǃxárì	ǃχárì	ǃxāryā	HL		v	to put things along the (inside) walls of a hut.
ǂ'ā(o)ǂ'ābō	ǂʔā(o)-ǂʔābō		MMM		v	to be flat-headed (of human).
ǂ'áà	ǂʔáà		HL		n	sp. grass used for the shaft of an arrow. (unidentified). (classifed as ǀgáān).
ǂ'áà	ǂʔáà		HL		n	full power. 'àbì ǂ'áà dzì kà 'àmà séè ǃáó. 'He threw him with all his might.'
ǂ'áā	ǂʔáā	ǂ'árā; ǂ'érā	HM		v	(intransitive) to hide. cèrè 'àmà ǂ'áā-kx'ì. 'to hide from him.' 'àbì ǂ'áā. 'àbì 'àmà ǂ'áā-kx'ì. (cf. ǂ'ébā).
ǂ'áán	ǂʔáã́		HH		n	wind; air.
ǂ'áán	ǂʔáã́	ǂ'áān	HH		v	to blow (of wind).
ǂ'āān	ǂʔāã̄		MM		adv	early in the moring; from long ago. (ǂ'āān khā is kx'áí-yà 'already'). cèrè 'ūsì ǂ'āān ǃóòn. 'I will go early in the morning tomorrow.' cèrè ǂ'āān khā 'ēsà ts'áwān-hā. 'I have already made it.'
ǂ'ám̀	ǂʔám̀		HL		n	grave, tomb.
ǂ'ám̀	ǂʔám̀		HL		n	the top (genitive) ǂ'ám̀-kx'àrà 'on the top of'. (synonym: ǂ'émà kà).
ǂ'ám̄	ǂʔám̄	ǂ'ámā	HM		v	(transitive) to fill (a hole); to have a sore throat; to lose one's voice. kùm̀ sà ǂ'ám̄. 'to fill a hole.' dyúm̀-ǀnà sì ǂ'ám̄-sì. 'The throat is (swellen and) blocked (i.e. sore throat).'
ǂ'àm̀	ǂʔàm̀		LL		suffix	attached to a limited set of words to derive verbs, e.g. kx'áò-ǂ'àm̀ 'to be careful', ǁgàē-ǂ'àm̀ 'to be careless, stupid'. often followed by -sī to derive adverbs such as kx'áò-ǂ'àm̀-sī 'carefully' and ǁgàē-ǂ'àm̀-sī 'carelessly'. (cf. ǃqáón, ǂ'ūū).
ǂ'ām̄'ò	ǂʔām̄-ʔò		MML		n	the top. the surface on the top. tsháā sì ǂ'ām̄-'ò. 'Surface of water.' ǂ'ám̀ kx'àrà. '【adv】 above; on the top.'
ǂ'áǹnǂ'áǹn	ǂʔáǹ-ǂʔáǹ		HLHL		v	to be clear; to speak slowly and beautifully; to speak slowly due to dryness in mouth; to lack moisture.
ǂ'án̄n	ǂʔán̄	ǂ'ánā	HM		v	to think; to like; to love; to want.
ǂ'ēkè	ǂʔē-kè		ML		interj	emphasis for question: on earth; in the world. variant of ǂ'ē-ǁàè.
ǂ'ēǁàè	ǂʔē-ǁàè		MLL		interj	emphasis for question: on earth; in the world.
ǂ'ébā	ǂʔébā	ǂ'ébānā	HM		v	(intransitive) to hide. (more used by Gǁana speakers). ǂ'ébā-kx'ì
ǂ'ébā	ǂʔébā	ǂ'ébānā	HM		v	to hide from. (cf. ǂ'áā).
ǂ'ébē	ǂʔébē	ǂ'ébēnā	HM		v	to sneak into a woman's place. ǁgáēkòsà ǂ'ébē (-ǀxàè).
ǂ'èbèrì	ǂʔèbè-rì		LLL		n	white-faced owl (Ptilopsis leucotis).
ǂ'éè	ǂʔéè	ǂ'ēē	HL		v	to cut the meat off (into parts). ǀxáā sà ǂ'éè (-'ō). 'to cut the meat off.' ǂ'éè-kx'ī 'to cut off a part of' kx'óō-xò mà ǂ'éè-ǀxāē. 'to cut off the surface of a large game meat.'
ǂ'ēē	ǂʔēē	ǂ'ērē	MM		v	to stick (e.g. plant seeds with small thorns); to follow around. ǂx'ārē-cà-ǀ'ún sì 'āān xò sì ǀxàè ǂ'ēē.
ǂ'émà kà	ǂʔémà kà		HLL		n	top. ǂ'émà kà. 'on the top of.' (synonym: ǂ'ám̀).
ǂ'èmà	ǂʔèmà	ǂ'èmā	LL		v	to stick, to attach ǂxáyán sà kóné sì ǀxàè ǂ'èmā-céēxò. 'to attach a piece of paper to the car.' (cf. ǂnhébā).
ǂ'énōsì	ǂʔénū-sì		HML		v	to jump. ǂēmē bì cì ǂ'énō-sì. 'A grasshopper jumps.'
ǂ'éró	ǂʔéró		HH		n	the core of something; something itself.
ǂ'éū	ǂʔéū	ǂ'éwā	HM		v	to stay still; to stay quiet. (loan from Naro).
ǂ'íí	ǂʔíí	ǂ'íyā; ǂ'íā	HH		v	to kick (e.g. a person, a ball). (cf. ǃáì).
ǂ'éēn	ǂʔíĩ̄		HM		n	pair of parts of a leather skirt.
ǂ'éēn	ǂʔíĩ̄	ǂ'éyān	HM		v	to build a mound around the entrance of the nest (of ants).
ǂ'írì	ǂʔírì	ǂ'īryā	HL		v	to neglect (intransitive); to pretend not to notice/hear; not to answer pretending not to hear; to overlook something (due to being focused on something else). 'àbì cíā ǂ'írì-kx'ī. 'He pretended not to hear me.' 'àbì cì ǂ'írì. 'He is pretending not to notice.'
ǂ'ìrìts'ī	ǂʔìrì-tsʼī		LLM		v	to be too hard to cut (of tough meat).
ǂ'óò	ǂʔóò		HL		n	sp. tree with coarse, granulated bark, leadwood (Combretum imberbe) (classified as ìī). (loan from Naro).
ǂ'óō	ǂʔóō	ǂ'órō	HM		v	to be thin, narrow; to be with no space between; (for a lot of trees) to be growing densely.
ǂ'óōrī	ǂʔóō-rī		HMM		n	sp. plant (Ximenia caffra).
ǂ'órè	ǂʔórè	ǂ'ōrē	HL		v	to carry something (back and forth repeatedly).
ǂ'ú'rī	ǂʔṵ́rī		HM	[ǂʔúᵊˤlī]	n	larynx; surface of Adam's apple; annular cartilage.
ǂ'ūā	ǂʔūā	ǂ'ūrā	MM		v	to ask; to ask for something. (ditransitive). cèrè 'àmà ǂ'óón-xò sà ǂ'ūā. 'I asked him for a food.' ǁ'ūm̄-'ò sà ǂ'ūā. 'to ask for a place to sleep in.'
ǂ'ūāǂ'ùà	ǂʔūā-ǂʔùà		MMLL		v	to ask a question of (someone). cèrè cì tsā ǂ'ūā-ǂ'ùà. 'I am asking you a question.'
ǂ'óánxō	ǂʔúã́-χō		HHM		v	to feed (e.g. a small child). (cf. <ǂ'óón 'eat'). (Gǁana: ǂ'óán-xò).
ǂ'úbà	ǂʔúbà	ǂ'ūbā	HL		v	to eat dry food making noise.
ǂ'úbī	ǂʔúbī		HM		n	an egg.
ǂ'ōēn	ǂʔūĩ̄	ǂ'ōyān	MM		v	(of foreskin) to become retracted over the glans penis.
ǂ'úm̄	ǂʔúm̄		HM	[ǂʔúᵊm̄]	n	sleep. (cf. ǁ'úm̀).
ǂ'úm̄ǂ'ùm̀	ǂʔúm̄-ǂʔùm̀		HMLL	[ǂʔúᵊm̄ǂʔùᵊm̀]	v	to make someone asleep, to use a traditional sleeping medicine to make someone asleep. 【idiom】 ǃgúī mà ǂ'úm̄-ǂ'ùm̀. 'to go see the trap on the next day (making the trap asleep one night).'
ǂ'úm̄ǂ'ùm̀	ǂʔúm̄-ǂʔùm̀		HMLL	[ǂʔúᵊm̄ǂʔùᵊm̀]	n	traditional sleeping medicine (taken from the surface of the sandy ground). ǂ'úm̄-ǂ'ùm̀ sì kà ǁ'úm̀ sà 'àmà tséé. 'to make him asleep by the sleeping medicine.'
ǂ'ómā	ǂʔúmā		HM		n	lump (of powder, flour, etc.). xúm̄-ǂ'ómā 'sand-lump'. ǁk'āēn-ǂ'ómā 'lump of curdled thick milk'.
ǂ'ónē'ò	ǂʔúnī-ʔò		HML		n	sideburns.
ǂ'úú	ǂʔúú		HH		n	color (cf. ǂnúú, ǃ'úú, ǀnùà, tsx'āē, dyáḿ-ǂ'úbī, ǂq'ūū-ǂq'ùù); 'pattern'.
ǂ'úù	ǂʔúù	ǂ'ūwā; ǂ'ūā	HL		v	to close the opening by puckering it up. khóè bì ǃōmā sà ǂ'úù. 'The man closed the opening of the hunting bag.'
ǂ'úùts'ī	ǂʔúù-tsʼī		HLM		n	the bottom of the hunting bag at which the quiver bottom is fixed, the bottom of a hunting bag which is tied and puckered up.
ǂ'ūū	ǂʔūū	ǂ'ūwā; ǂ'ūā	MM		v	to be stupid, careless.
ǂ'óón	ǂʔúṹ	ǂ'ówān; ǂ'óān	HH		v	to eat (generic). ǂ'óón-kx'áḿ
ǂ'óón	ǂʔúṹ		HH		n	heavy eater (character).
ǂ'óón	ǂʔúṹ	ǂ'ówān; ǂ'óān	HH		v	to eat non-meat (i.e. plants and insects). (cf. kx'óō 'to eat meat').
ǂ'óón	ǂʔúṹ		HH		n	big eater.
ǃxārī	ǃχārī		MM		n	liquor. (loan from Naro).
ǃxáró	ǃχáró	ǃxárō	HH		v	to patch with glue, to gum to fix the arrow point to a shaft.
ǂá'énǂá'én	ǂá̰ĩ́-ǂá̰ĩ́		HHHH	[ǂáˤĩ́-ǂáˤĩ́]	v	to be stuffed, packed to capacity without any indentation. (synonym: pà'īn-pà'īn).
ǂá'ràkx'áḿ (sì)	ǂá̰rà-qχʼáḿ (-sì)		HLHHL	[ǂáˤlà-qχʼáḿ (-sì)]	v	to squeeze the juice/water out of a plant with two hands to drink it. (ǂá'rà-kx'áḿ 'to let someone to drink'. ǂá'rà-kx'áḿ-sì 'onself').
ǂà'bī	ǂà̰bī	ǂà'byā	LM	[ǂàˤbī]	v	to big, sturdy, well-built.
ǂáà	ǂáà	ǂāā	HL		v	to fill a hole; to cover a hole; to patch up.
ǂàà	ǂàà		LL		n	expansive, lightly vegetated sandy landscape with firm soil, where ǃóò is not observed.
ǂààǀē	ǂàà-ǀē		LLM		n	place name, name of a pan (i.e. dried lake bed).
ǂāān	ǂāã̄	ǂānā; ǂēnā	MM		v	to enter (intransitive); to put something in (transitive). 'àbì ǀnēn ǃnúū m̀ wà ǂāān. 'He just entered the hut.' ǃnáà s̀ wà ǂ'óónxò sà ǂāān. 'to put food into a plate.' 'àbì dyíò mà ǂēnā-hā. 'He is going along the road.' cèrè há'é sì wà ǃgóò sa ǂāān-ǀxàè. 'I entered a burrow to search for an aardvark.' kx'áó mà ǂāān-'ò. 'to nock an arrow on a bow.' cúú sì ǃóò sà ǂāān-kx'ì 'The rain added water to the puddle.' ǂāān céé/ǂnóón/ǁóé/ǀx'áé 'giving up on keeping moving and come to standstill/sit down/lie down/fall.'
ǂáḿ	ǂáḿ	ǂámā	HH		v	to fold up, to bundle up.
ǂáḿ	ǂáḿ		HH		n	long and narrow bundle of dried meat.
ǂàm̀	ǂàm̀		LL		n	meaningless form (cranberry morpheme) found in ìī-ǂàm̀ 'spoon'.
ǂàm̄	ǂàm̄	ǂàmā	LM		v	to pat; to tap something with a fist (using the side of the little finger); to hammer something.
ǂáńn	ǂáń		HH		n	sp. tree (unidentified). Its charcoal is crumbled to powder and used as a medicine for the wounds caused by Eland Dance. (classified as ìī).
ǂáǹn	ǂáǹ		HL		n	the nock of a bow; handle of a cup.
ǂán̄n	ǂán̄	ǂánā	HM		v	(in a exchange between a visitor from afar and the host) to ask for a gift; to get a present.
ǂáó	ǂáó		HH		n	the heart (as a physical organ); the heart (as a seat of emotions); personal character.
ǂáò	ǂáò	ǂāō	HL		v	to leave before someone comes. 'àbì 'ēsà ǂáò. 'He left before she arrived.' ǂáò-kū 'to pass each other'.
ǂàò	ǂàò		LL		n	wing (wing stick).
ǂàōǂèrò	ǂàō-ǂèrò		LMLL		v	to hold a child in the chest.
ǂàòn	ǂàũ̀	ǂàwān	LL		v	to bump into.
ǂáónǂáón	ǂáṹ-ǂáṹ		HHHH		v	to seem to have a small, round and hard head.
ǂàōnǂàòn	ǂàũ̄-ǂàũ̀		LMLL		v	to carry many things, typically in both hands on the chest.
ǃxáū	ǃχáū		HM		n	south wind (typically a bad wind). (Gǁana: xáū).
ǂébā	ǂébā		HM		n	wooden peg (used for stretching a hide on the ground to dry).
ǂébàsī	ǂébà-sī		HLM		v	to cross one's legs. 'àbì cì ǂébà-sī. 'He is crossing his legs.'
ǂébàsī	ǂébà-sī		HLM		adv	(to sit) cross-legged. ǂébà-sī ǂnóón.
ǂébè	ǂébè		HL		n	non-Khoisan local person.
ǂébū	ǂébū	ǂébwā	HM		v	to fold up, to bundle up. khóō dzì ǂébū.
ǂéè	ǂéè	ǂēē	HL		v	to drag something (with its bottom scratching the ground).
ǂéē	ǂéē		HM		n	ear.
ǂéē	ǂéē	ǂérē	HM		v	to hitch/hang something.
ǂèè	ǂèè		LL		n	penis (which is thick and short).
ǂénācāǂxáí	ǂénā-cā-ǂχáí		HMMHH		n	sp. beetle. Its head is red and body is green. (classified as ǁàmà).
ǂénō	ǂénū	ǂénwā	HM		v	to walk slowly and elegantly (of women). (also used as variant of ǂgénō).
ǂérā	ǂérā		HM		n	wooden container (made by weaving); large pottery vase.
ǂérèsī	ǂérè-sī		HLM		v	to lie arcing. (e.g. of a person).
ǂérèsī	ǂérè-sī		HLM		adv	ǂérè-sī with the body lying in an arc. ǂérè-sī ǁóé (ǁòèn). 'to lie with the body in an arc.'
ǂéū	ǂéū		HM		n	large vessel (used for food).
ǂéyā	ǂéjā		HM		n	the name of a woman (its origin is unclear).
ǃxāōn	ǃχāũ̄	ǃxāwān	MM		v	to be curved, arched, bent.
ǃxāōn	ǃχāũ̄		MM		n	something that is curved (arched). (Gǁana: xâōn).
ǂgà'àǂnhītē (m̀ kà ǀóán)	ɡǂà̰à-ǂhī-tē (m̀ kà ǀúã́)		LLMMLLHH	[ɡǂàˤà-ǂhī-tē (m̀ kà ǀúã́)]	n	gadfly (classified as ǀgèēn-nē).
ǂgá'má	ɡǂá̰má		HH	[ɡǂáˤmá]	n	wastes, refuse.
ǂgà'mà	ɡǂà̰mà		LL	[ɡǂàˤmà]	n	wing (particularly, its tip section).
ǂgá'mēgū	ɡǂá̰mī-ɡū		HMM	[ɡǂáˤmī-ɡū]	n	old damaged container.
ǂgà'n̄n	ɡǂà̰n̄		LM	[ɡǂàˤn̄]	n	hooked rod used for hunting springhares. (The rod consists of connected four sticks which are named after the parts of the spine of antelopes: the first stick is ǃx'áó 'neck (bone)', the second is ǁxábà 'front (upper) part of backbone', the third is ǂxónò 'back (lower) part of backbone', and the fourth is tsáó 'tail (bone)'). It has ǁnáàn 'horn', i.e. a hook made of a horn or iron.
ǂgà'rè	ɡǂà̰rè		LL	[ɡǂàˤlè]	n	blue thorn (Acacia erubescens Welw. ex Oliv.) (Its resin is edible.) (classified as ìī).
ǂgà'ònǂgà'òn	ɡǂà̰ũ̀-ɡǂà̰ũ̀		LLLL	[ɡǂàˤũ̀-ɡǂàˤũ̀]	v	to be strong in foundation (of a hut).
ǂgáá	ɡǂáá	ǂgáā	HH		v	to hover; to float in the sky; to stay still mid-air; keep still (the word for a dragonfly derives from this word, since it hovers).
ǂgáà	ɡǂáà	ǂgāā	HL		v	to put an arrowhead into a joint (made of reed). 'àbì péēn sì kà kx'áó sà ǂgáà.
ǂgàà	ɡǂàà	ǂgàā	LL		v (taste)	to have a smell and taste of resin of Silver terminalia.
ǂgáàn	ɡǂáã̀	ǂgāān	HL		v	to believe; to trust; to be convinced.
ǂgám̀	ɡǂám̀	ǂgāmā	HL		v	to become firm and strong; for Bauhinia petersiana (ǂnàn̄n-ǂē) beans to become hard, being heated; (for a man) to grow to be strong; to grow to have sense (prudence).
ǂgàm̄	ɡǂàm̄		LM		n	darkness without light, e.g. of fire. ǂgàm̄ ǂāān kà ǁ'úm̀ 'to sleep inside the darkness without light.' ǂgàm̄ kx'àrà kà ǁ'úm̀ 'to sleep inside the darkness without light.'
ǂgàò	ɡǂàò		LL		n	hut where a lot of women live together.
ǂgébáǂgèbà	ɡǂébá-ɡǂèbà		HHLL		v	to run pitpat on the damp sand.
ǂgèbē	ɡǂèbē		LM		n	spoon. (cf. ìī-ǂàm̀).
ǂgéé	ɡǂéé		HH		n	the thick hide over the neck of a large beast (such as gemsbok, eland, giraffe, hartebeest) (to be baked in the ash and eaten).
ǂgéè	ɡǂéè	ǂgēē	HL		v	to be viscous; to be sticky, clayey, without much moisture (e.g. the contents of the prey animal's intestines); to walk slowly, to dawdle. (metaphor).
ǂgééǁàmà	ɡǂéé-ǁàmà		HHLL		n	click beetle (classified as ǁàmà).
ǂgénō	ɡǂénū		HM		n	musical instrument (a bow for women to play with mouth).
ǂgénō	ɡǂénū	ǂgénwā	HM		v	to carry on the head without using hands. (variant of ǂénō).
ǂgèrà	ɡǂèrà	ǂgèrā	LL		v	to request; to appeal; to demand. (loan from Naro).
ǂgérè	ɡǂérè		HL		n	sp. tick, mite. (cf. tám̀-máná, pàmà, ts'érē).
ǂgéú	ɡǂéú		HH		n	kori bustard. (Ardeotis kori). (cf. ǁgáàn, ǃnhúrō-xà).
ǂgéù	ɡǂéù		HL		n	bunch (e.g. of plant whose fibers are used for ropes); package.
ǂgéù	ɡǂéù	ǂgēwā	HL		v	to assemble, to bundle into a package.
ǂgéū	ɡǂéū	ǂgéwā	HM		v	to block the way by using something. ǂgéū-xò 'security', ǂgéū-cì 'security guard'.
ǂgéwà	ɡǂéwà	ǂgēwā	HL		v	(of sand) to dry on the surface with the inside moist.
ǂgéyán	ɡǂéjã́		HH		n	sp. insect (classified as ǂēmē).
ǂgíì	ɡǂíì	ǂgīyā; ǂgīā	HL		v	to be large. more used by Gǁana speakers.
ǂgíī	ɡǂíī	ǂgíyā; ǂgíā	HM		v	to be thick (as to shape); to grow densely (of trees).
ǂgìī	ɡǂìī		LM		n	plant (Corallocarpus triangularis Cogn.?)
ǂgíīcāǂēmē	ɡǂíī-cā-ǂīmī		HMMMM		n	sp. grasshopper (classified as ǂēmē).
ǂgéèn	ɡǂíĩ̀		HL		n	the Gǀui name for Ghanzi.ǂgéèn-dyōmā 'the north', (i.e. the direction of Ghanzi).
ǂgèēn	ɡǂìĩ̄	ǂgèyān	LM		v	to hide something; to speak with jargons; to use special terms or euphemisms instead of aversive words.
ǂgèmè	ɡǂìmì	ǂgèmyā	LL		v	to clench one's fist; to roll up e.g. sleeves, skirt, trousers. mùrūkū mà ǂgèmè yā 'àm̀ ǂúm̀ ǀxàè ǃgúī mà ǂnàà 'to roll up the pants cuffs and twist the rope on a shin.'
ǂgíyán	ɡǂíjã́		HH		n	Long-horned grasshopper?
ǂgóbè	ɡǂóbè		HL		n	bag. (loan from Naro).
ǂgóò	ɡǂóò		HL		n	pile of things.
ǂgóò	ɡǂóò	ǂgōō	HL		v	to pile; to bundle up (e.g. firewood).
ǂgòō	ɡǂòō		LM		n	Springhare (Pedetes capensis).
ǂgòōǀ'óántsúrítsùrì	ɡǂòō-ǀʔúã́-tsúrí-tsùrì		LMHHHHLL		n	sp. beetle (classified as ǁàmà).
ǂgòōǁàrī	ɡǂòō-ǁàrī		LMLM		n	sp. beetle (classified as ǁàmà).
ǃxóé	ǃχóé	ǃxóē	HH		v	to dash. ǃxóé-kx'àm̀
ǃxóé	ǃχóé	ǃxóē	HH		v	to run for. (Gǁana: xóé).
ǂqgàān	ǂɢàã̄		LM		n	the spleen.
ǂqgábò	ǂɢábò	ǂqgābō	HL		v	to pile soft things, to fill a vessel with soft things.
ǂqgábóǂqgàbò	ǂɢábó-ǂɢàbò		HHLL		v	to thatch a roof with much grass (to place much tender meat).
ǂqgáèǂqgàrèsī	ǂɢáè-ǂɢàrè-sī		HLLLM		v	to walk unsteadily, to stagger.
ǂqgànā	ǂɢànā		LM		n	an armoured ground cricket (classified as ǁàmà).
ǂqgàrà	ǂɢàrà	ǂqgàrā	LL		v (taste)	to have smell of the sand moist with rain.
ǂqgóó	ǂɢóó	ǂqgóō	HH		v	to pile up soft or slimy things (e.g. internal organs). (cf. ǀxáò).
ǂqgórò	ǂɢórò		HL		suffix	verbalizer (noun to verb), proprietive. to have something, to be with something, to be filled with something. ǁnúì-xà 'with fat, i.e. fatty (e.g. of meat)'. ǂáó-xà 'lit. having heart, i.e. mentally strong'. ǃōōn-xà 'lit. with walking, i.e. able to walk a long distance'. màān-xà 'lit. with head, i.e. clever.' ǀnèn sì kúbí sì tsháā-xà. 'This cup is with water (i.e. contains water).'
ǂqgúrī'ò	ǂɢúrī-ʔò		HML		n	the inguinal region (the soft area at the root of the thigh).
ǂgù'è	ɡǂṵ̀è		LL	[ɡǂùᵊˤè]	n	spindle-shaped arrowhead made of bone (e.g. giraffe rib).
ǂgù'èǂgù'è	ɡǂṵ̀è-ɡǂṵ̀è		LLLL	[ɡǂùᵊˤè-ɡǂùᵊˤè]	v	to be being long-faced (specifically of hartebeast).
ǂgù'm̀ǂ'úbī	ɡǂṵ̀m̀-ǂʔúbī		LLHM	[ɡǂùᵊˤm̀]	v	to make a beautiful thing skillfully. (ǂgù'm̀ 'ants' line up rows of eggs tidily in their nest).
ǂgù'm̀	ɡǂṵ̀m̀		LL	[ɡǂùᵊˤm̀]	n	sp. ant (black, bites, lays eggs in a neat row in its nest) (classifed as ǂúḿ-ǂùm̀).
ǂgú'mè	ɡǂṵ́mì	ǂgū'myā	HL	[ɡǂúˤmì]	v	to grow hair. ǀ'ōōn dzì cì ǂgú'mì. 'It grows hair.' ǀ'ōōn dzì ǂgūnmy-ā-hā. 'Hair has just come out.' (cf. gébè).
ǂgú'rú	ɡǂṵ́rú		HH	[ɡǂúˤrú]	n	bad-shaped (uglily curved) thing. (synonym: ǃúrú)
ǂgúà	ɡǂúà		HL		n	ash; soap.
ǂgùā'ō	ɡǂùā-ʔō		LMM		v	to be cross-cousins (with). (transitive). (kinship verb).
ǂgùbā	ɡǂùbā	ǂgùbānā	LM		v	to be a girl before the menarche; to be a man before the male initiation.
ǂgùbū	ɡǂùbū	ǂgùbwā	LM		v	to be small, round and ugly (of head).
ǂgùī	ɡǂùī	ǂgùyā	LM		v	(for testicles) to be swollen; (for eggs) to go bad.
ǂgóèn	ɡǂúĩ̀	ǂgōyān	HL		v	to become horny, to come into rut/heat (often referring to human).
ǂgúm̀	ɡǂúm̀	ǂgōmā	HL	[ɡǂúᵊm̀]	v	to accept, to understand, to agree. 'àm̀ ǁnàē sì xò sà ǂgúm̀-'ō. 'What he said was accepted.'
ǂgúm̄	ɡǂúm̄	ǂgómā	HM	[ɡǂúᵊm̄]	v	to produce buds. ǀnònē dzì ǂgómā-hā. 'Shepherd's trees have buds'; 'to turn black (of skin) after using a razor to create incisions for treatment.'
ǂgómā	ɡǂúmā	ǂgómānā	HM		v	to bend or twist a leg (of game animals, of wound).
ǂgónè	ɡǂúnì	ǂgōnyā	HL		v	to snap fingers (to call one's dog).
ǂgónē	ɡǂúnī	ǂgónyā	HM		v	to twist and tie up; to wrap and bind up; to wrap up something (e.g. cigarettes) by tying the ends of a headkerchief.
ǂgúrí	ɡǂúrí		HH		n	stump of tree; partly cut-off dead branch on the trunk. (synonym: ǂúrí).
ǂgúù	ɡǂúù		HL		n	tip; point.
ǂgóōn	ɡǂúũ̄		HM		n	man-made pile of sand (used for a stick throwing game, to make the stick fly farther by boucing on the mound).
ǂgòòn	ɡǂùũ̀	ǂgòwān; ǂgòān	LL		v	to pile up.
ǂgòòn	ɡǂùũ̀		LL		n	pile.
ǃxóé	ǃχóé	ǃxóē	HH		v	(for a woman) to dance behind a man; (for a woman) to join a man's dance. ǁgàē kò sì cì kx'áò-kò mà ǃxóé. (Gǁana: xóé).
ǂháá	ǂʰáá		HH		n	hard section of a pan (dried lake/river bed) where no water gathers.
ǂháàn	ǂʰáã̀	ǂhāān	HL		v	to be old, worn out.
ǂháàn	ǂʰáã̀		HL		n	an old and worn-out thing (cloth, hide, etc.). ǂhāānǂhààn
ǂhàān	ǂʰàã̄	ǂhànā; ǂhènā	LM		v (taste)	to have a tasteless taste typical of wildebeest meat (which does not necessarily have a bad odor, but strike one as old).
ǂhám̀	ǂʰám̀	ǂhāmā	HL		v	to pound and partially mash (e.g. meat, seeds); to pound and flatten something.
ǂhám̄	ǂʰám̄		HM		n	mild speech impediment, minor articulation disorder; tongue-tied. ǂhám̄ sà kx'úī 'to have a mild articulation disorder.'
ǂhàm̄	ǂʰàm̄	ǂhàmā	LM		v	to become dark (of fire).
ǂháó	ǂʰáó	ǂháō	HH		v	to be excited (to see someone/something); to be happy (to see someone/something). (transitive).
ǂhébá	ǂʰébá		HH		n	wild plant with edible succulent tuber, a source of moisture, Stomatostemma monteiroae (Oliv.) N.E. Br.
ǂhébá	ǂʰébá		HH		n	name of a group of people or their language, the ǂHaba people, the ǂHaba language.
ǂhébā	ǂʰébā	ǂhébānā	HM		v	to scrape off (wood surface) (transitive).
ǂhéé	ǂʰéé	ǂhéē	HH		v	to drop something powdery onto a single spot. (transitive). dà'bē sà ǂhéé. 'to sprinle salt.'; dà'bē sì kà ǂ'óón-xò sà ǂhéé-'ō. 'to sprinle salt onto the food.'; dà'bē sì kà tsā ǂhéé-kx'ì. 'to sprinle salt onto your face.'; ǀxáā sà ǂhéé-ǀxàè. 'to sprinle salt onto the surface of meat.'
ǂhēē	ǂʰēē	ǂhērē	MM		v	to fall; (for the sun) to set down; descend.
ǂhēē	ǂʰēē	ǂhērē	MM		v	to step firmly; to run; to do dance steps.
ǂhēē	ǂʰēē	ǂhērē	MM		v	(impurities in the water) to settle out; to be deposited.
ǂhéēxō	ǂʰéē-χō		HMM		v	to drop away. (<ǂhéé 'drop'). (Gǁana: ǂhéē-xò).
ǂhémà	ǂʰémà	ǂhēmā	HL		v	to be flat and wide and ugly (of human head or face).
ǂhénō	ǂʰénū	ǂhénwā	HM		v	to be straight (road, etc). (loan from Naro).
ǂhēnō	ǂʰēnū		MM		n	small hatchet.
ǂhérè	ǂʰérè		HL		n	part of the leather loincloth for males (the piece used to fasten the cloth on the back, made of steenbok's face skin).
ǂhérē	ǂʰérē		HM		n	brown jowl hunging under chicken/guinea fowl's neck. A taboo word not spoken in the presence of women.
ǂhéù	ǂʰéù		HL		n	name of tree (under which Kori will take a rest). (classified as ìī).
ǂhéū	ǂʰéū	ǂhéwā	HM		v	to be moist with morning dew (of grass). (cf. ǂhúm̀).
ǂhíbí	ǂʰíbí		HH		n	Cape turtle dove. (Streptopelia capicola).
ǂhéèn	ǂʰíĩ̀	ǂhēyān	HL		v	to poke (e.g. in order to pick a thorn out, or to peel off a scab, using a small wooden stick like a toothpick).
ǂhōbē	ǂʰōbē	ǂhōbēnā	MM		v	to scrub off (dirt). ǃnáà sà ǂhōbē-'ō. 'to scrub dirt from inside of the plate.' ǃnáà sà ǂhōbē-ǀxàè. 'to scrub dirt from the surface of the plate.' cère 'àmà ǂhōbē-kx'ì. 'I scrubbed dirt from his face.'
ǂhóé	ǂʰóé		HH		n	stub (of pruned branches). ǂhóé-ǂhòè 'To have many stubs (of branches).'
ǂhóò	ǂʰóò	ǂhōō	HL		v	to put something into the sand. ǃ'úḿ ǀ'è dzì ǀ'éē siwa ǂhóò. ǃ'úḿ ǀ'è dzì kà ǀ'éē sà ǂhóò-'ō.
ǂhórē	ǂʰórē	ǂhórēnā	HM		v	(transitive) to break into two (e.g. to bend the joints of a cub); (intransitive) (for a joint) to break into two.
ǂhórò	ǂʰórò		HL		n	the part of animal hide under the shoulder, beside the neck (center of the chest).
ǂhōānkò	ǂʰūã̄-kò		MML		n	Khoisan group (living around Kang?).
ǂhúbā	ǂʰúbā	ǂhúbānā	HM		v	to cross, to go across. (loan from Naro).
ǂhúí	ǂʰúí		HH		n	respect name of ostrich (praising its walking feature).
ǂhúīǂhúī	ǂʰúī-ǂʰúī		HMHM		v	to be empty-handed.
ǂhúm̀	ǂʰúm̀	ǂhōmā	HL	[ǂʰúᵊm̀]	v	to be slightly moist with dew. (cf. ǂhéū).
ǂhúm̄	ǂʰúm̄	ǂhómā	HM	[ǂʰúᵊm̄]	v	to pound tortoise meat softly in the shell.
ǂhómā	ǂʰúmā	ǂhómānā	HM		v	to urinate (euphemism). (cf. ǀxáḿ, ǁháḿ).
ǂhónē	ǂʰúnī		HM		n	elbow (bone). (cf. ǂxúbī).
ǂhúrà	ǂʰúrà	ǂhūrā	HL		v	to spread; to stretch: to straighten; to strain (e.g. limbs, something rolled up/folded); to untie something tied/fastened; to unravel.
ǂhúū	ǂʰúū	ǂhúwā; ǂhúā	HM		v	to scrub; to wipe (e.g. a vessel with a piece of cloth); to scrape off with one's fingers and eat. taafle mà ǂhúū; taaf mà a ǂhúū-ǀxàè; ǃnáā sà ǂhúū-'ō; 'àbì ǀóán mà ǂhúū-kx'ì. 'He scrubbed the face of the child'; ǂhúā ǁóānxò. 'lit. remove wiping off, i.e. delete.'
ǂìbī	ǂìbī		LM		n	bone arrowhead (of sagittate type).
ǂìbī	ǂìbī		LM		n	splintery stump left on the ground.
ǂíbīsì	ǂíbī-sì		HML		v	to split finely, to splinter and become prinkly.
ǂíī	ǂíī	ǂíyā; ǂíā	HM		v	to call; to call out; to call someone by the name.
ǂìì	ǂìì	ǂìyā; ǂìā	LL		v	to be physically disabled (typically in the legs, crippled).
ǂéénkx'àm̀	ǂíĩ́-qχʼàm̀		HHLL		v	to close (doors, lids), to shut. (loan from Naro).
ǂémē	ǂímī		HM		n	caracal, Felis caracal; Caracal caracal.
ǂēmē	ǂīmī		MM		n	general term for several kinds of grasshoppers.
ǂk'áá	ǂʼáá	ǂk'áā	HH		v	to flay a fat game, leaving the fat. (loan from Naro?) (rare)
ǂk'áà	ǂʼáà	ǂk'āā	HL		v	to faint, to fall unconscious; to play dead.
ǂk'ébè	ǂʼébè	ǂk'ēbē	HL		v	(of a head) to be ugly-shaped (trianglish). (Gǁana: k'ébè).
ǂk'énā	ǂʼénā		HM		n	sp. quail. Orange River francolin (Francolinus levaillantoides) (Scleroptila levaillantoides).
ǂk'éēn	ǂʼíĩ̄	ǂk'éyān	HM		v	to duck to see something; to dodge for some reason; to get out of the way in order to look for something.
ǂk'ēmē	ǂʼīmī	ǂk'ēmyā	MM		v	to cut (something) off (or bite off) little by little. 'ēsì ǀnòè sì kà ǁnà'n̄n sà ǃhárē-ǂk'ēmē. 'She stabbed and cut a tsamma melon little by little with a digging stick.'
ǂk'úbíǂk'ùbì	ǂʼúbí-ǂʼùbì		HHLL		v	to hop.
ǂk'úī	ǂʼúī	ǂk'úyā	HM		v (taste)	to be savory, to have appetizing aroma of the root of ǀààn 'wild cucumber' Coccinea rehmannii.
ǂk'úrà	ǂʼúrà	ǂk'ūrā	HL		v	to be hot. (of sun, fire, etc. not of a person).
ǂk'ūrī	ǂʼūrī		MM		n	swelling (especially, the swelling of the sexial organ of a female dog).
ǂk'óòn	ǂʼúũ̀		HL		n	an edible plant (Dipcadi sp.).
ǃxōē	ǃχōē	ǃxōrē	MM		v	to dig shallowly (by hand, in a oblong shape, widely). ǃxōē-'ō 'to dig out the sand' ǃóò sà ǃxōē-'ō. 'to dig sand out of a water pit in a pan.' xom kx'esa ǃxōē-'ō. (Gǁana: ǃxáè).
ǂnā'ā	ŋǂā̰ā	ǂnā'rā	MM	[ŋǂāˤā]	v	to crack jokes; to express in an amusing manner. (cf. ǀqààn).
ǂnà'bī	ŋǂà̰bī		LM	[ŋǂàˤbī]	n	type of vegetation with Grewia flava DC, (kx'úm̄) growing in profusion.
ǂná'm̄	ŋǂá̰m̄	ǂná'mā	HM	[ŋǂáˤm̄]	v	to collect and dump useless grass. ǀgáān dzì ǁhāā sì wà ǂná'm̄. 'to collect weeds in the farm.' ǁhāā sà ǂná'm̄-'ō. 'to weed the farm.'
ǂnà'nè	ŋǂà̰nì		LL	[ŋǂàˤnì]	n	herd of giraffes.
ǂnà'ō	ŋǂà̰ō		LM	[ŋǂàˤō]	n	sp. edible plant, Oxygonum alatum.
ǂná'rī	ŋǂá̰rī	ǂná'ryā	HM	[ŋǂáˤrī]	v	to be still damp, to be half-dried. 'āān-xò sì ǂná'rī/ǂná'ry-ā-hā. (cf. ǀ'óò, ǁxóó, ǀx'áān, ǂxūū).
ǂnáá	ŋǂáá	ǂnáā	HH		v	to check and confirm the existence of; to visit someone to ask after his/her health; to go and see; to confirm (the existence). (Also used to confirm the existence of something by checking by the hand, e.g. something in the pocket). ǃnúū mà ǂnáá-'ō. 'to check inside the hut.' ǃnúū m̀ wà xò sà ǂnáá. 'to check something in the hut.'
ǂnáà	ŋǂáà	ǂnāā	HL		v	to look closely at, to observe; to look for something good; to search for something; to seek after something. ǂnáà-ǂnèrà 'swallow (bird)' (< ǂnáà 'to search'). ǂnáà-'ō 'to look into'. ǂnáà-ǀxāē 'to look for'. ǃnúū mà ǂnáà-'ō. 'to look into the container.' ǃnáà mà ǂnáà-ǀxāē. 'to look for the container.' ǀóán mà ǂnáà-kx'ī. 'to look at the boy in the face.'
ǂnáàǂnèrà	ŋǂáà-ŋǂèrà		HLLL		n	European swallow, Hirundo rustica.
ǂnáànǂnènà	ŋǂáã̀-ŋǂènà		HLLL		n	European swallow, Hirundo rustica. (variant of ǂnáà-ǂnèrà).
ǂnāāǁ'óàn	ŋǂāā-ǁʔúã̀		MMHL		v	to swing both arms widely while walking. ǂnāā-ǁ'ōnā-ǃóòn 'to walk with wide swings of both arms.' (cf. ǀhúbī-ǀ'óán 'to walk briskly, lightly; to begin to walk (of a baby)').
ǂnàà	ŋǂàà	ǂnàā	LL		v	to twist together (to make a rope).
ǂnààkx'ò	ŋǂàà-qχʼò		LLL		n	good dancer. (loan from Naro. yíà-kx'ò in Gǀui).
ǂnáán	ŋǂáã́	ǂnáān	HH		v	to pour; to pour water. (loan from Naro). ǁhóé sì wà tsháā sà ǂnáán. 'to pour water into the pot.' ǁhóē sà ǂnáán-'ō. 'to pour into the pot.'
ǂnáān	ŋǂáã̄	ǂnánā; ǂnénā	HM		v	to go and see (the snares), to check on (the snares). 'àbì ǃgúī mà ǂnáān-'ō. 'He went to the snare cite.' (Gǁana: ǂnáā).
ǂnàm̀	ŋǂàm̀	ǂnàmā	LL		v	to ask (someone) the name of (something) as a riddle (ditransitive). cèrè ǀóán mà xám̄ mà ǂnàm̀. 'I asked the child what xám̄ is.'
ǂnàm̄	ŋǂàm̄	ǂnàmā	LM		v	to feed wood to fan the flames; to add lighted wood to the fire.
ǂnàn̄nǂē	ŋǂàn̄-ǂē		LMM		n	Kalahari white bauhinia, Bauhinia petersiana. (edible).
ǂnàn̄nǂētsórō	ŋǂàn̄-ǂē-tsórō		LMMHM		n	place name.
ǂnáó	ŋǂáó	ǂnáō	HH		v	to seek for (rasin or water) (in trees). ìī dzì wà tsháā sà ǂnáó. 'to seek for water in the woods.' ìī dzì ǂnáó-'ō. 'to search in the woods.'
ǂnáō	ŋǂáō	ǂnárō; ǂnérō	HM		v	to refuse (someone); to dislike, to hate, to detest. (to hate somone or something momentarily). ǂ'óón-xò sà ǂnáō-'ō. 'to hate a person with criticism.' ǂ'óón-xò sà ǂnáō. 'to hate to eat.'
ǂnébā	ŋǂébā		HM		n	colony of silver terminalia (Terminalia sericea Burch. Ex DC.). ǀgáà 'silver terminalia trees, growing in crowds'.
ǂnénē	ŋǂínī	ǂnényā	HM		v	to craft neatly with a blade.
ǂnèē	ŋǂèē		LM		n	long bow. (rare).
ǂnèrātàm̀ǁgàē	ŋǂèrā-tàm̀-ɡǁàē		LMLLLM		n	sp. long-horned grasshopper. (classified as ǂēmē).
ǂnèrē	ŋǂèrē	ǂnèrēnā	LM		v	(e.g. something hung, or a tree) to sway; to shake ones hips (intransitive).
ǂnéró	ŋǂéró	ǂnérō	HH		v	to go neaby food-gathering. ǃ'óón kà ǀx'are sa. 'to make a brief visit in the evening.'
ǂnéú	ŋǂéú		HH		n	tar used as glue, made by chewing ant eggs. (Used for attaching arrowheads to rods). (cf. ǂgáà).
ǂnéyā	ŋǂéjā		HM		n	good crop of wild foods.
ǂnéyā	ŋǂéjā	ǂnéyānā	HM		v	to fully ripen (e.g. ǃ'ūm̄-ǀ'ìn, Cucumis kalahariensis). ǃ'ūm̄-ǀ'ìn sì ǂnéyā-na-hā. 'Cucumis kalahariensis has become nicely ripen.'
ǃxóébā	ǃχóé-bā		HHM		n	name for person.
ǂnhá'ān	ǂhá̰ã̄	ǂnhá'nā	HM	[ǂháˤã̄]	v	to give off a bad odor characteristic of the vulture (the bad odor that cannot be compared with anything else).
ǂnháàn	ǂháã̀	ǂnhāān	HL		v	to go ahead of someone; to lead the way. 'àbì ǂnháàn yā ǃóòn. 'He has gone ahead (of me) and is walking.' 'àbì ǂnhāān-hā. 'He is ahead (of me, and I am following him).' ǂnhāān-kà 'over there ahead.' ǁnáān sì ǃnóón sì xáńntsì sì ǂnhāān-kà háān. 'The place is located over Gantsi.'
ǂnhám̀	ǂhám̀	ǂnhāmā	HL		v	to sharpen (e.g. an axe) with a stone.
ǂnhām̄ǂnhàm̀	ǂhām̄-ǂhàm̀		MMLL		v	to heal and scab.
ǂnhán̄n	ǂhán̄	ǂnhánā	HM		v	to bend the spring branch and set the trigger stick of a trap.
ǂnháō	ǂháō	ǂnhárō; ǂnhérō	HM		v	to pick up something in a single motion; to toss something up (e.g. a child or an object). (To toss up and dandle a baby. To push up a child on a swing). 'àbì cì ǀóán mà ǂnháō.
ǂnhébā	ǂhébā	ǂnhébānā	HM		v	to patch something on some surface; to spread something (e.g. hide, skin) and hang it down. ǂnhébā-sì 'to warm oneself at the fire'
ǂnhèbā	ǂhèbā	ǂnhèbānā	LM		v	to sit properly, to sit in well-behaved way (of women).
ǂnhèbā	ǂhèbā	ǂnhèbānā	LM		v	to hold/carry something under her arm (of women).
ǂnhēbūkx'àì	ǂhēbū-qχʼàì		MMLL	[ǂhēbū-qχʼì]	v	to pass in front of somebody repeatedly.
ǂnhèmà	ǂhèmà		LL		n	scab.
ǂnhēnā	ǂhēnā	ǂnhēnānā	MM		v	to add.
ǂnhérà	ǂhérà	ǂnhērā	HL		v	to cut and divide. ǀxáā sà ǂnhérà-'ō.
ǂnhérè	ǂhérè	ǂnhērē	HL		v	to move something with a stick or finger (by picking, hooking, poking, etc.). ǂnhérè-kx'ī '【v】 to poke someone's cheek with anger.' ǀóán mà ǂnhérè-kx'ī. 'to poke a child's cheek.'
ǂnhérèkx'ī	ǂhérè-qχʼī		HLM		v	to poke someone's cheek with anger. ǀoan mà ǂnhérè-kx'ī. 'to poke a child in the cheek.'
ǂnhérú	ǂhérú	ǂnhérwā	HH		v	to give; to be given; to go get something; to give /to be given a gift. 'àbì khóè m̀ wà xò sà ǂnhérú. 'He got something from someone.'
ǂnhìbī	ǂhìbī		LM		n	wart; corn (on the sole).
ǂnhéēn	ǂhíĩ̄	ǂnhéyān	HM		v	to press against and move someone away with arms/hands; to thrust someone away.
ǂnhòbè	ǂhòbè	ǂnhòbē	LL		v	to pinch softly with the fingertip (without using the nails); to give in small amounts.
ǂnhòò	ǂhòò		LL		n	large tree of Bauhinia petersiana (ǂnàn̄n-ǂē) (with long branches and trunk, and bears a lot of fruit).
ǂnhóyō	ǂhójō	ǂnhóyōnā	HM		v (taste)	to have a good taste typical of (ostrich) egg.
ǂnhúm̀	ǂhúm̀		HL		n	fat of animals.
ǂnhómā	ǂhúmā	ǂnhómānā	HM		v	to be insufficient (for); to fall short of something. tsháā sì cíā ǂnhómā. 'The water is not enough for me.'
ǂnhóné	ǂhúní	ǂnhónyā	HH		v	to visit around. ǁ'áé dzì ǂnhóné. 'to visit camps around.'
ǂnhúrā	ǂhúrā		HM		n	wattles (of goats).
ǂnhúrí	ǂhúrí	ǂnhúryā	HH		v	to take something in a high place (with a stick). ìī m̀ kà ǃòò sà ǂnhúrí. 'to take gum (high up on a tree) with a stick.' (cf. ǁàòn).
ǂnhúū	ǂhúū	ǂnhúwā; ǂnhúā	HM		v	to place something (e.g. wood) lengthwise against the wall, etc.; to set down long and narrow things vertically and to bundle them up. 'àbì ìī dzì ǂnhúū.
ǂníbī	ŋǂíbī	ǂníbyā	HM		v	to peel something (e.g. melon) with a knife.
ǂníí	ŋǂíí	ǂníyā; ǂníā	HH		v	to cut the leather with a knife to make straps. ǂqàī mà ǂníí. (ǂníí-ǀxàè, ǂníí-kx'ì. 'applicative').
ǂnìī	ŋǂìī	ǂnìyā; ǂnìā	LM		v	to have some skills; to be skillful.
ǂnīīǀùà	ŋǂīī-ǀùà		MMLL		n	group of carnivorous animals (mainly cat and dog families, such as lion, leopard, cheetah, hyena, lycaon, jackal, fox, etc.).
ǂnírīǃx'áó	ŋǂírī-ǃqχʼáó		HMHH		v	to move the neck.
ǂníyā	ŋǂíjā	ǂníyānā	HM		v	to be abundant (e.g. foods, clothes, things, people, animals). ǂnàn̄nǂē dzì ǂníyā-nā-hā. 'There has been an abundance of wild beans.'
ǂníyā	ŋǂíjā		HM		n	abundance (e.g. of foods, clothes, things, people, animals). cèrè chū khóè ǹ ǂníyā móòn. 'I saw a crowd of people.'
ǂnóē	ŋǂóē	ǂnórē	HM		v	not to admit; to deny; not to accept; not to trust. 'àbì khóè m̀ kà kx'úí sà ǂnóē-'ō. 'àbì khóè mà ǂnóē.
ǂnòō	ŋǂòō		LM		n	the womb; the bag that holds fetuses. (Of the womb of the game, the bag is given to dogs while the contents are eaten by men). (This word is hard to mention).
ǂnórō	ŋǂórō		HM		n	the back.
ǂnū'bū	ŋǂṵ̄bū	ǂnū'bwā	MM	[ŋǂūᵊˤbū]	v	to stir; to mix (e.g. water, mud, feces). (ex. ǂnú'búǂnù'bù 【v】 '(for a person) to mix things with water.')
ǂnúā	ŋǂúā		HM		n	club (with a round, smooth part).
ǂnóānxò	ŋǂúã̄-χò		HML		v	to put in the sitting position (in a compact posture). (< ǂnóón 'sit')
ǂnúí	ŋǂúí		HH		n	the vagina (the whole part of female sexual organs). ǂnúí-ǂūī 'lit. vagina-nose, i.e. clitoris'. (cf. ǀqhàān).
ǂnòèn	ŋǂùĩ̀	ǂnòyān	LL		v	to stay sitting. (cf. ǂnóón).
ǂnúḿ	ŋǂúḿ	ǂnómā	HH	[ŋǂúᵊḿ]	v	to whistle (in order to announce something, sometimes a musical tune).
ǂnúm̀	ŋǂúm̀	ǂnōmā	HL	[ŋǂúᵊm̀]	v	to make something round; to make something firm (e.g. wet sand).
ǂnūm̄	ŋǂūm̄		MM	[ŋǂūᵊm̄]	n	charcoal.
ǂnóné	ŋǂúní		HH		n	mouse (generic term).
ǂnūrū	ŋǂūrū	ǂnūrwā	MM		v	to hurt (psychologically).
ǂnúú	ŋǂúú	ǂnúwā; ǂnúā	HH		v	to be black; to become dark.
ǂnúù	ŋǂúù	ǂnūwā; ǂnūā	HL		v	to dry a whole-body hide by using two poles standing on the ground. 'àbì khóō sà ǂnúù.
ǂnúù	ŋǂúù	ǂnūwā; ǂnūā	HL		v	to throw (e.g. a club).
ǂnúūbā	ŋǂúū-bā		HMM		n	name for a Gǀui male (from a place name).
ǂnóón	ŋǂúṹ	ǂnówān; ǂnóān	HH		v	to sit (down). (cf. ǂnòèn).
ǂòbè	ǂòbè		LL		n	short firewood.
ǂóé	ǂóé	ǂóē	HH		v	to expose one's glans out of the foreskin.
ǂōē	ǂōē	ǂōrē	MM		v	(for the glans of the penis) to come out (intransitive).
ǂóó	ǂóó	ǂóō	HH		v	to hold a grudge against someone; to hate (not temporarily). (cf. ǂnáō, ǁx'āōn).
ǂóró	ǂóró		HH		n	road made by repeated treading; traces of large footprints.
ǂóró	ǂóró	ǂórō	HH		v	to do repeatedly; to walk back and forth repeatedly; to pay frequent visit to a place/person.
ǂòrò	ǂòrò	ǂòrō	LL		v	to be dented; to be sloping.
ǂq'áàǂq'áà	ǂqʼáà-ǂqʼáà		HLHL		v	to be squishy (e.g. of treding on feces).
ǂq'áànǂq'ànà	ǂqʼáã̀-ǂqʼànà		HLLL		v	to whisper, to have a private talk.
ǂq'ábā	ǂqʼábā	ǂq'ábānā	HM		v	to get wet, to be damp (of sand) (intransitive); to serve/ladle (thick liquid) (transitive). ǂq'ábā-ǀxàè 'to pour something slimy on'; ǂq'ábā-sì 'to have a wet dream'.
ǂq'áē	ǂqʼáē	ǂq'árē	HM		v	to spit.
ǂq'áī	ǂqʼáī		HM		n	tar (of tobacco).
ǂq'áī	ǂqʼáī	ǂq'áyā	HM		v	(for tar) to build up.
ǂq'āēn	ǂqʼāĩ̄	ǂq'āyān	MM		v	(transitive) to remove the spoiled part of a fur.
ǂq'ám̄	ǂqʼám̄	ǂq'ámā	HM		v	to become slightly smelly (of meat). to become slightly sticky (of meat).
ǂq'ánà	ǂqʼánà		HL		n	white soft part covering beans inside the pod.
ǂq'ānā	ǂqʼānā	ǂq'ānānā	MM		v	to massage the abdomen as a treatment (done by a woman for another woman).
ǂq'āō	ǂqʼāō	ǂq'ārō; ǂq'ērō	MM		v	to be boiled down.
ǂq'árī	ǂqʼárī	ǂq'áryā	HM		v	to make extensively wet (of heavy rain).
ǂq'áúǂq'àù	ǂqʼáú-ǂqʼàù		HHLL		v	to leave (a broken thing) as it is.
ǂq'óè	ǂqʼóè	ǂq'ōē	HL		v	to ladle/spoon out something thick and sticky. to scoop up with a hand. (cf. ǃqúí, ǂqháò). ǁnúì sà khóè bì ǂq'óè yā 'ēsà máànn, 'ēsì yā 'ē cúm̀. 'The man scooped the fat and gave it to her, and she ate it.'
ǂq'órè	ǂqʼórè	ǂq'ōrē	HL		v	to collect and remove (to throw away the dregs such as ashes with a vessel).
ǂq'ōrē	ǂqʼōrē	ǂq'ōrēnā	MM		v	to have a nocturnal emission (a wet dream). 'àbì ǁ'úm̀ yā ǂq'ōrē. 'He slept and had a wet dream.'
ǂq'ūī	ǂqʼūī	ǂq'ūyā	MM		v	to stick up one's buttocks. more used by Gǁana speakers. (loan from Naro?).
ǂq'úù	ǂqʼúù	ǂq'ūwā; ǂq'ūā	HL		v	to be still a little warm from the heat of an extinguished fire.
ǂq'ūūǂq'ùù	ǂqʼūū-ǂqʼùù		MMLL		v	to be brown-purple.
ǂq'òòn	ǂqʼùũ̀		LL		n	edible plant that grows in the dried river beds during the rainy season. (Dipcadi sp.). (Gǁana variant of ǂq'òòn).
ǂqáà	ǂqáà	ǂqāā	HL		v	to be transparent; to be shiny; to be silvery (shining); to be watery; to ripen.
ǂqáán	ǂqáã́	ǂqáān	HH		v	to strain one's ears and observe (ex.the woman he cares about).
ǂqábā	ǂqábā	ǂqábānā	HM		v	to slap. (Gǁana variant of ǂqhábā).
ǂqàbà	ǂqàbà		LL		n	cooked flesh of melon with seeds removed.
ǂqābā	ǂqābā	ǂqābānā	MM		v	to be square and flat (but never round); to be hard with flat sides (e.g. a brick).
ǂqábē	ǂqábē	ǂqábēnā	HM		v	to be unpopulated; to be thin, papery. ǁnàū sì ǂqábē. 'The blanket is thin.' (antonym: ǂgíī)
ǂqábú	ǂqábú	ǂqábwā	HH		v	to have a flat mouth or blade, e.g. of a digging stick.
ǂqábùǂqàbù	ǂqábù-ǂqàbù		HLLL		v	to walk with short steps.
ǂqàè	ǂqàè	ǂqàē	LL		v	to hunt down a lot of games; to collect a lot of woods (with an axe).
ǂqāē	ǂqāē		MM		n	bone marrow (counted as a kind of fat).
ǂqáí	ǂqáí		HH		n	springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis).
ǂqáì	ǂqáì	ǂqāyā	HL		v	to accuse someone falsely; to make a false charge against someone.
ǂqàī	ǂqàī		LM		n	leather string: leather rope. ǂqàī mà ǃáó. 'to play with a jump rope (a play for girls).'
ǂqáīǂqárī	ǂqáī-ǂqárī		HMHM		v	to be transparent (of water).
ǂqám̄	ǂqám̄		HM		n	women's leather skirt (made by men).
ǂqám̄	ǂqám̄		HM		n	paper wasp nest (shaped like a skirt).
ǂqàm̀	ǂqàm̀	ǂqàmā	LL		v	to squat. (synonym: ǀxárō-sì).
ǂqáḿǂqàm̀	ǂqáḿ-ǂqàm̀		HHLL		v	to crash, smash.
ǂqàmè	ǂqàmì	ǂqàmyā	LL		v	to be flat-faced, wide-faced.
ǂqánà	ǂqánà		HL		n	garden (out side the hut); cloudless blue part of the sky.
ǂqánà	ǂqánà	ǂqānā	HL		v	to be cloudless in the sky; to be treeless.
ǂqáné	ǂqání		HH		n	Martial Eagle, (Polemaetus bellicosus). (edible; captured by particularly strong traps prepared for this bird).
ǂqáō	ǂqáō	ǂqárō; ǂqérō	HM		v	to make the surface of something uneven; to dent.
ǂqàòǂqàrō	ǂqàò-ǂqàrō		LLLM		v	to run as if tired (of chicken, tall person).
ǂqárè	ǂqárè		HL		n	string that is similar to the fringe of a skirt.
ǂqárē	ǂqárē	ǂqárēnā	HM		v	(for an egg) to hatch.
ǂqáró	ǂqáró		HH		n	an eyetooth, a canine tooth.
ǂqárò	ǂqárò	ǂqārō	HL		v	to bask in the sun; to feel a little warm (by the sun). ('é ǂqárò kà abì aa. (cf. ǂxāī)).
ǂqāū	ǂqāū	ǂqāwā	MM		v	to stay still (feeling something painful).
ǂqáóngàsī	ǂqáṹ-ɡà-sī		HHLM		adv	near the fire (manner of sitting). ǂqáón-gà-sī ǂnòèn. 'to sit near the fire.'
ǂqhábā	ǂqʰábā	ǂqhábānā	HM		v	to slap something.
ǂqhābū	ǂqʰābū	ǂqhābwā	MM		v	to throw something so that it brushes against...
ǂqháì	ǂqʰáì	ǂqhāyā	HL		v	to keep something from flying; to stay something down. ǂxáyán sà ǂqháì; ǂgénō sà ǂqháì. 'to stay a piece of paper down; to put the musical bow in front of the mouth (to play it).' (synonym: ǃán̄n).
ǂqháēn	ǂqʰáĩ̄	ǂqháyān	HM		v (taste)	to be tasteless, bland (of taste).
ǂqhám̀	ǂqʰám̀	ǂqhāmā	HL		v	to lop branches off a dried (dead) wood and make firewood.
ǂqhámā	ǂqʰámā	ǂqhámānā	HM		v	to get starving; to become very hungry.
ǂqhánē	ǂqʰánī		HM		n	plant (Ipomoea sp.). (Foodplant of edible hawk moth, Herse convolvuli, dyúù-ǃnòō (classifed as ǀgáān)).
ǂqháò	ǂqʰáò	ǂqhāō	HL		v	to spoon up a small amount of liquid. (cf. ǂq'óè).
ǂqhárè	ǂqʰárè	ǂqhārē	HL		v	to cut off useless small branches from the trunk.
ǂqhárē	ǂqʰárē	ǂqhárēnā	HM		v	(for someone) to bruise something; (for the cloud) to disappear.
ǂqhārī	ǂqʰārī	ǂqhāryā	MM		v	to spark.
ǂqhóò	ǂqʰóò		HL		n	small underground stem of Cucumis kalahariensis.
ǂqhū(i)ǂqhúrì	ǂqʰū(i)-ǂqʰúrì		MHL		v	to be smooth (of tree).
ǂqhúā	ǂqʰúā	ǂqhúrā	HM		v	to slap.
ǂqhúḿ	ǂqʰúḿ	ǂqhómā	HH	[ǂqʰúᵊḿ]	v	to blister, to get a blister.
ǂqhúm̀ǂqhúm̀	ǂqʰúm̀-ǂqʰúm̀		HLHL	[ǂqʰúᵊm̀ǂqʰúᵊm̀]	v	to be pointed (like a needle).
ǂqhōnō	ǂqʰūnū	ǂqhōnwā	MM		v	to slurp, to suck in (foods). ǁ'ámē dzì ǂqhōnō. 'to suck in termites.'
ǂqhúrì	ǂqʰúrì	ǂqhūryā	HL		v	to slip.
ǂqhúrī	ǂqʰúrī	ǂqhúryā	HM		v	to wash and clean the dirt. 'àbì cì ǀx'úrī dzì ǂqhúrī. 'He cleaned dirt.' ǂqhúrī-sì 'to clean; to abandon. (intransitive)'. ǀx'úrī sì khóè m̀ ǀxàè ǂqhúrī-sì. 'lit. the dirt on the skin cleaned itself, i.e. the dirt was cleaned from the skin.' khóè bì khàrì sì ǀxàè ǂqhúrī-sì. 'lit. the man was cleaned from liquor, i.e. the man abandoned drinking.' ǂqhúrī-ǀxàè 'to clean the surface of'. 'àbì cì táflè mà ǂqhúrī-ǀxàè.
ǂqhúrū	ǂqʰúrū		HM		n	cloud of dust: the fine dust stirred up by a wind.
ǂqhóōn	ǂqʰúũ̄	ǂqhówān; ǂqhóān	HM		v	to be straight (of a tree).
ǃxóó	ǃχóó	ǃxóō	HH		v	to grasp; to touch. ǃxóō-máàn-kū 'to hold one large thing together (of two persons) from both sides'. 'ētsèrà xò sà ǃxóō-máàn-kū-ā-hā. 'They are both holding one thing together from both sides.'
ǂqòbē	ǂqòbē		LM		n	the top (e.g. of a roof).
ǂqōbō	ǂqōbō	ǂqōbōnā	MM		v	to be stuck in the sand.
ǂqóè	ǂqóè		HL		n	herd of eland (both male/female). (cf. ǃnàè, dzénè, ǂnà'nì, ǁnààn).
ǂqòò	ǂqòò		LL		n	the clay used for fermentation of liquor.
ǂqòrè	ǂqòrè	ǂqòrē	LL		v	to be exhausted; to be tired out.
ǂqórò	ǂqórò		HL		n	leather fringe.
ǃxóò	ǃχóò		HL		n	pipe. (loan from Naro).
ǂqúà	ǂqúà	ǂqūā	HL		v	to connect; to elongate by adding something; to be entangled; to stay copulated.
ǂqùà	ǂqùà		LL		n	entangled and successive feces resulting from the consumption of Ledebouria sp.
ǂqùà	ǂqùà	ǂqùā	LL		v	to defecate a very long piece of feces. 'àbì kōōkā ǂqùā-hā. 'He has still gone to toilet for the entangled feces (and not returned yet).'
ǂqòānǂqònà (sī)	ǂqùã̄-ǂqùnà (-sī)		LMLLM		v	to fix loosely, to hang.
ǂqúbū	ǂqúbū		HM		n	light grey clay found in water-pits which is used for coloring.
ǂqúì	ǂqúì		HL		n	tree (bush) with thorns. (unidentified). (classified as ìī).
ǂqùm̄	ǂqùm̄		LM	[ǂqùᵊm̄]	n	deep sand; sandy area where people and animals have walked on making the surface soft.
ǂqùm̄ǂqùm̀	ǂqùm̄-ǂqùm̀		LMLL		v	to become deep (of sand).
ǂqónò	ǂqúnù		HL		n	star (generic), a meteor; hedgehog. (cf. ǀxáínnī).
ǂqùū	ǂqùū		LM		n	an edible flesh of a fruit (Acanthosicyos naudiniana (Sond) Jeffrey).
ǂqòōnǂqònò	ǂqùũ̄-ǂqùnù		LMLL		n	millipede. (cf. ǀx'ábī). (Gǁana: ǂqòēn-ǂqònè).
ǃxóò	ǃχóò	ǃxōō	HL		v	to stop suddenly (with such a great momentum as to stick one's foot into the sand).
ǂù'ōn	ǂṵ̀ũ̄		LM	[ǂuˤ᷅ᵊũ]	n	main dorsal atery and vein. aorta and vena cava. (cf. ǃòòn).
ǂúā	ǂúā	ǂúrā	HM		v	to stretch (a hide, etc.).
ǂùā	ǂùā	ǂùrā	LM		v	to smear, to apply extensively. ǁnúì sì kà ǂùā 'to apply a lot of oil'.
ǂūā	ǂūā		MM		n	fur rug. (loan from Naro).
ǂúī	ǂúī	ǂúyā	HM		v	to be many (referring to the numbers larger than three).
ǂùì	ǂùì	ǂùyā	LL		v	to tilt (a container) (e.g. for showing its contents). ǃnáà sà ǂùì (-'ō).
ǂùī	ǂùī	ǂùyā	LM		v	to go mad; to go crazy and violent; to become abnormal. (synonym: dzùbā, dzúā-dzùà, ǁgà'ō), (cf. pìrì).
ǂūī	ǂūī		MM		n	nose; the non-bladed end of digging stick ǀnòè. the weight of a shuttlecock dzènè. ǂnúí-ǂūī clitoris. 'The nose of large game animals is eaten exclusively by women.'
ǂúm̀	ǂúm̀		HL	[ǂúᵊm̀]	n	thigh (referring to both bone and flesh).
ǂúm̀	ǂúm̀		HL	[ǂúᵊm̀]	n	name of a star (unidentified). (cf. céèn).
ǂùm̀	ǂùm̀		LL	[ǂùᵊm̀]	n	red brown locust (whose heu is blackish) (classified as ǂēmē).
ǂūm̄	ǂūm̄	ǂōmā	MM	[ǂūᵊm̄]	v	to bury a part of something in sand (e.g. the burning end of a firewood). ǀ'éē kx'áḿ dzì ǂūm̄. 'to bury the ignited tip of the firewood in the sand.'
ǂùm̀ts'òrò	ǂùm̀-tsʼòrò		LLLL	[ǂùᵊm̀-tsʼòrò]	n	place name.
ǂúḿǂùm̀	ǂúḿ-ǂùm̀		HHLL	[ǂúᵊḿ-ǂùᵊm̀]	n	generic name for ants and termites; winged ant (classifed as ǂúḿ-ǂùm̀).
ǂúḿǂùm̀ǁgóbó	ǂúḿ-ǂùm̀-ɡǁóbó		HHLLHH	[ǂúᵊḿǂùᵊm̀-ɡǁóbó]	n	sp. ant (unidentified).
ǂònà	ǂùnà		LL		n	crocodile.
ǂónó	ǂúnú	ǂónwā	HH		v	to bend body (as a treatment); to twist something.
ǂúrí	ǂúrí		HH		n	stump of tree; partly cut-off dead branch on the trunk. (synonym: ǂgúrí).
ǂúrì	ǂúrì	ǂūryā	HL		v	to remove dead branches to trim and straighten a tree trunk.
ǂùrī	ǂùrī		LM		n	soot.
ǂúū	ǂúū	ǂúwā; ǂúā	HM		v	to rain (intransitive); (for the rain) to dampen something(transitive). (Gǁana: ts'éé).
ǂūū	ǂūū	ǂūwā; ǂūā	MM		v	to gather (edible plants); to collect (typically, a job for women).
ǂùùǃáó	ǂùù-ǃáó		LLHH		n	the lower abdomen.
ǂóōn	ǂúũ̄	ǂówān; ǂóān	HM		v	to bake something by burying it in the sand under the bonfire.
ǂòòn	ǂùũ̀	ǂòwān; ǂòān	LL		v	to land (after a jump); to stop by sticking one's legs into the sand.
ǂòòn	ǂùũ̀	ǂòwān; ǂòān	LL		v	to buy (obsolete).
ǂòōn	ǂùũ̄	ǂòwān; ǂòān	LM		v	to sand bathe, scent mark (e.g. of eland, wildbeest, hartebeest, ostrich). (cf. dyìbī). dyúù bì cì ǂòōn-kx'ì. 'The male eland is sand-bathing with the face rubbed against the earth.'
ǃxóókx'àì	ǃχóó-qχʼàì		HHLL		v	to hide one's face. (Gǁana: xóó-kx'àì).
ǃxóókx'àrì	ǃχóó-qχʼàrì		HHLL		v	to hide (of the sun). (Gǁana: xóó-kx'àrì).
ǂx'áàn	ǂqχʼáã̀		HL		n	broken piece of grass; sp. termite that feeds on pieces of grass. (Hodotermes mossambicus).
ǂx'āān	ǂqχʼāã̄	ǂx'ānā; ǂx'ēnā	MM		v (taste)	to have the good smell and tast of gemsbok meat (referring to the good taste and smell of some animal fat).
ǂx'ábè	ǂqχʼábè	ǂx'ābē	HL		v	to cut off ribs.
ǂx'áì	ǂqχʼáì	ǂx'āyā	HL		v	to be spicy; to be somewhat harsh and irritating to one's palate (of food); to be tongue-burning hot.
ǂx'áī	ǂqχʼáī		HM		n	metal accessory; cutlery. (ex. gúrú-'ò 'ankle ring', ǁàī-'ò 'knee ring', ǃ'úḿ-'ò 'wrist ring', ǁ'óàn-'ō 'arm ring', ǁāē-ǃx'áó 'necklace', ǂéē-'ò 'ear ring'). (cf. ǂx'ai-ǂgèbē 'metal spoon')
ǂx'áīǁxánè (m̀ kà cèècèbè)	ǂqχ'áī-ǁχánì (m̀ kà cìècìbè)		HMHLLLLLLL		n	hairy caterpillar.
ǂx'āīǂx'āī	ǂqχʼāī-ǂqχʼāī		MMMM		v	to be hot, to be feverish.
ǂx'áèn	ǂqχʼáĩ̀	ǂx'āyān	HL		v	(intransitive) to say something incorrect; to lie: to say something wrong; to say something nonexistent.
ǂx'ám̀	ǂqχʼám̀	ǂx'āmā	HL		v	to rush (a flea) with one's fingers.
ǂx'ámá	ǂqχʼámá		HH		n	dust, refuse, a small piece of waste.
ǂx'án̄n	ǂqχʼán̄	ǂx'ánā	HM		v	to broil over charcoal; to toast (e.g. meat; wood for barking; watermelon, ǃ'ūm̄-ǀ'ìn, Cucumis kalahariensis).
ǂx'áó	ǂqχʼáó		HH		n	language name of ǂx'áú-ǁ'àèn.
ǂx'árò	ǂqχʼárò		HL		n	buffalo thorn (Ziziphus mucronata) (classified as ìī).
ǂx'áū	ǂqχʼáū	ǂx'áwā	HM		v	to sit quietly out of doors in a group (when it's cool).
ǂx'úā	ǂqχʼúā	ǂx'úrā	HM		v	to come out, to go out; to appear; to happen.(intransitive) ǂx'úā-xò '【v】 to take out.' ǂx'úrā-cìèn 'to be about to go out/leave one's seat.'
ǂx'óán	ǂqχʼúã́	ǂx'óān	HH		v	to pound well and make (porrige) soft and smooth.
ǂx'ómē	ǂqχʼúmī	ǂx'ómyā	HM		v	to mix different things.
ǂx'ōnō	ǂqχʼūnū		MM		n	fragments of grasses (especially, tips of grasses).
ǂx'ūrūǂx'ūrū	ǂqχʼūrū-ǂqχʼūrū		MMMM		v	(for the sun) to be hot, to be very angry. (Gǁana: ǂx'ûrū-ǂx'ùrù).
ǂx'óòn	ǂqχʼúũ̀	ǂx'ōwān; ǂx'ōān	HL		v	to be noisy.
ǂx'óòn	ǂqχʼúũ̀		HL		n	noise. 'àbì cì ǂx'óòn. 'He is noisy.'
ǂxáā	ǂχáā	ǂxárā; ǂxérā	HM		v	to move something out of the way; to make something to move away.
ǂxábà	ǂχábà	ǂxābā	HL		v	to flap wings and struggle; to make a flapping noise. (Tree leaves can be the subject).
ǂxáí	ǂχáí	ǂxáyā	HH		v	to get up, to be in good health.
ǂxáí	ǂχáí		HH		n	eye; light bulb. ǂxáí-kx'áḿ '【n】 eyelid (lit. eye-mouth).' ǂxáí ǁnāān kà móòn. 'to look sideways at.'
ǂxáì	ǂχáì		HL		n	wire.
ǂxāī	ǂχāī	ǂxāyā	MM		v	to be relatively late in the morning (at around 10 a.m.). 'ē ǂxāī kà, 'àbì àà. 'He comes when it is around ten.'
ǂxáísènà	ǂχáí-sènà		HHLL		v	to look out over, overlook.
ǂxáēn	ǂχáĩ̄	ǂxáyān	HM		v	to carry; to carry something big as if to drag.
ǂxāēn	ǂχāĩ̄		MM		n	udder.
ǂxáná	ǂχáná		HH		n	mucus; cold (with a running nose/a cough).
ǂxánò	ǂχánù	ǂxānwā	HL		v	to praise (transitive). cèrè 'àmà ǂxánò.
ǂxānō	ǂχānū	ǂxānwā	MM		v	to enter a path along which to walk; to join a line of moving people, to merge with a group of people. 'àbì dyíò mà ǂxānō. 'He entered a path (e.g. from a forest).' 'àbì khóè ǁù ǀxàè ǂxānō. 'He joined a line of people (who were already dancing or walking).'
ǂxáòsī	ǂχáò-sī		HLM		v	(for a huge thing) to be (there) firmly (immovably). dyúù bì cì ǂxáò-sī.
ǂxáòsī	ǂχáò-sī		HLM		adv	firmly immovably (sitting, standing).
ǂxárè	ǂχárè	ǂxārē	HL		v	(transitive) to cut out; to rip; (for a flower) to fall (having produced seeds or fruits).
ǂxārī	ǂχārī		MM		n	sp. tree (Rhus tenuinervis Engl?) (classified as ìī).
ǂxáú	ǂχáú	ǂxáwā	HH		v	to flatter (without much sincerity). (rare). (often used by Molapo-Gǁana speakers).
ǂxáù	ǂχáù	ǂxāwā	HL		v	to fill up (a hole with gum). to seal (a hole).
ǂxáyān	ǂχájã̄	ǂxáyānnā	HM		v	to comb out, stretch long hair; to iron. (loan from Naro).
ǂxáyān	ǂχájã̄		HM		n	paper.
ǂxórè	ǂχórè	ǂxōrē	HL		v	(intransitive) to work slowly like a child; to be making little progress in work. (loan from Naro).
ǂxōrē	ǂχōrē	ǂxōrēnā	MM		v	to be hung from the waist (e.g. a knife).
ǂxūā	ǂχūā		MM		n	African Elephant. (Loxodonta africana).
ǂxōān	ǂχūã̄		MM		n	African Elephant. (Loxodonta africana). variant of ǂxūā.
ǂxúbī	ǂχúbī		HM		n	an elbow (cf. ǂhónē 'elbow bone'); an eczema with a small protrusion; an eczema that would form a scab.
ǂxúī	ǂχúī	ǂxúyā	HM		v	to thread a bead.
ǂxúm̄	ǂχúm̄	ǂxómā	HM	[ǂχúᵊm̄]	v	to boil and stir the meat to mix it with fat. 'àbì ǀxáā sà ǂxúm̄. 'He boiled and stired the meat.'
ǂxúm̄	ǂχúm̄		HM	[ǂχúᵊm̄]	n	the cooked meat mixed with fat.
ǂxónò	ǂχúnù		HL		n	the lower part of the spine above the tailbone.
ǂxónò	ǂχúnù		HL		n	the third stick of the springhare hunting rod (ǂgà'n̄n).
ǂxúrà	ǂχúrà	ǂxūrā	HL		v	to rake out; to dig out (with fingers/wood).
ǂxúràkx'āī	ǂχúrà-qχʼāī		HLMM		v	to point the finger at (someone) to criticize.
ǂxūū	ǂχūū	ǂxūwā; ǂxūā	MM		v	to be moist, to be soaked; to contain moisture; to be boiled (cooked); to be soft. (cf. ǀx'áān).
ǂxōōn	ǂχūũ̄		MM		n	the brain.
ǃxórē	ǃχórē		HM		n	beads made of ostrich egg shell. (cf. ǃx'ām̄, kx'óòn-sà). (Gǁana: xórē).
ǃ'á'nè	ǃʔá̰nì	ǃ'ā'nyā	HL	[ǃʔáˤnì]	v	(for the moon) still to be seen in the morning; (for the moon) still to be seen in the daytime.
ǃ'áāǂ'àm̀	ǃʔáā-ǂʔàm̀		HMLL		v	to throw a punch (for threatening).
ǃ'āāǃ'àà	ǃʔāā-ǃʔàà		MMLL		v	to be astonished.
ǃ'áàn	ǃʔáã̀		HL		n	the spot where the body of a game lies; place for taking the game apart. (Gǁana: 'áàn).
ǃ'áān	ǃʔáã̄	ǃ'ánā; ǃ'énā	HM		v	to understand; to know. (Gǁana: 'áān).
ǃ'ábà	ǃʔábà	ǃ'ābā	HL		v	to get on something. (loan from Naro).
ǃ'ábī	ǃʔábī	ǃ'ábyā	HM		v	to carve off; to cut out; to pull out something stuck/buried; to take apart things that are attached.
ǃ'ábò	ǃʔábò	ǃ'ābō	HL		v	to climb up (e.g. a tree). (Gǁana: 'ábò).
ǃ'ábú	ǃʔábú	ǃ'ábwā	HH		v	to close.
ǃ'ábú	ǃʔábú		HH		n	hunting gun.
ǃ'áè	ǃʔáè		HL		n	belt of collective dried river beds.
ǃ'áē	ǃʔáē	ǃ'árē	HM		v	to tremble; to show one's surprise.
ǃ'áḿ	ǃʔáḿ	ǃ'ámā	HH		v	to be half-transparent; to be gray, whitish (e.g. light-colored skin); to be clean without dirt or waste (of water/sand).
ǃ'ām̄	ǃʔām̄	ǃ'āmā	MM		v	to gather momentum gradually (slow at first) (e.g. the way of running/talking). (synonym: ǀgáò (this word can also mean rain and wind)).
ǃ'ám̀ǃnàrè	ǃʔám̀-ŋǃàrè		HLLL		v	to increase the speed, to raise velocity. ǃ'ám̀-ǃnàrè tsàm̀ ǃóòn. 'Letʼs go quickly.'(synonym: ǀgáò.)
ǃ'ám̀kx'áḿ	ǃʔám̀-qχʼáḿ		HLHH		v	to put away (e.g. put a knife into its sheath); to close; to connect; to insert A into B and join them together (e.g. an arrowhead into the shaft).
ǃ'ánè	ǃʔánì		HL		n	the center; the space between two things.
ǃ'ánē	ǃʔánī	ǃ'ányā	HM		v	to be small (of a hole).
ǃ'áò	ǃʔáò	ǃ'āō	HL		v	to feel lonely; to be frightened. (loan from Naro).
ǃ'āōgònà	ǃʔāō-ɡùnà		MMLL		v	to feel lonely; to be frightened. (Gǁana: 'âō-gònà).
ǃ'áréxō	ǃʔáré-χō		HHM		v	to scare, frighten. (< ǃ'áē 'be frighened') (Gǁana: ǃ'áré-xò).
ǃ'árī	ǃʔárī	ǃ'áryā	HM		v	to scrape off one's dirt (like the scraps of an eraser).
ǃ'áū	ǃʔáū	ǃ'áwā	HM		v	to cry out (in fear). (Gǁana: 'áū).
ǃ'āūts'ī	ǃʔāū-tsʼī		MMM		n	the nape, the back of neck. (Gǁana: 'âū-ts'ī).
ǃ'áùǃ'ārū	ǃʔáù-ǃʔārū		HLMM		v	to turn one's back, to face the opposit direction, to turn around. (cf. ǃ'áù-mēnā-cèèn/ǃóòn 'to be standing/walking with one's back turned'). (Gǁana: 'áù-'ārū).
ǃ'āōn	ǃʔāũ̄	ǃ'āwān	MM		v	to get out of breath, to have difficulty in breathing (from fast running).
ǃ'óbè	ǃʔóbè	ǃ'ōbē	HL		v	to fold something (many times) (e.g. a rope).
ǃ'óbè	ǃʔóbè		HL		n	fold.
ǃ'óè	ǃʔóè		HL		n	leopard (Panthera pardus).
ǃ'óé'ò	ǃʔóé-ʔò		HHL		n	the area between eyebrows; the middle of the forehead.
ǃ'óèǀgèēnnē	ǃʔóè-ɡǀìĩ̄-nī		HLLMM		n	sp. fly, greenbottle fly (classified as ǀgèēn-nē).
ǃ'óèǁàmà	ǃʔóè-ǁàmà		HLLL		n	sp. beetle (classified as ǁàmà).
ǃ'óèǃgárúǂhēē	ǃʔóè-ɡǃárú-ǂʰēē		HLHHMM		n	place name.
ǃ'ōō	ǃʔōō	ǃ'ōrō	MM		v	to stride over; straddle.
ǃ'óòkx'àrà	ǃʔóò-qχʼàrà		HLLL		adv	beneath, under.
ǃ'ù'rā	ǃʔṵ̀rā	ǃ'ù'rānā	LM	[ǃʔùᵊˤlā]	v	to be poor; to have nothing; to lack skills to make things.
ǃ'úá	ǃʔúá	ǃ'úā	HH		v	to meet; to come across; to arrange to meet; to come across something coming from the opposite direction.
ǃ'úā	ǃʔúā		HM		adv	on this side (of something), before (spatial).
ǃ'óàn	ǃʔúã̀		HL		n	hare (Lepus capensis).
ǃ'óān	ǃʔúã̄	ǃ'ónā	HM		v	to bring. (irregular verb: ǃ'únānā 'irregular juncture form' ). (Gǁana: 'ónā).
ǃ'ōānhā	ǃʔūã̄-hā		MMM		v	to own. (Gǁana: 'ôān-hà).
ǃ'úbùǃ'ùbù	ǃʔúbù-ǃʔùbù		HLLL		v	to hit an opponent shaking one's fist.
ǃ'úì	ǃʔúì	ǃ'ūyā	HL		v	to be small (of a pan i.e. dry ancient lake). ǀnèn sì ǃóò sì ǃ'úì.
ǃ'úìǃùm̀	ǃʔúì-ǃùm̀		HLLL		n	name of the former Gǀui and Gǁana settlement in CKGR, aka Xade.
ǃ'úḿ	ǃʔúḿ		HH	[ǃʔúᵊḿ]	n	the forearm (bone/flesh). ǃ'úḿ-kx'àm̀ '【n】 wrist.'
ǃ'ùm̀	ǃʔùm̀	ǃ'òmā	LL	[ǃʔùᵊm̀]	v	to put something down and place it in a vertical position; to bring to a standstill.
ǃ'úm̀ǃ'úm̀	ǃʔúm̀-ǃʔúm̀		HLHL	[ǃʔúᵊm̀-ǃʔúᵊm̀]	v	to have a round head (like a ball).
ǃ'ómá	ǃʔúmá		HH		n	place name.
ǃ'ómá	ǃʔúmá		HH		n	anthill, ant mound; the name of a forest near Qaucue.
ǃ'úrú	ǃʔúrú		HH		n	sp. tree. used to make a spearhandle (classified as ìī). (cf. ǃgáàǃgàbà).
ǃ'ūrūǃ'ùrù	ǃʔūrū-ǃʔùrù		MMLL		v	to dry and wither.
ǃ'úú	ǃʔúú	ǃ'úwā; ǃ'úā	HH		v	to be bright; to be white.
ǃ'úù	ǃʔúù		HL		n	scab (of a festering wound).
ǃ'úū	ǃʔúū	ǃ'úwā; ǃ'úā	HM		v	to dawn.
ǃ'úū	ǃʔúū		HM		n	morning. (cf. ǃ'úú). (Gǁana: 'úū).
ǃ'óón	ǃʔúṹ	ǃ'ówān; ǃ'óān	HH		v	to search for and collect something (e.g. firewood/food).
ǃ'óōn	ǃʔúũ̄		HM		n	self. used to emphasize pronoun (often with -kha). none other than....; ... itself.
ǃ'ōōn	ǃʔūũ̄	ǃ'ōwān; ǃ'ōān	MM		v	to own. (Gǁana: 'ôōn).
ǃà'ān	ǃà̰ã̄		LM	[ǃàˤã̄]	n	pied crow (Corvus albus). (Gǁana: ǁ'ù'rà). (cf. qgùrā).
ǃá'mē	ǃá̰mī	ǃá'myā	HM	[ǃáˤmī]	v	to fill an opening with something; to seal; to lay grass over a snare hole (to hide the hole); (when somebody builds a hut) to fill the gaps of wall logs with thin sticks. ǃá'mī-sī ǂnòèn. 'to sit cross-legged.' (synonym: ǃá'mī-'ō, ǃāmē-sī). ǃá'mī-kx'ì 'to cross one's arms covering the face with them'.
ǃá'nà	ǃá̰nà		HL	[ǃáˤnà]	n	sp. plant. (Diamphidia simplex larva eats its leaves). (classified as ìī). (Gǁana: kà'nà).
ǃà'ò	ǃà̰ò	ǃà'ō	LL	[ǃàˤò]	v	to gather (of many people), to assemble (of many people).
ǃà'òngù	ǃà̰ũ̀-ɡù		LLL	[ǃàˤũ̀-ɡù]	n	play of jumping.
ǃáā	ǃáā	ǃárā; ǃérā	HM		v	not to be found (referring to the thing one is looking for, on the spot where it is supposed to be). ǃáā-'ō 'to have finished, to have left nothing' ǂ'óón-xò sà (ǂ'u᷇w-ã-)ǃáā-'ō. 'to have finished the food and have no food.' (Gǁana: káā).
ǃàà	ǃàà	ǃàā	LL		v	to leave a child behind (of men/animals); to withdraw a snare.
ǃáàǃx'áā	ǃáà-ǃqχʼáā		HLHM		v	to be as a large group (of people, animals).
ǃáàn	ǃáã̀	ǃāān	HL		v	to wait. (often used in the phrase, ǃáàn kx'áyà. 'Wait a minute'). (loan from Naro). (Gǁana: ǃqáónǃqàòn).
ǃáàn	ǃáã̀	ǃāān	HL		v	to stretch (something folded; arms, legs). ǃáàn-ǁ'óàn/ǀ'óán 'to stretch oneʼs arms/legs.' (Gǁana: káàn).
ǃáánǃáán	ǃáã́-ǃáã́		HHHH		v	to be young and lively; new, beautiful (faultless).
ǃáānǃáān	ǃáã̄-ǃáã̄		HMHM		v	to be small and slender.
ǃábā	ǃábā	ǃábānā	HM		v	to (spread and) dry something. (e.g. the small fruit of Grewia flava DC.; animal hide; laundry; something washed)(not applied for vessels). ǃábā-'ō 'to spread inside' khóō sà ǃábā-'ō. 'to spread and dry the inside of a hide.'
ǃábé	ǃábé		HH		n	grey hornbill, Tockus nasutus (edible) (considered to be the young brother of Tockus flavirostris). (Gǁana: ǃáwé).
ǃàbè	ǃàbè		LL		n	big tree of kx'úm̄, 'brandybush' (Grewia flava DC.).
ǃábì	ǃábì	ǃābyā	HL		v	to ride and drive a donkey. (loan from Naro).
ǃáé	ǃáé	ǃáē	HH		v	to keep many cattles, to raise a lot of livestock. (Gǁana: kéé).
ǃáé	ǃáé	ǃáē	HH		v	to tie up, to bind (transitive). ǃáé-'ō 'to tie to make an inside-part of'. ǁnà'ū sà ǃáé-'ō. 'to tie the front legs and the back legs of a hide in order to make the hide a bag (to make inside-part).' ǃáé-ǀxàè 'to tie at/with' dāōn-gū mà ǃáé-ǀxàè. 'to tie (e.g. rope) with a donkey.' dāōn-gū m̀ kà ǁnà'ū dzì ǃáé-ǀxārē-hā. 'to have tied up the hides onto the donkey.' (Gǁana: kéé).
ǃáē	ǃáē	ǃárē	HM		v	to come back to life; to straighten up. (of plant, animal, human). (Gǁana: kéē).
ǃāē	ǃāē	ǃārē	MM		v	to fall into a trap (intransitive). (Gǁana: kêē).
ǃāē	ǃāē	ǃārē	MM		v	to tie a loincloth or an apron, to wear trousers (transitive). (Gǁana: kêē).
ǃāē	ǃāē		MM		n	an apron (for women or young children). (Women wear it with a skirt). (cf. ǃúū). (Gǁana: kêē).
ǃáénā	ǃáé-nā		HHM		n	champion, strong person, naughty child. (synonym: cóōrà).
ǃàēǃàrè	ǃàē-ǃàrè		LMLL		v	to cheat, dupe. (Gǁana: kèē-kèrè).
ǃáì	ǃáì	ǃāyā	HL		v	to kick. 'àmà ǃáì. 'to kick him.' ǃáì-'ō 'to kick in the belly'. ǃáì-kx'ī 'to kick in the face'. (Gǁana: ǂ'íí).
ǃàì	ǃàì		LL		n	cause for a trouble; something wrong; the reason for a painful experience; the reason for the anger. (Gǁana: kìì).
ǃáīǃárī	ǃáī-ǃárī		HMHM		v	to be still hard. (Gǁana: kírī-kírī).
ǃàìǃàrì	ǃàì-ǃàrì		LLLL		v	to be fully moist (e.g. sand); to be glossy (e.g. the black and smooth surface of the part of bee hive).
ǃáèn	ǃáĩ̀	ǃāyān	HL		v	to be good (for the senses except for the sight); to taste good; to be comfortable, pleasant, fragrant. ǃāyān-máàn 'to entertain'. kx'óèn sà kénē sì kà qhán̄n dzì cíā ǃāyān-máàn chāmā; chēmā. 'Stories about New Xade do not entertain me.' (Gǁana: káèn).
ǃám̄	ǃám̄		HM		n	penis; the thin base of an iron spearhead (the opposite end of the blade point). (Gǁana: kám̄).
ǃám̄cābōrōbōrò	ǃám̄-cā-bōrōbōrò		HMMMMML		n	sp. insect (classified as ǀgèēn-nē).
ǃámà	ǃámà	ǃāmā	HL		v	to pass (on the far side, in a straight line). ǁnà'n̄n dzì 'àbì ǃámà-'ō. 'He goes far to the place of tsama melons.' (Gǁana: kámà).
ǃámàkò	ǃámà-kò		HLL		n	group of Taa variety speakers.
ǃāmēsì	ǃāmī-sì		MML		v	to sit cross-legged (typically of women). (loan from Naro). 'àbì cì ǁāō ǃāmē-sì, ǁgàēkò dzì khōnā. 'He often sits cross-legged, like women.' ǃāmē-sī ǃāmē-sī ǂnóón. '【adv】 in a cross-legged position.' (Gǁana: ǃa'̂mī-hèn).
ǃáǹn	ǃáǹ	ǃānā	HL		v	to steady something with a piece of wood on top of it. (synonym: ǂqháì, ǃáǹn-'ō).
ǃánà	ǃánà	ǃānā	HL		v	to grow as vines (of climbing or trailing plants); to spread a rope.
ǃánà	ǃánà		HL		n	vine; climbing or trailing plant. ǁnà'n̄n dzì cì ǃánà. ǁnà'n̄n dzì ǃānāha. ǃánà dzì 'ī. (Gǁana: kánà).
ǃànà	ǃànà	ǃànā	LL		v	to line up. (Gǁana: kànà).
ǃáné	ǃání	ǃányā	HH		v	to pile up; to store (e.g. tsamma melons in a hut); (women) to sit around the fire and to sing. (Gǁana: kéné).
ǃànè	ǃànì	ǃànyā	LL		v	to make noise or roar in distance.
ǃán̄n	ǃán̄	ǃánā	HM		v	(for men) to hold something (that might fly away) down tightly; to press down a bow to play it as a musical instrument. (only men play the bow). khóè mà ǃán̄n-'ō/ǃán̄n-kx'ì. 'to press the belly/face of someone with a hand (for treatment)'.
ǃán̄nsì	ǃán̄-sì		HML		v	to lean. 'àbì cì ǃán̄n-sì. 'He (usually) leans.' ǃán̄n-sī '【adv】 leaning (against something).' ìī m̀ ǀxàè ǃán̄n-sī céé/ǂnóón. 'to stand/sit leaning against the tree.'
ǃánō	ǃánū		HM		n	iron, metal; sp. Caecilian. blind snake, thread snake, (Scolecophidia).
ǃànō	ǃànū	ǃànwā	LM		v	(of flames) to spread, to flare up. (Gǁana: kànō).
ǃáó	ǃáó		HH		n	the starting point of a straight motion; the base of tree/plant; windward. (cf. ǀ'áḿ). (Gǁana: káó).
ǃáó	ǃáó	ǃáō	HH		v	to knock down; to attack; to beat. (idiomatic) ǃáó-ǀxàè 'to re-cook' ǀxúrí dzì ǃáó-ǀxàè. 'to re-roast half-roasted seeds.' ǃáó-kx'ì '(for a male animal) to scrub the face with the sandy ground'. kx'óō-xò bì ǃáó-kx'ì. 'A male animal scrubs its face on the sandy ground.' séè-ǃáó 'throw down'. (Gǁana: káó).
ǃáó	ǃáó		HH		n	half; small piece made by dividing something. (Gǁana: káó).
ǃáò	ǃáò	ǃāō	HL		v	to be high, tall, long, deep.
ǃáò	ǃáò	ǃāō	HL		v	to pick; to choose (referring to the way of getting pieces of wood). (Gǁana: káò).
ǃáò	ǃáò	ǃāō	HL		v	to finally stop (of a long rain).
ǃāō	ǃāō	ǃārō; ǃērō	MM		v	(of animals) to drink water and leave (to feed on grass). (loan from Naro?)
ǃáó (kà)	ǃáó (kà)		HHL		n	side. 'àm̀ ǃáó kà. 'In his side.' (Gǁana: káó (kà)).
ǃāōkàxō	ǃāō-kà-χō		MMLM		v	to choose a set of footprints of one animal and track it.
ǃáòǁàmà	ǃáò-ǁàmà		HLLL		n	sp. beetle (back and longish). (classified as ǁàmà).
ǃáòǂēmē	ǃáò-ǂīmī		HLMM		n	sp. grasshopper (with long legs and wings). (classified as ǂēmē).
ǃàrà	ǃàrà		LL		n	sp. tree (Ochna pulchra Hook). (used for making a mortar) (with small edible fruits). (classified as ìī). (Gǁana: kàrà).
ǃàrē	ǃàrē	ǃàrēnā	LM		v	to shred meat (for preserving large pieces of large animal meat). (Gǁana: kàrē, kèrē).
ǃárì	ǃárì		HL		n	edge (e.g. of a pan).
ǃárī	ǃárī	ǃáryā	HM		v	to be strong; to be hard; to be difficult. (Gǁana: kírī).
ǃáríbè	ǃárí-bè		HHL		n	sp. grass (for medicine use) (Lasiophon kraussianus: Slbb). (classifed as ǀgáān).
ǃàrò	ǃàrò	ǃàrō	LL		v	to run; to run around. ǃàrò-'ō 'to run to get something you are expected to get' xò sà ǃàrò-'ō. 'to run to get something.' ǃàrò-ǀxàè 'to run in search of'. ǂ'óón-xò sà ǃàrò-ǀxàè. 'to run in search of food.' (Gǁana: kàrò).
ǃárū	ǃárū	ǃárwā	HM		v	to hold down something to secure it by one's hand, foot, or an object. (transitive). 'ēsì ǀnòè mà ǃhárē-céēxò yā bíī sà 'àm̀ ǀxàè ǃárwā-céēxò yā ǀ'ūn dā 'ēsì ǃnàrè kà 'ē ǃárwā-hā. 'She inserted a digging-stick (into the ground), positioned the bulb against the stick to secure it, and held the front with one of her own feet.' (Gǁana: ǃárū).
ǃárū	ǃárū	ǃárwā	HM		v	to start running; to start running at the top speed (toward a prey). (intransitive) ǃárū-kx'ì 'to start running in front of'. ǃgáēn bì 'àmà ǃárū-kx'ì. 'The steenbok starts running in front of him.'
ǃāū	ǃāū	ǃāwā	MM		v	to stay; to remain. (intransitive). ǃāū-ǀxàè 'to stay to get'; cèrè ǂ'óón-xò kà ǃ'úū-dyì sà ǃāū-ǀxàè. 'I stayed to get the breakfast.' (Gǁana: kêū).
ǃáōn	ǃáũ̄		HM		n	gravy; juice from flesh; lymph. (ǃáōn is believed to cause muscular pain when it is full in muscles). (Gǁana: káōn).
ǃáōn	ǃáũ̄	ǃáwān	HM		v	(of hunger/thirst) to cause pain in one's body. ǁàbà/ǀáḿ/chúī sì cì cíā ǃáōn. 'Hunger/sun/wound causes me to feel pain.' (Gǁana: káōn).
ǃáōn	ǃáũ̄	ǃáwān	HM		v	(of seed) to be ripen and harden (acquiring color). ǂnàn̄n-ǂē dzì ǃáōn. 'Kalahari White Bauhinia peas are ripen and harden.' (cf. dà'rì).
ǃàōn	ǃàũ̄	ǃàwān	LM		v	to carry on the shoulder something which is not very long (carrying manner of men).
ǃxúù(sī)	ǃχúù(-sī)		HLM		v	to bump into something in such a thick darkness as to cover one's eyes; to cover (e.g. a tree with a blanket).
ǃgá'bì	ɡǃá̰bì	ǃgā'byā	HL	[ɡǃáˤbì]	v	to lack a dent, dentless. (cf. ǂòrò 'dented').
ǃgá'è	ɡǃá̰è		HL	[ɡǃáˤè]	n	the malodorous smell of one's armpit (no adult is free from it).
ǃgá'ē	ɡǃá̰ē		HM	[ɡǃáˤē]	n	lion's mane.
ǃgà'īts'ī	ɡǃà̰ī-tsʼī		LMM	[ɡǃàˤī-tsʼī]	n	hut only for women.
ǃgá'mā	ɡǃá̰mā	ǃgá'mānā	HM	[ɡǃáˤmā]	v	(for the water) to become clear; for the liquor to become clear thus drinkable.
ǃgà'mā	ɡǃà̰mā	ǃgà'mānā	LM	[ɡǃàˤmā]	v	to lie near the fire.
ǃgà'māgū-ǃ'áū	ɡǃà̰mā-ɡū-ǃʔáū		LMMHM	[ɡǃàˤmāɡū]	v	to carry a digging stick behind the neck by holding it both arms. ǀnòè mà ǃgà'mā-gū-ǃ'áū 'to carry a digging stick behind the neck.'
ǃgá'mánē	ɡǃá̰má-nī		HHM	[ɡǃáˤmá-nī]	n	special name for a female ostrich in the breeding season.
ǃgá'mánē	ɡǃá̰má-nī		HHM	[ɡǃáˤmá-nī]	n	sp. bird. Sabota lark, Mirafra sabota.
ǃgá'nè	ɡǃá̰nì		HL	[ɡǃáˤnì]	n	place where the sand is hard.
ǃgà'ò	ɡǃà̰ò	ǃgà'ō	LL	[ɡǃàˤò]	v	to be quiet and relaxed (usually sitting).
ǃgá'ré	ɡǃá̰ré	ǃgá'rē	HH	[ɡǃáˤlé]	v	(intransitive) to turn round and look out of the corner of one's eye. 'àmà ǃgá'ré-'ō. 'to turn and look at him.'
ǃgá'ū	ɡǃá̰ū	ǃgá'wā	HM	[ɡǃáˤū]	v	to sieve, filter, strain. 'àbì ǀgáān dzì kà tsháā sà ǃgá'ū. 'He filtered water with grass.' 'àbì tíì mà sééfò sì kà ǃgá'ū. 'He sieved the tea with a tea-strainer.'
ǃgā'ōngū	ɡǃā̰ũ̄-ɡū		MMM	[ɡǃāˤũ̄-ɡū]	n	the high-jump (play). ǃgā'ūn-gū sà ǁnàì. 'to do the high jump.'
ǃgáà	ɡǃáà		HL		n	an awl (a tool for makeing a hole). (Gǁana: gáà).
ǃgáā	ɡǃáā	ǃgárā; ǃgérā	HM		v	(for a tree) to hurt people; to leave a cut or wound. ìī bì cíā ǃgáā. 'The tree hurted me.' (cf. tsā'rā). 'àmà ǃgáā-kx'ì. 'to wound him in the face.'
ǃgàāǃgàbà	ɡǃàā-ɡǃàbà		LMLL		n	part of the jumping trap (ǃgui), which is like a hook made of ǁam-ts'a tree branch.
ǃgábā	ɡǃábā	ǃgábānā	HM		v	(intransitive) to look back while going away. ǀxóò bì 'àmà ǃgábā-'ō. 'The gemsbok looked back at him.'
ǃgábí	ɡǃábí		HH		n	edge (of dried lakes).
ǃgàbū	ɡǃàbū	ǃgàbwā	LM		v	to have an erection. (This word makes women embarrassed). ǃx'āē-ts'ī ǃgàbū. 'to have one's private part of the body (around the genitals) exposed; to lack loincloth/underpants.' 'àbì ('ēsì) ǃx'āē-ts'ī ǃgàbwā-hā. 'He (she) has his (her) private part exposed.'
ǃgáè	ɡǃáè	ǃgāē	HL		v	to keep someone from doing something; to calm an angry person. (synonym: ǃqhāī-kàxō). cèrè 'e-tsèrà ǃgáè. (Gǁana: géè).
ǃgáè	ɡǃáè	ǃgāē	HL		v	to shout at somebody (shouting eeh). cèrè ǀóán mà ǃgáè. 'I shouted at the child.' cèrè ǀóán mà ǃgáè-ǀxàè. 'I shouted at the child.' (Gǁana: géè).
ǃgàī	ɡǃàī		LM		n	red-crested Korhaan, Eupodotis ruficrista. (its meat is edible and tasty). (Gǁana: gìī).
ǃgáēn	ɡǃáĩ̄		HM		n	steenbok, Raphicerus campestris. (Gǁana: gáēn).
ǃgáēnmàǁgà'm̄	ɡǃáĩ̄-mà-ɡǁà̰m̄		HMLLM	[ɡǃáĩ̄-mà-ɡǁàˤm̄]	n	ground beetle (classified as ǁàmà). (Gǁana: gáēn-mà-ǁgà'm̄).
ǃgáēnǂáó	ɡǃáĩ̄-ǂáó		HMHH		n	sp. buprestid (classified as ǁàmà).
ǃgám̀	ɡǃám̀	ǃgāmā	HL		v	to throw something away. (transitive) (without a target). ǃgám̀-kx'ī 'to raise one's face quickly', 'àbì ǃgám̀-kx'ī yā 'ēsà móòn. 'He raised his face quickly and saw her.' (Gǁana: gám̀).
ǃgàm̀	ɡǃàm̀	ǃgàmā	LL		v	to be left-handed.
ǃgàm̀	ɡǃàm̀		LL		n	left arm. (synonym: ǁgàē-ǁ'óàn.) (Gǁana: gàm̀).
ǃgáǹn	ɡǃáǹ	ǃgānā	HL		v	(transitive) to blame someone about something (especially having failed to receive a certain thing from that person). ǂ'óón-xò sà ǃgáǹn-'ō. 'to blame for little food.' 'àmà ǃgáǹn-ǀxāē. 'to blame him aggressively.' (Gǁana: gáǹn).
ǃgánē	ɡǃánī		HM		n	jaw (the tip of the jaw; the area under the lower lip). (Gǁana: génē).
ǃgànè	ɡǃànì		LL		n	headband-like hair style. (Gǁana: ǃgáné).
ǃgàò	ɡǃàò		LL		n	quiver (uncovered with the leather).
ǃgàō	ɡǃàō	ǃgàrō; ǃgèrō	LM		v	to sing in a low voice (of men). (cf. ǁnáè). (Gǁana: gàō).
ǃgàòxà	ɡǃàò-χà		LLL		n	place name.
ǃgárì	ɡǃárì	ǃgāryā	HL		v	to thatch a roof. (cf. ǁhàì). ǃnúū mà ǃgárì-ǀxāē. 'lit. to thatch-on a hut, (i.e. to thatch to patch a leaking part of the hut).' (Gǁana: gírì).
ǃgárì	ɡǃárì	ǃgāryā	HL		v	to have a mestrual period. (Males avoid uttering the word, ǃgárì in this meaning in front of women, and instead use expressios such as, 'ēsì ǃ'áù-ǃ'ārwā-hā. 'lit. she has turned her back.' 'ēsì ǀgóbē-nā-hā. 'lit. she has stepped aside.' 'ēsì ǀ'éē-ts'énè-'ò wà háān. 'lit. she is in smoke of the cooking fire'). (Gǁana: gírì).
ǃgáròsī	ɡǃárò-sī		HLM		n	honey badger (Mellivora capensis). (Gǁana: gárò-sī).
ǃgárú	ɡǃárú		HH		n	large piece of load (on the shoulders) (wrapped up in a hide or bundled up with a rope). (cf. sáòn, ǃháyā).
ǃgàrū	ɡǃàrū	ǃgàrwā	LM		v	to have nothing; to be an incompetent person. (Gǁana: gèrū).
ǃgáūǃnàrī	ɡǃáū-ŋǃàrī		HMLM		n	lower jaw. (synchronically unanalyzable compound). (Gǁana: ngáārì).
ǃgóbè	ɡǃóbè	ǃgōbē	HL		v	to roar, howl in the distance. (intransitive). ǀíī sà ǃgóbè-'ō. 'to sing in a special low voice mimicking an animal's voice (when they sing the song called yîā-ǀíī).'
ǃgòē	ɡǃòē		LM		n	sp. frog (unidentified, Amietophrynus gutturalis?). (supposed to come falling down with the rain). (Gǁana: gòē).
ǃgóò	ɡǃóò		HL		n	aardvark (Orycteropus afer). (Gǁana: góò).
ǃgóō	ɡǃóō	ǃgórō	HM		v	to grow quickly (of caterpillar). Used metaphorically for getting an erection.
ǃgòòxòrò	ɡǃòò-χòrò		LLLL		n	windpipe, trachea. (Gǁana: ǃgòō-xòrò).
ǃgóòǂúḿǂùm̀	ɡǃóò-ǂúḿ-ǂùm̀		HLHHLL	[ɡǃóò-ǂúᵊḿ-ǂùᵊm̀]	n	sp. ant. ǃgóò-ǂúḿǂùm̀ literally means aardvark ant. aardvarks like to eat this species of ant (classifed as ǂúḿ-ǂùm̀). (Gǁana: góò-ǂúḿ-ǂùm̀).
ǃgóré	ɡǃóré	ǃgórē	HH		v	to be sufficiently cooked (of skin). (Gǁana: góré).
ǃgòrò	ɡǃòrò		LL		n	sp. black lizard. (unidentified).
ǃxúī	ǃχúī	ǃxúyā	HM		v	to lower the head and drag something along the ground.
ǃqgáàn	ǃɢáã̀		HL		n	the appellation for the imago termite (Hodotermes mossambicus).
ǃqgábì	ǃɢábì	ǃqgābyā	HL		v	to be large (big and long) (of person, thing).
ǃqgàī	ǃɢàī	ǃqgàyā	LM		v	to be skinny and full of wrinkles.
ǃqgáḿ	ǃɢáḿ	ǃqgámā	HH		v	to let a (crying) child smell one's armpit sweat in order to soothe the child into sleep. (cf. ǁx'āwān). ǀoan mà ǃqgáḿ.
ǃqgám̀	ǃɢám̀		HL		n	sp. small and colorful snake.
ǃqgárì	ǃɢárì	ǃqgāryā	HL		v	to drink very cold water or eat very cold food. tsháā sà ǃqgāryā kx'áà. 'to drink cold water.' ǃqgāryā ǂ'óón. 'to eat cold food.' tsháā sà ǃqgárì. 'to drink cold water.' ǀxáā sà ǃqgāriā kx'óō. 'to eat cold meat.'
ǃqgáwān	ǃɢáwã̄	ǃqgáwānnā	HM		v	to get cold. 'ē ǃqgáwān-nā-hā. 'It has become cold.'
ǃqgáwān	ǃɢáwã̄		HM		n	the coldness, low temperature. ǂ'áán sì cì ǃqgáwān sà ts'áōn. 'lit. the wind is making coldness, (i.e. it is getting cold).'
ǃqgòbē	ǃɢòbē	ǃqgòbēnā	LM		v	to brew; to soak. (Gǁana: qgòbē, ǃqgòbē).
ǃqgóē	ǃɢóē	ǃqgórē	HM		v	to glimmer red in the distance; to glitter red in the night.
ǃqgóō	ǃɢóō	ǃqgórō	HM		v	to do something in parallel; (for a pair of people) to do one thing together; (for one person) to do two same/similar things at one time. 'ētsèrà cì ǃqgóō. 'They two are going along together.' 'àbì síí ǃgáēn tsèrà ǃqgóō. 'He went and did hunted two male steenboks.'
ǃqgórē	ǃɢórē	ǃqgórēnā	HM		v	(of a person and animal) to be dull, slow-moving, stupid. (Gǁana: qgórē).
ǃqgòān	ǃɢùã̄		LM		n	semen.
ǃqgòèn	ǃɢùĩ̀	ǃqgòyān	LL		v	to remove away something stuck to the suface. ǂgéè sì ǂ'óón-xò sà ǃnáàn sì ǀxàè ǃqgòèn. 'to remove sticky food from the inside of the bowl; to take off a heavy load from one's back.' ǃgárú dzì dāōn-gū m̀ ǀxàè ǃqgòèn. 'to take off luggage from a donky.'
ǃqgóènkū	ǃɢúĩ̀-kū		HLM		v	to be unable to do anything like a child.
ǃqgúm̀	ǃɢúm̀	ǃqgōmā	HL	[ǃɢúᵊm̀]	v	to grow and gain a little weight (of a still small child or animal).
ǃqgómā	ǃɢúmā		HM		n	soft sand; the soft sand that appears when some grasses are turned over.
ǃqgúū	ǃɢúū	ǃqgúwā; ǃqgúā	HM		v	(of tree's shadow) to be large; (of forest) to be dense; (of hair) long.
ǃgù'àts'à	ɡǃṵ̀à-tsʼà		LLL	[ɡǃùˤà-tsʼà]	n	sp. plant (unidentified). (classified as ìī).
ǃgú'bè	ɡǃṵ́bè	ǃgū'bē	HL	[ɡǃúᵊˤbè]	v	to cool down the body (of women) by chewing Coccinia rehmannii root, spitting over one's body and then belching. (cf. qónábè for the equivalent for men).
ǃgú'ī	ɡǃṵ́ī	ǃgú'yā	HM	[ɡǃúᵊˤī]	v	to make someone ill; to harass; to share with others only a little portion of something that one possesses in plenty. ǃgáēn bì cíā ǃgú'yā-hā. 'The steenbok (meat) has made me ill (e.g. because I ate it by mistake during the taboo period).' (synonym: ǀgú'nī).
ǃgú'm̀	ɡǃṵ́m̀		HL	[ɡǃúᵊˤm̀]	n	plant (bush with poisonous horns; white flower) (unidentified). (classified as ìī).
ǃgù'mà	ɡǃṵ̀mà		LL	[ɡǃùᵊˤmà]	n	musical instrument played by male adults.
ǃgù'mà	ɡǃṵ̀mà		LL	[ɡǃùᵊˤmà]	n	type of vegetation full of Shepherd's tree (Boscia albitrunca) (ǀnònē), and Albizia anthelmintica (kx'ārū).
ǃgù'màgàgā	ɡǃṵ̀mà-ɡà-ɡā		LLLM	[ɡǃùᵊˤmà-ɡà-ɡā]	n	sp. bumble bee (classified as ǀgèēn-nē).
ǃgù'mē	ɡǃṵ̀mī		LM	[ɡǃùᵊˤmī]	n	large hut in which many people sleep; house where a lot of people live together.
ǃgù'mē	ɡǃṵ̀mī	ǃgù'myā	LM	[ɡǃùᵊˤmī]	v	(for a lot of people) to sleep. (Gǁana: gù'mī).
ǃgú'né	ɡǃṵ́ní		HH	[ɡǃúᵊˤní]	n	caterpillar feeding on leaves of Lonchocarpus nelsii. (Gǁana: gú'ní).
ǃgù'rè	ɡǃṵ̀rè		LL	[ɡǃùᵊˤlè]	n	sp. ant (Camponotus sp.) (used as a seasoning). (cf. ǀhààn). (classifed as ǂúḿ-ǂùm̀).
ǃgúā	ɡǃúā		HM		n	the evening; the time when the heat of the day has abated, but not cold yet. (Gǁana: gúā).
ǃgúbá	ɡǃúbá	ǃgúbā	HH		v	(of the boiled meat) to be full of gravy; to become a welt; to swell (being beaten/scratched).
ǃgúbī	ɡǃúbī		HM		n	plant (Solanum catombelense Peyr.) (Its flower is eaten raw).
ǃgúī	ɡǃúī		HM		n	bowstring hemp (Sansevieria aethiopica Thunb.); rope made out of fiber taken from bowstring hemp; snare using a rope; telephone. (Gǁana: gúī).
ǃgúm̀	ɡǃúm̀	ǃgōmā	HL	[ɡǃúᵊm̀]	v	to blow; to breathe on something (e.g. fire). ǀ'éē sà ǃgúm̀. 'to blow fire.' ǃgúm̀-'ō 'to blow inside (to clean the dust away)'. kúbí sà ǃgúm̀-'ō. 'to blow inside the cup.' 'àmà ǃgúm̀-kx'ī. 'to blow his face.' 'àmà ǃgúm̀-ǀxāē. 'to blow his body.' (Gǁana: gúm̀).
ǃgúm̀ǂnènà	ɡǃúm̀-ŋǂènà		HLLL	[ɡǃúᵊm̀-ŋǂènà]	n	sp. wasp (classified as ǀgèēn-nē). (Gǁana: gúm̀-ǂnènà).
ǃgómà	ɡǃúmà		HL		n	forearm. (Gǁana: gómà).
ǃgónè	ɡǃúnì	ǃgōnyā	HL		v	to put something in a row; to line something up. (Gǁana: gónè).
ǃgúrī	ɡǃúrī	ǃgúryā	HM		v	to be big, large; (amount) a lot. (Gǁana: gúrī, ǂgíì).
ǃgùrì	ɡǃùrì	ǃgùryā	LL		v	(for a donkey) to act violently and suddenly. (loan from Naro). dāōn-gū bì ǀgáān dzì ǃgùrì-'ō. 'The tied donkey suddently struggles for grass.' dāōn-gū bì tsháā sà ǃgùrì-ǀxāē. 'The donkey suddently struggles for water.'
ǃgúū	ɡǃúū	ǃgúwā; ǃgúā	HM		v	to make the back arched on all fours (on hands and feet); to bend a tree to make the spring of a snare. (rarely used as a transitive verb). ǃgúū-sì '【v】 to be on all fours with the back arched.' ǃgúū-sī '【adv】 with one's back arched on all four.' khóè bì ǃgúū-sī cèèn. 'The man is on all four with his back arched.' ǃgúī bì ǃgúū-sī ǁòèn. 'The snare is set with the spring stick arched.'
ǃgóón	ɡǃúṹ		HH		n	water-container made of springhare hide (the entire leather of a springhare). (cf. ǀnūbī).
ǃgòōn	ɡǃùũ̄		LM		n	false umbrella thorn, (Acacia luederitzii Engl. var. luederitzii). (Gǁana: gòōn).
ǃxóèn	ǃχúĩ̀	ǃxōyān	HL		v	to be pregnant (usually of animals). (Gǁana: xóèn).
ǃháá	ǃʰáá	ǃháā	HH		v	to put something in an unstable manner; to lay what is supposed to stand vertically; to stand what is supposed to lie horizontally (e.g. flat objects). ǃháā-céēxó 'to put something up in an unstable position'.
ǃhàā	ǃʰàā		LM		n	something divided/broken into pieces.
ǃháán	ǃʰáã́	ǃháān	HH		v	to pound a small amount of something in a mortar.
ǃháàn	ǃʰáã̀	ǃhāān	HL		v	to apply poison (to an arrowhead). 'àbì kx'áò sà ǃháàn-ǀxàè. 'He applied two caots of poison onto an arrowhead.'
ǃhábī	ǃʰábī		HM		n	flask made of ostrich eggshell. (Gǁana: khíbī).
ǃhábīkx'áḿǀòbē	ǃʰábī-qχ'áḿ-ǀòbē		HMHHLM		n	sp. wasp; hornet (classified as ǀgèēn-nē).
ǃháè	ǃʰáè		HL		n	hammer.
ǃháē	ǃʰáē	ǃhárē	HM		v	to stab, to sting; to shift (seed from sand); to set up a fence. ìī-kx'ò sà ǃháē-'ō. 'to hollow out a mortar.' ǃháē-'ō 'to clap hands to music (of women)'. (Gǁana: khéē).
ǃháēkx'àì	ǃʰáē-qχʼàì		HMLL		n	trap (for birds). (Gǁana: khéē-kx'àì).
ǃhám̄dáò	ǃʰám̄-dáò		HMHL		n	moderate distance.
ǃhám̄kū	ǃʰám̄-kū		HMM		v	to be skinny; to be too exhausted to move. 'àbì cì ǃhám̄-kū. 'He is getting skinny (with age).' 'àbì ǃhám̄-kūā-hā. 'He has become skinny (with age).'
ǃháǹn	ǃʰáǹ	ǃhānā	HL		v	to travel on all fours. ǀx'áré ǀóán bì cì xò sà ǃháǹn-ǀxāē. 'The baby is crawling to get somehting.' (Gǁana: kháǹn).
ǃhàò	ǃʰàò		LL		n	band, ethnic group, population group, kind.
ǃhàrè	ǃʰàrè		LL		n	necklace made from seeds of fragrant plants
ǃhàū	ǃʰàū	ǃhàwā	LM		v	to make a sausage (to stuff a duodenum with small pieces of meat before broilling them with ashes). qàbè sà ǃhàū-'ō. 'to stuff into duodenum.'
ǃháōn	ǃʰáũ̄		HM		n	flint steel.
ǃháyā	ǃʰájā	ǃháyānā	HM		v	to shoulder something (with a belt over one's forehead). (cf. 'ábà).
ǃhóbē	ǃʰóbē	ǃhóbēnā	HM		v	to tear a part of the skin off (e.g. a springhare caught with a hooked rod running away with a part of its skin torn off).
ǃhóó	ǃʰóó		HH		n	one of the four seasons (from September to November), which is dry and hot. (cf. kámá, bàrā, ǁnàō, sáō).
ǃhóò	ǃʰóò	ǃhōō	HL		v	to stop suddenly and make a dent in the sand (e.g. in a stick-throwing game).
ǃhóō	ǃʰóō	ǃhórō	HM		v	to have only a small amount of rain (preventing the Tsamma melons Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) from bearing fruits); to be hot out of season.
ǃhòrē	ǃʰòrē		LM		n	the first wind to tell the beginning of a rainy season; southern wind blowing in a whirring motion.
ǃhórò	ǃʰórò	ǃhōrō	HL		v	to hit something away; to blow away.
ǃhúǃhúrì	ǃʰú-ǃʰúrì		HHL		v	to make a noise of bone (of thin animals).
ǃhùà	ǃʰùà	ǃhùā	LL		v	to spread a bird's wings with the bird lying on the belly. (also for opening an umbrella). ǃhùà-sī (cf. ǃhùà-sī ǁòèn. '(for birds) to lie face down on the bed with both hands streched.')
ǃhúāsì	ǃʰúā-sì		HML		v	(of the night) to end and the sky to brighten (before the sunrise); to become prudent (thoughts as subject); to show signs of recovery from an illness (e.g. an increase in appetite, etc.). 'ē ǃhúā-sì. 'Morning comes; it is becoming bright before the sunrise.'
ǃhúàǃhùrà	ǃʰúà-ǃʰùrà		HLLL		v	to beat, brush.
ǃhūbī	ǃʰūbī	ǃhūbyā	MM		v	to germinate sponaneously (from the sand); (for a springhare) to jump out of the sand; to explode. (Gǁana: khûbī).
ǃhùbū	ǃʰùbū		LM		n	sp. plant (grass) (classifed as ǀgáān).
ǃhúí	ǃʰúí	ǃhúyā	HH		v	to germinate. (Gǁana: khúí).
ǃhúī	ǃʰúī	ǃhúyā	HM		v	to make a hole by piercing something. (transitive). ǃgáà m̀ kà khóō sà ǃhúī. 'to punch a hole in leather with an awl.' ǂ'áán sà ǃhúī. 'lit. to cut through the wind, i.e. to be unrivaled; no one else comes close (idiomatic).' (Gǁana: khúī).
ǃhúm̀	ǃʰúm̀	ǃhōmā	HL	[ǃʰúᵊm̀]	v	to dig in a special manner for còōn (to dig its two sides first, then dig it from relatively deep in the sand so that the digging stick will not damage it).
ǃhúm̄	ǃʰúm̄	ǃhómā	HM	[ǃʰúᵊm̄]	v	to tear off; to cut (with hands). (Gǁana: khúm̄).
ǃhómāxō	ǃʰúmā-χō		HMM		v	to tear away. (< ǃhúm̄ 'break, tear'). (Gǁana: khómā-xò).
ǃhúrā	ǃʰúrā	ǃhúrānā	HM		v	to beat and stretch iron into a blade.
ǃhúù	ǃʰúù	ǃhūwā; ǃhūā	HL		v	to come back after stopping at somewhere else; to return.
ǃhúù	ǃʰúù	ǃhūwā; ǃhūā	HL		v	to make a dent on leather, to bend a long object (> return). ǃhúù-sī 'to bend down (transitive)'.
ǃhùù	ǃʰùù		LL		n	cobra; sp. whitish big snake similar to cobra.
ǃhóòn	ǃʰúũ̀	ǃhōwān; ǃhōān	HL		v	to get the head of an axe back when it came off the handle.
ǃxúm̀	ǃχúm̀	ǃxōmā	HL	[ǃχúᵊm̀]	v	to stop while running. (Gǁana: xúm̀).
ǃk'áá	ǃʼáá		HH		n	the muscle of the outer thigh.
ǃk'áān	ǃʼáã̄	ǃk'ánā; ǃk'énā	HM		v (taste)	to have the fragrance of giraffe meat (giraffes are supposed to have this smell because they like to eat Acacia giraffae (Slb)).
ǃk'áànǃk'ànà	ǃʼáã̀-ǃʼànà		HLLL		v	to jiggle. (Gǁana: ǂ'áàn-ǂ'ànà).
ǃk'áēn	ǃʼáĩ̄	ǃk'áyān	HM		v	to have a throbbing pain that synchronizes with the pulse (e.g. in the head). (Molapo-Gǁana: ǃ'áēn).
ǃk'án̄n	ǃʼán̄	ǃk'ánā	HM		v	to cut; to cut across. (Gǁana: k'án̄n).
ǃk'ánò	ǃʼánù	ǃk'ānwā	HL		v	to cut someone off using a bypass.
ǃk'ánò	ǃʼánù	ǃk'ānwā	HL		v	to restart tracking (by fiding the track once lost).
ǃk'árà	ǃʼárà	ǃk'ārā	HL		v	to cut first from the neck to the chest in a straight line (in the process of taking apart a game). (Gǁana: k'árā)
ǃk'árè	ǃʼárè	ǃk'ārē	HL		v	to scrape round its trunk in cutting a big tree. (Gǁana: kx'árè).
ǃk'ārē	ǃʼārē	ǃk'ārēnā	MM		v	to cross a path. (Gǁana: k'ârē).
ǃk'óō	ǃʼóō	ǃk'órō	HM		v	to clean the inside a container (e.g. a clogged pipe) by beating it. (Molapo-Gǁana: ǃ'óō).
ǃk'úà	ǃʼúà	ǃk'ūā	HL		v	to break something; to divide something in two. (Gǁana: k'úà).
ǃk'úbā	ǃʼúbā		HM		n	sp. grass (Eragrostis pallens) (sometimes used for thatching huts). (Gǁana: k'úbā (classifed as ǀgáān)).
ǃk'úbì	ǃʼúbì	ǃk'ūbyā	HL		v	to be pop-eyed.
ǃk'óēn	ǃʼúĩ̄	ǃk'óyān	HM		v	to sweep sand and rubbish away with hands or feet. (Gǁana: k'óēn).
ǃk'úm̀	ǃʼúm̀	ǃk'ōmā	HL	[ǃʼúᵊm̀]	v	to go grey/white, to be gray-heared. ǁgóò-kò bì cì ǃk'úm̀. (>ǃk'oma-hā). (Gǁana: k'úm̀).
ǃk'úm̀	ǃʼúm̀		HL	[ǃʼúᵊm̀]	n	snake with black, white and gray colors. (Gǁana: k'úm̀).
ǃk'ūm̄	ǃʼūm̄	ǃk'ōmā	MM	[ǃʼūᵊm̄]	v	to take a big bite of something; to crunch loudly. xám̄ bì khóè mà ǃk'ūm̄. 'The lion snapped at the person.' (Gǁana: k'ûm̄).
ǃxúm̀	ǃχúm̀	ǃxōmā	HL	[ǃχúᵊm̀]	v	to cover and tie a mortar with leather. ìīkx'ò sà ǃxúm̀. (Gǁana: ǃxùm̀).
ǃnà'ī	ŋǃà̰ī		LM	[ŋǃàˤī]	n	camp site (where the children play, and people dance).
ǃná'm̄	ŋǃá̰m̄		HM	[ŋǃáˤm̄]	n	grassy (small) area without trees; an area with hard sand.
ǃná'm̄	ŋǃá̰m̄	ǃná'mā	HM	[ŋǃáˤm̄]	v	to be thinly spaced (of trees).
ǃná'mà	ŋǃá̰mà	ǃnā'mā	HL	[ŋǃáˤmà]	v	to be thronged, to be crowded (of people, animals, etc.). qgaborone sì wà khóè rì ǂúī yā ǁóé yā cì ǃná'mà. 'Gaborone is bustling and densely crowded.'
ǃnà'm̄cāǁ'áé	ŋǃà̰m̄-cā-ǁʔáé		LMMHH	[ŋǃàˤm̄-cā-ǁʔáé]	n	centipede (folktaxonomically classified closer to scorpions than to millipede).
ǃnà'm̄ǃnà'm̀	ŋǃà̰m̄-ŋǃà̰m̀		LMLL	[ŋǃàˤm̄-ŋǃàˤm̀]	v	to be striped.
ǃnà'm̄ǃnà'm̀ǁàmà	ŋǃà̰m̄-ŋǃà̰m̀-ǁàmà		LMLLLL	[ŋǃàˤm̄-ŋǃàˤm̀-ǁàmà]	n	sp. beetle (classified as ǁàmà).
ǃná'n̄n	ŋǃá̰n̄	ǃná'nā	HM	[ŋǃáˤn̄]	v	to become sleepy; to become exhausted.
ǃná'rīsì	ŋǃá̰rī-sì		HML	[ŋǃáˤrī-sì]	v	(for the testicles) to peep out. ts'áàn bì cì ǃná'rī-sì. 'The testicles are peeping out (from behind the loincloth).' ǃná'rī-sī
ǃná'rīsì	ŋǃá̰rī-sì		HML	[ŋǃáˤrī-sì]	adv	with the testicle(s) exposed from behind the loincloth (of sitting manner). ǃná'rī-sī ǂnòèn.
ǃnáà	ŋǃáà		HL		n	container; vessel; basin. (Gǁana: ngáà).
ǃnàà	ŋǃàà	ǃnàā	LL		v	to choose (especially a good game of prey).
ǃnàā	ŋǃàā	ǃnàrā; ǃnèrā	LM		v	to emit a dying cry (of an animal). (Gǁana: ngáá).
ǃnāān	ŋǃāã̄	ǃnānā; ǃnēnā	MM		v	to flare up into a big flame. (Gǁana: ngâān).
ǃnāān	ŋǃāã̄	ǃnānā; ǃnēnā	MM		v	to become unable to eat a certain food or unable to mention a certain animal. (Gǁana: ngâān).
ǃnāānkū	ŋǃāã̄-kū		MMM		v	to be in a love triangle (of the two men or women with the other one) (which is usually expected to be in a good friendly relation). (Gǁana: ngâān-kù).
ǃnáánxō	ŋǃáã́-χō		HHM		v	to taboo animal names; to avoid saying certain animals' names in the female initiation period, i.e. the first menstruation. (Gǁana: ngáán-xò).
ǃnáānǃnáān	ŋǃáã̄-ŋǃáã̄		HMHM		v	to be too sweet.
ǃnábā	ŋǃábā	ǃnábānā	HM		v	to follow someone (from a visible distance). (Gǁana: ngábā).
ǃnàbà	ŋǃàbà		LL		n	whip. (loan from Naro).
ǃnàbā	ŋǃàbā	ǃnàbānā	LM		v	to fill a hole. (loan from Naro).
ǃnábè	ŋǃábè	ǃnābē	HL		v	to kill by hitting with a stick/club (usually in hunting).
ǃnābē	ŋǃābē		MM		n	Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). (Gǁana: ngâbē).
ǃnābēts'úrōts'ùrò	ŋǃābē-ts'úrō-ts'ùrò		MMHMLL		n	sp. beetle (classified as ǁàmà). (Gǁana: ngâbē-ts'úrō-ts'ùrò).
ǃnàbī	ŋǃàbī		LM		n	an axe; broadax. (Gǁana: ngèbī).
ǃnábīrī	ŋǃábī-rī		HMM		n	water beetle, diving beetle (classified as ǁàmà).
ǃnábōsì	ŋǃábō-sì		HML		v	to be leaning. (cf. ǃnábō-sī '【adv】 (lying) at an angle'). ǃnābē bì cì ǃnábō-sī ǁòèn (cèèn, ǂnòèn, or céé). 'The giraffe is lying (sitting, standing) at an angle.'
ǃnábù	ŋǃábù	ǃnābwā	HL		v	to tilt something which should be upright.
ǃnáé	ŋǃáé	ǃnáē	HH		v	to put out shoots/buds. (Gǁana: ngéé).
ǃnáé	ŋǃáé	ǃnáē	HH		v	to pass by. (Gǁana: ngéé).
ǃnáé	ŋǃáé	ǃnáē	HH		v	to overtake, surpass. (Gǁana: ngéé).
ǃnáé	ŋǃáé	ǃnáē	HH		v	to resemble (e.g. parents). (Gǁana: ngéé).
ǃnáē	ŋǃáē	ǃnárē	HM		v	to stay still; not to move.
ǃnàè	ŋǃàè		LL		n	herd of gemsboks (male and female).
ǃnáēǁàmà	ŋǃáē-ǁàmà		HMLL		n	sp. weevil (classified as ǁàmà).
ǃnáī	ŋǃáī		HM		n	bump; lump; boil. (cf. ǀx'ōan).
ǃnáḿ	ŋǃáḿ		HH		n	part without grasses and trees in camp site. (loan from Naro).
ǃnám̀	ŋǃám̀		HL		n	both sides. both ends. (Gǁana: ngám̀).
ǃnám̄	ŋǃám̄	ǃnámā	HM		v	to compose music; to discover; to make a small hole in an ostrich eggshell. (Gǁana: ngám̄). ǀíī sà ǃnám̄ 'to compose a piece of music.' ǀgèrō-ǂ'úbī sà ǃnám̄ 'to make a hole in an ostrich egg shell.' ǁnà'n̄n dzì ǃnám̄ 'to discover a cluster of tsamma melons.'
ǃnám̄	ŋǃám̄	ǃnámā	HM		v	to do something persistently; to pester and anoy. (Gǁana: ngám̄).
ǃnàm̀	ŋǃàm̀	ǃnàmā	LL		v	to carry a burning fire wood. 'àbì cì ǀ'éē sà ǃnàm̀. 'He is carrying a burning firewood.' (Gǁana: ngàm̀).
ǃnām̄sì	ŋǃām̄-sì		MML		v	to swear an oath; to refer to his/her parent as an authority; to say to do a certain aciton in the same way as his/her parent; to justify one's actions, relying on the authority of the parent. (Gǁana: ngâm̄-hèn).
ǃnámē	ŋǃámī		HM		n	twisted stalks? of Ledebouria sp. (còōn).
ǃnàǹn	ŋǃàǹ		LL		n	plant root which is eaten by warthogs.
ǃnánē	ŋǃánī		HM		n	the end of a bulb at the root side.
ǃnánègā	ŋǃánì-ɡā		HLM		n	sp. bird. (Gǁana: ǃnánē-xà).
ǃnān̄n	ŋǃān̄	ǃnānā	MM		v	to be too tight (too small) (of space, something to wear). kùm̀ sì ǃnān̄n-'ō. (antonym: qhárō).
ǃnànō	ŋǃànū	ǃnànwā	LM		v	to tighten with legs. khóè bì cì 'àmà ǃnànō. 'The man is tightening him with both legs.'
ǃnàn̄ngò	ŋǃàn̄-ɡò		LML		v	to be too tired to walk.
ǃnáò	ŋǃáò	ǃnāō	HL		v	to hide something. (Gǁana: ngáò).
ǃnàò	ŋǃàò	ǃnàō	LL		v	to load (e.g. a car). (loan from Naro).
ǃnàō	ŋǃàō	ǃnàrō; ǃnèrō	LM		v	to moisten something dry and hard, e.g. leather, by spraying water with one's hand (transitive). khóō sà ǃnàō. 'to moisten leather by spraying water by oneʼs hand.' (Gǁana: ngàō).
ǃnàrè	ŋǃàrè		LL		n	foot. (Gǁana: ngèrè).
ǃnàrē	ŋǃàrē	ǃnàrēnā	LM		v	to get drunk; to feel a premonition; to feel something wrong: to feel something unusual or abnormal (e.g. to predict something by feeling itchy in the armpits). ǃnàrē-ǀxàè 'to pick a quarrel with someone because of a mentally unusual state'. 'àbì cíā ǃnàrē-ǀxàè. 'He gave me a hard time (e.g. being drunken).'
ǃnárī	ŋǃárī	ǃnáryā	HM		v	to grind a lot of beans and seeds.
ǃnārī	ŋǃārī	ǃnāryā	MM		v	to move to a place close to the previous home (to move away only a little distance to live).
ǃnárò	ŋǃárò		HL		n	chameleon. (Gǁana: ngárò).
ǃnárō	ŋǃárō	ǃnárōnā	HM		v	to freeze; (for liquids) to become solid. (Gǁana: ngárō).
ǃnāū	ŋǃāū	ǃnāwā	MM		v	to be a young man. 'àbì ǃnāwā-hā. 'He is young.' (cf. ǁgàē-ǀùà '(to be) a young woman'). (Gǁana: ngêū).
ǃnàòn	ŋǃàũ̀	ǃnàwān	LL		v	to go gathering (foods) alone (of a man, not a woman). kx'áò-ǃnàwān-hā 'lit. go far away from home alone to gather foods. i.e. be single (unmarried)'. (cf. ǂūū, ǁ'óē).
ǃxónè	ǃχúnì	ǃxōnyā	HL		v	to push (shove) something with the head and make it slide on the ground. This act is considered to bring bad luck.
ǃnháá	ǃháá	ǃnháā	HH		v	to lack horns and have large ears.
ǃnháā	ǃháā	ǃnhárā; ǃnhérā	HM		v	to remove seeds from watrermelon.
ǃnhàā	ǃhàā		LM		n	smell of ǃ'ūm̄-ǀ'ìn, Cucumis kalahariensis.
ǃnháàǃnhàbà	ǃháà-ǃhàbà		HLLL		v	(for a big tortoise) to run.
ǃnháān	ǃháã̄	ǃnhánā; ǃnhénā	HM		v	to roar in the distance.
ǃnhààn	ǃhàã̀	ǃnhàān	LL		v	to get along well. 'ētsèrà kx'ō cì ǃnhààn yā cì ǁqgòē ǁùà ǁ'áōn 'They used to play together trapping mangooses.'
ǃnhábàǃnhàbà	ǃhábà-ǃhàbà		HLLL		v	(for a tortoise) to toddle about.
ǃnhābū	ǃhābū	ǃnhābwā	MM		v	to jump over (transitive). ǂqáí bì ìī mà ǁnàyā-ǃnhābū. 'The springbok jumped over a tree.' ǁnúá sì kà 'àbì ìī mà ǃgāmā-ǃnhābū. 'He threw a stone over the tree.'
ǃnháē	ǃháē		HM		n	heap of bundles. large pile.
ǃnháē	ǃháē		HM		n	femal loud singing voice. ǃnháē mà ǂqxúāxò. 'to sing loudly (of women).'
ǃnhàē	ǃhàē	ǃnhàrē	LM		v	to jump aside; to dodge. (synonym: ǁnàān).
ǃnhāē	ǃhāē	ǃnhārē	MM		v	to say something persistently; to speak at length about.
ǃnhāē	ǃhāē	ǃnhārē	MM		v	to sing songs loudly and incessantly.
ǃnháī	ǃháī		HM		n	fence for goats (and cows).
ǃnhāī	ǃhāī	ǃnhāyā	MM		v	(for a crowd of people) to disperse.
ǃnhám̀ǃnhàm̀	ǃhám̀-ǃhàm̀		HLLL		v	to toddle.
ǃnhámā	ǃhámā	ǃnhámānā	HM		v	(for two people) to be always together; to be twins (usually for animals, but also applied to men); to be always together (also used for three people). ìī-xò sà 'ītsàò cì ǃnhámā-'ō. 'What are you two always together for? (i.e. Why are you two always together?)'
ǃnháńn	ǃháń	ǃnhánā	HH		v	to look ugly with a thin neck and small head (of a man; of a mantis).
ǃnháòn	ǃháũ̀		HL		n	sp. plant (of the lily family).
ǃnháòn	ǃháũ̀	ǃnhāwān	HL		v	to tie the front legs of a tortoise with a stick so that it cannot walk; to balance a digging-stick on both shoulders, supporting it with both hands from behind, while bushwhacking.
ǃnhàyà	ǃhàjà		LL		n	stink bug which is used to make skin lotion (classified as ǁàmà).
ǃnhóbé	ǃhóbé	ǃnhóbē	HH		v	to talk (or sing songs) loudly and incessantly. more used by Gǁana speakers. (synonym: ǃnhāē).
ǃnhòē	ǃhòē		LM		n	sp. tree (unidentified); the medicine made from this tree, used for casting a magic spell (the medicine for snares. for a dog take it to make the hunt a success). (classifed as ìī).
ǃnhòē	ǃhòē	ǃnhòrē	LM		v	to paint the face with a pattern that looks like the face of a gemsbok (for fun).
ǃnhórō	ǃhórō		HM		n	the long feather on a bird's head. ǃnhórō-xà 【n】 'a male initiation ritual.'
ǃnhúà	ǃhúà	ǃnhūā	HL		v	to yawn (from exhaustion/sleepiness); to gape from surprise.
ǃnhóān	ǃhúã̄	ǃnhónā	HM		v	to undermine, to neglect, to despise; to desert (e.g. by not giving food).
ǃnhùbà	ǃhùbà	ǃnhùbā	LL		v	to fold something/one's arms. (loan from Naro).
ǃnhùbī	ǃhùbī	ǃnhùbyā	LM		v	to be chubby (of a baby, small child).
ǃnhúbū	ǃhúbū	ǃnhúbwā	HM		v	to be swollen (e.g. a wound).
ǃnhúī	ǃhúī	ǃnhúyā	HM		v	to place dry, powdery substance (e.g., food or tobacco powder) into one's mouth. (cf. khùm̀, ǁqgómà, ǁgú'm̄).
ǃnhóēn	ǃhúĩ̄		HM		n	sp. grass (used for arrow to shoot birds) (unidentified). (classifed as ǀgáān).
ǃnhúrà	ǃhúrà	ǃnhūrā	HL		v	to pry out and retrieve, to dig out, scoop out, to remove, e.g. tortoise shell (with a digging stick), hornbill from the nest. dyám̄/ǁgóé mà ǃnhúrà. 'to remove the toitose shell.'
ǃnhóōn	ǃhúũ̄	ǃnhówān; ǃnhóān	HM		v	to push something (e.g. a pot) away. ǁhóē sà ǃnhóōn. 'to push the pot.' ǃnúū-kx'áḿ sà ǃnhúwān-ǁxórē. 'to push the door open.'
ǃnóbè	ŋǃóbè		HL		n	short tree; small log (longer than a log of firewood).
ǃnóbó	ŋǃóbó		HH		n	mute (because of handicap).
ǃnóē	ŋǃóē		HM		n	Cape porcupine (Hystrix africaeaustralis). (Gǁana: ngóē).
ǃnóò	ŋǃóò	ǃnōō	HL		v	to become pale from surprise/fear (with the lips changing from red to black, the tongue getting white).
ǃnóō	ŋǃóō	ǃnórō	HM		v	to shut up; not to hear from someone gone (not to return). (Gǁana: ngóō).
ǃnòò	ŋǃòò	ǃnòō	LL		v	to suspect; to surmise.
ǃnòō	ŋǃòō		LM		n	catapillar (generic), grub.
ǃnóōkx'àì	ŋǃóō-qχʼàì		HMLL	[ŋǃóō-qχʼì]	v	to get angry over ... with silence. (Gǁana: ngóō-kx'ì).
ǃnòōǂūrī	ŋǃòō-ǂūrī		LMMM		n	sp. plant (bush producing edible fruit) (classifed as ìī). (Gǁana: òō-ǂúǂúrí).
ǃnòrò	ŋǃòrò		LL		n	ovary (e.g. of tortoise), eggs inside the body of animals such as tortoise.
ǃnù'bā	ŋǃṵ̀bā	ǃnù'bānā	LM	[ŋǃùᵊˤbā]	v	to walk in a hurry. ǂ'óón-xò sà ǃnù'bā-ǀxàè. 'to walk in a hurry in search of foods.'
ǃnú'bē	ŋǃṵ́bē		HM	[ŋǃúᵊˤbē]	n	small frog. (cf. ǃgòē).
ǃnú'nè	ŋǃṵ́nì	ǃnū'nyā	HL	[ŋǃúᵊˤnì]	v	to flow (of rain water).
ǃnù'òsī	ŋǃṵ̀ò-sī		LLM	[ŋǃùᵊˤò-sī]	adv	with the back straight (of a dog sitting). 'ābā bì ǃnù'ò-sī ǂnòèn. 'The dog is sitting with its back straight.' (Gǁana: ǁnù'ò-hèn).
ǃnù'rā	ŋǃṵ̀rā	ǃnù'rānā	LM	[ŋǃùˤrā]	v	to be disabled, to have a physical handicap. (Loan from Naro.)
ǃnù'rō	ŋǃṵ̀rō	ǃnù'rōnā	LM	[ŋǃùᵊˤlō]	v	(for a long and narrow object) to burn on (straight). (cf. ǃq'úù).
ǃnúà	ŋǃúà	ǃnūā	HL		v	to flap wings (e.g. of Koribusterd, vulture). ǃnúà-ǁ'óàn 'lit. flap-arm, i.e. to hit or throw with all strength (idiom)'. ǃnúà-ǁ'óàn yā ǂnúā mà ǁgábí. 'to throw a club with all strength.'
ǃnùà	ŋǃùà		LL		n	common duiker, grey duiker, (Sylvicapra grimmia). (Gǁana: ngùà).
ǃnùàmàǁgàm̄	ŋǃùà-mà-ɡǁàm̄		LLLLM		n	sp. carabid (classified as ǁàmà). (Gǁana: ngùà-mà-ǁgàm̄).
ǃnùàǀérōgū	ŋǃùà-ǀérō-ɡū		LLHMM		n	winged ant (classified as ǀgèēn-nē). (Gǁana: ngùà-ǀérō-gū).
ǃnùàǂáó	ŋǃùà-ǂáó		LLHH		n	darkling beetle (classified as ǁàmà). (Gǁana: ngùà-ǂáó).
ǃnóān	ŋǃúã̄		HM		n	tree stump.
ǃnùbū	ŋǃùbū		LM		n	large tree of (always following a tree name, and signifies that the tree is large and has a lot of branches).(used as a compound word).
ǃnúī	ŋǃúī		HM		n	densely grown wild watermelons.
ǃnúm̀	ŋǃúm̀		HL	[ŋǃúᵊm̀]	n	the rectum. (Gǁana: ngúm̀).
ǃnúm̄	ŋǃúm̄	ǃnómā	HM	[ŋǃúᵊm̄]	v	to be short as if its tip had been cut off; to be broken off (of the tip of a knife/a dog's tail).
ǃnùm̀	ŋǃùm̀	ǃnòmā	LL	[ŋǃùᵊm̀]	v	(transitive) to dress a person with a blanket (rare). Usually used as ǃnùm̀-sī. 'to wear a blanket (intransitive).'
ǃnómà	ŋǃúmà	ǃnōmā	HL		v	to chase (a game/prey) far away (and to exhaust the game, which is supposed to destroy the taste of its meat). (Gǁana: ngómà).
ǃnómā	ŋǃúmā		HM		n	the starting point of a stem/trunk; the base of a plant above the sand. small twigs and sprigs of tobacco leaves. (Gǁana: ngómā).
ǃnōnā	ŋǃūnā		MM		numeral	to be three; three. (Gǁana: ngônā).
ǃnònògù	ŋǃùnù-ɡù		LLL		n	streamlined shape (e.g. of a bird).
ǃnúrī	ŋǃúrī	ǃnúryā	HM		v	to ruin, deteriorate something. (loan from Naro).
ǃnúū	ŋǃúū		HM		n	hut. (Gǁana: ngúū).
ǃnùù	ŋǃùù	ǃnùwā; ǃnùā	LL		v	to clean the hide of bits of meat and fat.
ǃnúù'ō	ŋǃúù-ʔō		HLM		n	sour part of watermelon near the surface of the fruit. (cf. ǀúù-'ō).
ǃnóón	ŋǃúṹ		HH		n	land; country; town or village; space. (Gǁana: ngóón).
ǃòbè	ǃòbè	ǃòbē	LL		v	to be ugly with the forehead protruded.
ǃóbō	ǃóbō		HM		n	francolin. red-billed spurfowl, Francolinus adspersus.
ǃóbóǃòbò	ǃóbó-ǃòbò		HHLL		v	to continue to talk.
ǃòè	ǃòè	ǃòē	LL		v	to put something in (a pocket). (Gǁana: kòè).
ǃòè	ǃòè	ǃòē	LL		v	to dangle a hunting bag on the sholder (male's manner of carrying a hunting bag). (Gǁana: kòè).
ǃòēǁóēxò	ǃòē-ǁóē-χò		LMHML		n	place name.
ǃóó	ǃóó	ǃóō	HH		v	to stamp out the hardwood from the bark of a root of Acacia luederitzii to make a quiver (to peel off the bark in a cylindrical shape). (variant of ǃóō).
ǃóō	ǃóō	ǃórō	HM		v	to stamp out the hardwood from the bark of a root of Acacia luederitzii to make a quiver (to peel off the bark in a cylindrical shape). (variant of ǃóó).
ǃóò	ǃóò		HL		n	large puddle in a dried river bed. (Gǁana: kóò).
ǃòò	ǃòò		LL		n	gum, resin of tree (sometimes edible). (cf. kx'óàn, ǀgú'ān, ǃúrā, gúrú, gáò). (Gǁana: kòò).
ǃòòkx'ōānkx'òàn	ǃòò-qχ'ūã̄-qχ'ùã̀		LLMMLL		n	longhorn beetle (classified as ǁàmà).
ǃóóǃò	ǃóó-ǃò		HHL		n	hairy caterpillar.
ǃóóǃò	ǃóó-ǃò		HHL		n	larva of cicada.
ǃórē	ǃórē		HM		n	container for parts of arrowhead.
ǃórò	ǃórò		HL		n	the hollow of a tree (especially of a dead tree/sometimes with animals inside). (Gǁana: kórò).
ǃòrō	ǃòrō		LM		n	vertical hole on the ground dug by aardvarks or men. (Gǁana: kòrō).
ǃq'āān	ǃqʼāã̄	ǃq'ānā; ǃq'ēnā	MM		v (taste)	to have the odor of a jackal (Canis mesomelas). (Vulpes chama also has this smell. The odor of those animals' urine).
ǃq'ábà	ǃqʼábà	ǃq'ābā	HL		v	to put something long and soft over the shoulder; to go and return in a single path, as if drawing something with a single stroke of a brush.
ǃq'ābātē	ǃqʼābā-tē		MMM		n	serval.
ǃq'ábàǁnáàn	ǃq'ábà-ŋǁáã̀		HLHL		n	sp. longhorn beetle (classified as ǁàmà).
ǃq'ámā	ǃqʼámā		HM		n	the white parts on the sides of a springbok, the white hair on their stomach.
ǃq'áné	ǃqʼání	ǃq'ányā	HH		v	to leave many tracks (of snakes). ǀx'áō bì cì ǃq'áné. 'The snake leaves many tracks as it slithers.'
ǃq'áò	ǃqʼáò		HL		n	sp. grass (Stipagrostis sp.); the typical gass used for thatching huts. (classifed as ǀgáān). (Gǁana: ǃq'àòn).
ǃq'árè	ǃqʼárè		HL		n	the name of a place (Xade pan).
ǃq'árī	ǃqʼárī	ǃq'áryā	HM		v	to make someone/something wet with rain. ǃq'āǃq'árì '【v】 to become wet with rain.' 'àbì ǃq'āǃq'árì.
ǃq'áū	ǃqʼáū		HM		n	the border pattern on the side of springbok.
ǃq'áǃq'árà	ǃqʼáǃqʼárà		HHL		v	to seem new (of foot print).
ǃq'ūī	ǃqʼūī	ǃq'ūyā	MM		v	to go straight and slowly (in water/in the sky); (for grassland) to burn on slowly, flaring up.
ǃq'óné	ǃqʼúní	ǃq'ónyā	HH		v	to turn inside out (e.g. the duodenum in making sausages), to wear clothes inside out. cèrè hīn 'ēsì qàbè ǃq'óné. 'I am going to turn its duodenum inside out.' (synonym: ǃqʼúní-ʔō).
ǃq'ónésì	ǃqʼúní-sì		HHL		v	to somersault; to return quickly.
ǃq'ōnō	ǃqʼūnū		MM		n	sp. worm, a woodboring beetle. (Gǁana: q'ônō).
ǃq'úrā	ǃqʼúrā	ǃq'úrānā	HM		v	to leave many tracks after coming and going frequently. ǃgáēn dzì ǃq'úrā. 'Steenboks have left many tracks.'
ǃq'úù	ǃqʼúù	ǃq'ūwā; ǃq'ūā	HL		v	to suffer from an eye disease (which causes continuing pain and discharges eye mucus).
ǃq'úù	ǃqʼúù	ǃq'ūwā; ǃq'ūā	HL		v	to burn on without flaring up (like the way an incense stick burns). (cf. ǃnù'rō).
ǃqáātàm̀ǃqáā	ǃqáā-tàm̀-ǃqáā		HMLLHM		n	sun spider.
ǃqààn	ǃqàã̀	ǃqàān	LL		v	to lower the back (e.g. of a donkey) (transitive).
ǃqáánǃqáán	ǃqáã́-ǃqáã́		HHHH		v	to be deserted, to lack sign of life, activity, movement.
ǃqábà	ǃqábà	ǃqābā	HL		v	to go a long way round to meet someone; to go round to catch up with and see someone (usually seeing where the other person is).
ǃqábē	ǃqábē		HM		n	an outside; campsite; flat place; place with little grass. (cf. ǃúá, ǃnà'ī.)
ǃqàbè	ǃqàbè	ǃqàbē	LL		v	to have large ears and a flat head.
ǃqàē	ǃqàē	ǃqàrē	LM		v	to go far hunting (men's job).
ǃqàèǃqàè	ǃqàè-ǃqàè		LLLL		v	to have a big mouth (e.g. of lion).
ǃqáē'ò	ǃqáē-ʔò		HML		n	an outside. (Gǁana: ngìī-'ō).
ǃqáī	ǃqáī		HM		n	skirt for dancing.
ǃqāēnǃqánè	ǃqāĩ̄-ǃqánì		MMHL		v	to be big and tall.
ǃqán̄n	ǃqán̄	ǃqánā	HM		v	to crawl around frequently and leave footprints all over (of small animals, such as insets, snakes, etc.).
ǃqárā	ǃqárā	ǃqárānā	HM		v	to break (wood/brick) into pieces (transitive).
ǃqáró	ǃqáró	ǃqárō	HH		v	to burn into a lot of ash. (Gǁana: qáró).
ǃqārō	ǃqārō		MM		n	limestone (which ostriches lick/swallow). (Ostriches swallow the stones, sometimes or flints, which stay in the stomach).
ǃqārōǁàbì	ǃqārō-ǁàbì		MMLL		n	place name.
ǃqàū	ǃqàū	ǃqàwā	LM		v	to put a large item on one's head (e.g. a big hat).
ǃqáón	ǃqáṹ	ǃqáwān	HH		v	to behave carefully; to be cautious; to be clever; to be watchful of something (intransitive); to be vigilant; to be circumspect.
ǃqàōn	ǃqàũ̄		LM		n	cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus).
ǃxōnē	ǃχūnī	ǃxōnyā	MM		v	to grab something big (e.g. ǃ'ūm̄-ǀ'ìn, Cucumis kalahariensis) and to eat it (biting); to eat something resilient. (Gǁana: ǃxânē.)
ǃqháā	ǃqʰáā	ǃqhárā; ǃqhérā	HM		v	to spit out (e.g. something stuck in the throat; food; phlegm).
ǃqhāā	ǃqʰāā	ǃqhārā; ǃqhērā	MM		v	to pound a small amount of melon, etc. (cf. ǃháán).
ǃqhábó	ǃqʰábó	ǃqhábō	HH		v	to appear to have a sunken mouth due to the absence of front teeth. (cf. ǁqgúā). 'àbì ǃqhábó à kx'áḿ. 'He appears to have a sunken mouth because he is missing his front teeth.' (Gǁana: ǃqhábá).
ǃqhábō	ǃqʰábō	ǃqhábōnā	HM		v	to have a sunken stomach. ìī-xò sà tsī cì ǃqhábō-'ō/ǀxàè? ǂ'óón-xò dzì 'ācìà ǂ'óón cámā; cémā. 'Why you have a sunken stomach, though we have eaten food?'
ǃqhāī	ǃqʰāī	ǃqhāyā	MM		v	to become/be chilly, cold, cool. (Gǁana: qhâī).
ǃqhànè	ǃqʰànì		LL		n	the fat covering stomach.
ǃqháò	ǃqʰáò	ǃqhāō	HL		v	(usually about hunting) to run after. ǃqhāō-xō '【v】 to drive away, chase away.'
ǃqháō	ǃqʰáō		HM		n	whitish color. always used as the construction. ǃqháō khùà 'īī. 'àm̀ ǀnàà-kx'āī è ǃqháō khùà 'īī. 'Its belly-surface is white.'
ǃqhāōbā	ǃqʰāō-bā		MMM		n	name of a person.
ǃqhàrā	ǃqʰàrā		LM		n	hut without a roof (only walls, something like a windbreak).
ǃqháōn	ǃqʰáũ̄	ǃqháwān	HM		v	to choke one's throat with something (transitive). (Gǁana: xáōn).
ǃqhóbè	ǃqʰóbè	ǃqhōbē	HL		v	to crush a hut (to knock down the wooden sructure of a hut) (usually the wind as subject). (transitive).
ǃqhúbí	ǃqʰúbí	ǃqhúbyā	HH		v	to become foggy, misty.
ǃqhúbí	ǃqʰúbí	ǃqhúbyā	HH		v	to be lush with leaves (of trees).
ǃqhùbī	ǃqʰùbī		LM		n	name of a woman, whose name is unknown.
ǃqhóēn	ǃqʰúĩ̄	ǃqhóyān	HM		v	to return empty-handed from hunting/gathering.
ǃqhúm̀sī	ǃqʰúm̀-sī		HLM		v	to walk slowly with joy and excitement.
ǃqhónò	ǃqʰúnù	ǃqhōnwā	HL		v	to go somewhere far; to lessen that something (e.g. tea; boiled water) is running out .
ǃqhúrī	ǃqʰúrī	ǃqhúryā	HM		v	to walk past someone; to miss each other on the way, failing to meet.
ǃqhúrū	ǃqʰúrū	ǃqhúrwā	HM		v	to have eyes damaged so that the eyelids have been deep-set.
ǃqhóón	ǃqʰúṹ	ǃqhówān; ǃqhóān	HH		v	to bend. ǃgúī bì ǃqhóón-sī ǂnóón. 'The trap-spring has lost its elasticity ans stays bent.'
ǃxónó	ǃχúnú	ǃxónwā	HH		v	to snore. (Gǁana: xónó).
ǃqòò	ǃqòò	ǃqòō	LL		v	(for a fire) to leave a lot of ashes (which is considered good); (for a charcoal) to burn without a flame; for the embers to burn. (cf. ǃnāān → ǃqòò → ǃqáró).
ǃqōrē	ǃqōrē	ǃqōrēnā	MM		v	to stay, to remain (in a certain place).
ǃqórō	ǃqórō	ǃqórōnā	HM		v	(for a woman) to give a cheer.
ǃqòyō	ǃqòjō		LM		n	rain puddle. (cf. ǁgóbò).
ǃxōōn	ǃχūũ̄	ǃxōwān; ǃxōān	MM		v	to be bad (in non-visual modalities) (as opposed to ǀx'áǹn 'bad/ugly in the visual modality'). (cf. ǃáèn vs. c'óèn). ǃxūwān-máàn 'to give a hard time'. (Gǁana: xôōn).
ǃqúbū	ǃqúbū	ǃqúbwā	HM		v	to pound animal fat, meat, and marrow (fatty meat/meat for the old people to eat).
ǃqúí	ǃqúí	ǃqúyā	HH		v	to scoop up a lot of things (e.g. food) with the hand or a spoon.
ǃqūm̄	ǃqūm̄	ǃqōmā	MM	[ǃqūᵊm̄]	v	to put a heavy thing. ǃqūm̄-sī ǂnóón yā ǁ'úm̀. 'to sleep like a log.' (Gǁana: ǃqûm̄).
ǃqúrù	ǃqúrù		HL		n	African wildcat, Felis libyca.
ǃqúù	ǃqúù	ǃqūwā; ǃqūā	HL		v	to get a lot of things (e.g. money/collected edible roots of ǃ'ūm̄-ǀ'ìn, Cucumis kalahariensis).
ǃqúùǃqùù	ǃqúù-ǃqùù		HLLL		v	to be short-sighted.
ǃnāān	ŋǃāã̄	ǃnānā; ǃnēnā	MM		v	to become unable to eat some animals; (for their names) to become taboo. (cf. ǃnáán-xō). (Gǁana: ngâān).
ǃù'm̀	ǃṵ̀m̀	ǃù'mā	LL	[ǃùᵊˤm̀]	v	to sit with one's legs bent.
ǃù'ī	ǃṵ̀ī		LM	[ǃùᵊˤī]	n	smoke, smolder.
ǃnhóēn	ǃhúĩ̄		HM		n	stick for playing battledore and shuttlecock. also rarely used as a verb meaning to perform the play.
ǃú'ràǃú'rà	ǃṵ́rà-ǃṵ́rà		HLHL	[ǃúᵊˤlà-ǃúᵊˤlà]	v	(of leather) to be stiff (to make a noise).
ǃú'ràǃù'rà	ǃṵ́rà-ǃṵ̀rà		HLLL	[ǃúᵊˤlà-ǃùᵊˤlà]	v	to make a noise of stiffness.
ǃú'rò	ǃṵ́rò	ǃū'rō	HL	[ǃúᵊˤlò]	v	(of the leather) to be stiff (before tanning and still with hairs/fats). (Gǁana: kù'rò).
ǃū'rū	ǃṵ̄rū		MM	[ǃūᵊˤlū]	n	whitish subcutaneous membrane (inedible). (Gǁana: ku'̂rū).
ǃúá	ǃúá		HH		n	garden; vacant place (without any huts) in a resident area, where trees are cut away.
ǃúā	ǃúā	ǃúrā	HM		v	to make a sound (with a whip). sà'mī sà ǃúā. 'to make a sound with a whip.' 'àmà ǃúā-kx'ì. 'to make a noise in front of his face, to slap him.'
ǃóán	ǃúã́	ǃóān	HH		v	to choose (good things). (ǃóán-'ō). (Gǁana: kóán).
ǃōānxō	ǃūã̄-χō		MMM		v	to leave behind. (< ǃóòn 'go, walk'). (Gǁana: kôān-xò).
ǃùbà	ǃùbà	ǃùbā	LL		v	to peel the skin off smoothly.
ǃùbā	ǃùbā		LM		n	large loincloth for males.
ǃùbāsàǂéè	ǃùbā-sà-ǂéè		LMLHL		n	place name.
ǃúbíǃùbì (sī)	ǃúbí-ǃùbì (-sī)		HHLLM		v	to roll a thing on the sand, getting it all sandy. ǃúbí-ǃùbì-sī 'to squirm'.
ǃúbú	ǃúbú	ǃúbwā	HH		v	to be long (of bags, bulbs or tubers).
ǃúì	ǃúì	ǃūyā	HL		v	to shoot down; to shoot and hit (intransitive). ǃúì-kx'āī 'to shoot and hit in the face (transitive)'; kx'óō-xò mà ǃúì-kx'ī. 'to shoot an animal in the face.' (Gǁana: kúì).
ǃúìǃùì	ǃúì-ǃùì		HLLL		v	to drop (of water drops). (Gǁana: kúì-kùì).
ǃūīǃúrì	ǃūī-ǃúrì		MMHL	[ǃūⁱ-ǃúrì]	v	to be hard (of Grewia flava).
ǃòèn	ǃùĩ̀	ǃòyān	LL		v	to hang something on another thing (so unsteadily as the hung object almost to drop)(e.g. to hook something on a tree); to hook and hang something.
ǃúḿ	ǃúḿ	ǃómā	HH	[ǃúᵊḿ]	v	to be heavy; to be pregnant (euphemism); to be windless (wind as a subject).
ǃōmā	ǃūmā		MM		n	hunting bag (for carrying quivers, etc., made of hide, shouldered). (Gǁana: kômā).
ǃōmē	ǃūmī	ǃōmyā	MM		v	to create shade by placing something overhead; to make a temporary hut. khóè mà ǃōmē ǀxàè. 'to make a shade for someone.'
ǃòmō	ǃùmū		LM		n	large clothes; working clothes (overalls).
ǃònè	ǃùnì	ǃònyā	LL		v	to be blind. cèrè cī ǂxáí ǃònè-'ō. 'I cannot see.' (Gǁana: kònè).
ǃúrā	ǃúrā		HM		n	lump of resin of ǃgòōn, 'tree'. (cf. kx'óàn, ǀgú'ān, ǃòò, gúrú, gáò).
ǃùrà	ǃùrà	ǃùrā	LL		v	to dig something in an oblong shape; to scrape (sand or the ground of a bonfire) toward oneself in a long stroke; to rake in. (Gǁana: kùrà).
ǃùràkx'āī	ǃùrà-qχʼāī		LLMM		v	to beckon. (Gǁana: kùrà-kx'āī).
ǃúrī'ò	ǃúrī-ʔò		HML		n	small dried pan (dried ancient lake bed).
ǃúrú	ǃúrú	ǃúrwā	HH		v	(of the back of something) to be bent (e.g. dog/donky/bow) (also used to describe the dog arching its back with anger).
ǃúú	ǃúú	ǃúwā; ǃúā	HH		v	to carry on the shoulder; to collect and carry something on the shoulder. (men's way of carrying things). ǃúú-'ō (lit. carry-innside). 'to drink up with a cup/glass upside-down above the mouth.' ǃúú-kx'ī 'to raise the face.' (Gǁana: kúú).
ǃúū	ǃúū		HM		n	skirt (women's clothes).
ǃúū	ǃúū	ǃúwā; ǃúā	HM		v	to wear a skirt. ǃúū sà ǃúā-hā. 'to have worn a skirt.' (Gǁana: kúū).
ǃùù	ǃùù	ǃùwā; ǃùā	LL		v	to stamp rhythmically (in dance/with joy). khóè mà ǃùù-kx'ī. 'to step the person on the face.' (Gǁana: kùù).
ǃùū	ǃùū		LM		n	the colon.
ǃūū	ǃūū		MM		n	tree (unspecified)(classifed as ìī). (loan from Naro).
ǃúūcāǀhèēǀhèè	ǃúū-cā-ǀʰèē-ǀʰèè		HMMLMLL		n	sp. ant (classifed as ǂúḿ-ǂùm̀).
ǃúùǃúù	ǃúù-ǃúù		HLHL		v	to be big, thick.
ǃóòn	ǃúũ̀	ǃōwān; ǃōān	HL		v	to go; to walk. (Gǁana: kóòn).
ǃòòn	ǃùũ̀		LL		n	vein.
ǃòōn	ǃùũ̄		LM		n	gadfly, sp. horsefly (Hippoboscidae sp.) (which swarms around animals, does not bite people but flies into the ears). (classified as ǀgèēn-nē). (Gǁana: kòōn).
ǃōōn	ǃūũ̄		MM		n	the act of going. (Gǁana: kôōn).
ǀ'èn	-ǀʔĩ̀		L	[ǀʔĩ̀]	suffix	fossilized form occuring in ǃ'ūm̄-ǀ'ìn, mòōn-ǀ'ìn, etc.
ǃx'ām̄	ǃqχʼām̄		MM		n	bead made of glass. (cf. ǃxórē, kx'óòn-sà).
ǃx'óān	ǃqχʼúã̄		HM		n	new branch without twigs (e.g. of kx'úm̄, ǀgáà).
ǃx'óèn'ō	ǃqχʼúĩ̀-ʔō		HLM		v	to fill a container (of things, e.g. foods fill a bag). ǂ'óón-xò dz̀i ǀàān sà ǃx'óèn-'ō. 'Foods filled a bag.'
ǃxáì	ǃχáì		HL		n	sp. tree (Burkea africana). (classifed as ìī). (cf. ǀnúyà). (Gǁana: xáì).
ǃxárí	ǃχárí	ǃxáryā	HH		v	to pound a melon (with a pestle).
ǃxárí	ǃχárí		HH		n	porridge.
ǃōēnǃōēn	ǃūĩ̄ǃūĩ̄		MMMM		n	sp. bird, spotted thick-knee (variant of ǃhōēnǃhōēn), Burhinus capensis.
ǃhōēnǃhōēn	ǃʰūĩ̄ǃʰūĩ̄		MMMM		n	sp. bird, spotted thick-knee (variant of ǃōēnǃōēn), Burhinus capensis.
ǃāē'òǀìì	ǃāē-ʔò-ǀìì		MMLLL		n	sp. bird, Temminck's courser, Cursorius temminckii. (Gǁana: kêē-'ò-ǀìì).
ǃāē'òǀìì	ǃāē-ʔò-ǀìì		MMLLL		n	sp. bird, Burchell's courser, Cursorius rufus. (Gǁana: kêē-'ò-ǀìì).
ǃóèǃōbē	ǃóèǃōbē		HLMM		n	sp. bird, bateleur, Terathopius ecaudatus. (Gǁana: kóòkòbò).
tsùūkūtsùbà	tsùū-kū-tsùbà		LMMLL		n	sp. bird, black kite, Milvus migrans.
ǃgúūtàm̀ǁnàē	ɡǃúū-tàm̀-ŋǁàē		HMLLLM		n	sp. bird, pale chanting coshawk (aka ǃgúī-tsàm̀-ǁnàē), Melierax canorus. (Gǁana: gúū-tsàm̀-ǁnàē).
ǃgúītsàm̀ǁnàē	ɡǃúī-tsàm̀-ŋǁàē		HMLLLM		n	sp. bird, pale chanting coshawk (aka ǃgúū-tàm̀-ǁnàē), Melierax canorus. (Gǁana: gúū-tsàm̀-ǁnàē).
dzéráǃháēcì	dzérá-ǃʰáē-cì		HHHML		n	sp. bird, Gabar goshawk, Melierax gabar.
dyúùqàm̄	ɟúù-qàm̄		HLLM		n	sp. bird, swallow-tailed bee-eater, Merops hirundineus.
ǁábàxàm̀kūdzà'ēn	ǁábà-χàm̀-kū-dzà̰ĩ̄		HLLLMLM		n	sp. bird, lilac-breasted roller (aka ǁálà-xàm̀-dzà'īn), Coracias caudata.
ǁáràxàm̀dzà'ēn	ǁárà-χàm̀-dzà̰ĩ̄		HLLLLM	[ǁálà-χàm̀-dzà̰ĩ̄]	n	sp. bird, lilac-breasted roller (aka ǁábà-xàm̀-kū-dzà'īn), Coracias caudata.
ǃk'óròǀ'ūn	ǃʼórò-ǀʔũ̄		HLM	[ǃʼórò-ǀʔũ̀]	n	sp. bird, cardinal woodpecker, Dendropicos fuscescens. (Gǁana: k'órò-ǀ'ūn).
ǃk'óròǀ'ūn	ǃʼórò-ǀʔũ̄		HLM	[ǃʼórò-ǀʔũ̀]	n	sp. bird, bearded woodpeker, Thripias namaquus. (Gǁana: k'órò-ǀ'ūn).
péēndzérá	píĩ̄-dzérá		HMHH		n	sp. bird, acacia pied barbet, Tricholaema leucomelas.
ǂnhá'ūǂnhà'rì	ǂhá̰ūǂhà̰rì		HMLL	[ǂháˤūǂhàˤlì]	n	sp. bird, fork-tailed drongo (aka ǂnhá'ūǂ'à'nà), Dicrurus adsimilis.
ǂnhá'ūǂ'à'nà	ǂhá̰ūǂʔà̰nà		HMLL	[ǂháˤūǂʔàʔnà]	n	sp. bird, fork-tailed drongo (aka ǂnhá'ūǂnhà'rì), Dicrurus adsimilis.
ǁ'ù'rà	ǁʔṵ̀rà		LL	[ǁʔùˤᵊlà]	n	sp. bird, cape crow, Corvus capensis.
ǀéédzérá	ǀéé-dzérá		HHHH		n	sp. bird, ashy tit, Parus cinerascens.
kx'áānkx'ámā	qχʼáã̄-qχʼámā		HMHM		n	sp. bird, southern pied babbler, Turdoides bicolor.
ǃnābēǀnàǂ'úrú	ŋǃābē-ŋǀà-ǂʔúrú		MMLHH		n	sp. bird, groundscaper thrush, Turdus litsitsirupa. (Gǁana: ngâbē-ǀnà-ǂ'úrú).
cèēǂáǹ	cìē-ǂáǹ		LMHL		n	sp. bird, capped wheatear (aka cèē-ǂāān), Oenanthe pileata.
cèēǂāān	cìē-ǂāã̄		LMMM		n	sp. bird, capped wheatear (aka cèē-ǂáǹn), Oenanthe pileata.
chúīcùākx'áḿ	cʰúī-cùā-qχʼáḿ		HMLMHH		n	sp. bird, chestnut-vented warbler (aka cùā-kx'áḿ-chúīchùì), Parisoma subcaeruleum.
cùākx'áḿchúīchùì	cùā-qχʼáḿ-cʰúīcʰùì		LMHHHMLL		n	sp. bird, chestnut-vented warbler (aka chúī-cùā-kx'áḿ), Parisoma subcaeruleum.
ǂqàènǂqàèn	ǂqàĩ̀ǂqàĩ̀		LLLL		n	sp. bird, black-chested prinia, Prinia flavicans.
ǀgìbīrī	ɡǀìbī-rī		LMM		n	sp. bird, desert cisticola, Cisticola aridulus.
ǀxónōdzérá	ǀχúnū-dzérá		HMHH		n	sp. bird, chat flycatcher, Melaenornis infuscatus.
ǂgàānǂgàntsáó	ɡǂàã̄-ɡǂã̀-tsáó		LMLHH		n	sp. bird, magpie shrike, Corvinella melanoleuca.
kàānkààn	kàã̄kàã̀		LMLL		n	sp. bird, southern white-crowned shrike, Eurocephalus anguitimens.
ǃháúǁgàē	ǃʰáú-ǁgàē		HHLM		n	sp. bird, crimson-breasted shrike (aka ǁgábèrī-kx'àā, ǁgábèrī-kx'ērū), Laniarius atrococcineus.
ǁgábèrīkx'àā	ɡǁábèrī-qχʼàā		HLMLM		n	sp. bird, crimson-breasted shrike (aka ǃháú-ǁgàē, ǁgábèrī-kx'ērū), Laniarius atrococcineus.
ǁgábèrīkx'ērū	ɡǁábèrī-qχʼērū		HLMMM		n	sp. bird, crimson-breasted shrike (aka ǃháú-ǁgàē, ǁgábèrī-kx'àā), Laniarius atrococcineus.
bóōrīdzérá	bóōrī-dzérá		HMMHH		n	sp. bird, brubru, Nilaus afer.
ǃnòrō	ŋǃòrō		LM		n	sp. bird, brown-crowned tchagra, Tchagra australis.
bérédzérá	béré-dzérá		HHHH		n	sp. bird, northern grey-headed sparrow (aka ǁnà'n̄n-dzérá), Passer griseus.
ǁqgánā	ǁɢánā		HM		n	something sticky.
ǁnà'n̄ndzérá	ŋǁà̰n̄-dzérá		LMHH	[ŋǁàˤn̄-dzérá]	n	sp. bird, northern grey-headed sparrow (aka béré-dzérá), Passer griseus.
qāānqānā	qāã̄-qānā		MMMM		v	to be spinning and fluttering down. (e.g. of dzènè.)
ǁnà'n̄ndzérá	ŋǁà̰n̄-dzérá		LMHH	[ŋǁàˤn̄-dzérá]	n	sp. bird, great sparrow, Passer motitensis.
qáànqānā	qáã̀-qānā		HLMM		v	to be spinning and fluttering down. (e.g. of dzènè.)
tsx'áūtsx'ànà	tsqχʼáūtsqχʼànà		HMLL		n	sp. bird, southern masked weaver (aka ǀú'nī-ts'à), Ploceus velatus.
ǂgàò	ɡǂàò	ǂgàō	LL		v	to have an agly shaped head, to be ugly in the head shape. 'àm̀ màān è hóón ǂgàò. 'His head is in fact oddly shaped.'
ǀú'nēts'à	ǀṵ́nī-tsʼà		HML	[ǀúˤnī-tsʼà]	n	sp. bird, southern masked weaver (aka tsx'áūtsx'ànà), Ploceus velatus.
ǂ'óbéǂ'òbè	ǂʔóbé-ǂʔòbè		HHLL		v	to run with short and quick steps (of human).
ǀú'nēts'à	ǀṵ́nī-tsʼà		HML	[ǀúˤnī-tsʼà]	n	cluster of nests of southern masked weavers.
'āē	ʔāē		MM		interj	yes. (synonym: ǁnàwà). 'āē ǀò. 'lit. yes though, i.e. non of your business.'
ǂxóàn	ǂχúã̀	ǂxōān	HL		v	to leave a spear stuck (of animals). dyúù bì kx'áò-ìī mà ǂxóàn yā ǃóòn. 'The eland left a spear stuck in the body and walked.' dyúù bì kx'áò-ìī mà ǂxōān-céēxò yā ǃàrò. 'The eland left a spear stuck in the body and ran.'
ǃáānkx'àì	ǃáã̄-qχʼàì		HMLL	[ǃáã̄-qχʼì]	v	to lie on one's back with knees bent. (Gǁana: káān-kx'àì).
tùm̀tùm̀	tùm̀-tùm̀		LLLL		v	to trample heavily. ǀhíí bì cíā tùm̀-tùm̀. 'The rhino trampled me heavily.'
yē	jē		M		interj	yes. used as an answer when called.
kx'àì	qχʼàì		LL	[qχʼì]	suffix	verbalizer. attached to a noun X to derive a verb meaning to regard as something. cèrè yā cì ǁnān m̀ kà 'ēǁùà kx'óōxò-kx'àì yā cì 'ēǁùà ǃúì. 'Then I regarded them as game animals and shoot them.'
ǃ'ánō	ǃʔánū	ǃ'ánwā	HM		v	to be clean, free from unnecessary items; unarmed. ǃnáà kà ǃ'ánō sà 'clean plate.'
xàrè	χàrè		LL		interj	you know what! 'áé-xàrè tsā-m khóè mà ǃ'ánā-hā. 'Hey, you know what? Do you know about humans?'
kà	kà		L		pp	multi purpose oblique. e.g. of, in, at, to, by, about, than, etc. ǀxóò m̀ kà màān sì 'ī 'It is the head of a gemsbok.' 'ēkhùrà kà ǃnúū bì 'ī. 'It is their hut.' ǃnàbī m̀ kà khóō sà ǁqàè. 'to scrape a skin with the scraper.' ǃhábī mà ǀqóèn sì kà ǀgóòn. 'to put a grass stopper in an eggshell water container.' ǀ'éē mà ǁgàē xà sèrà kà 'úú. 'to send firewood to two wives.' ǃnúū m̀ ǃáó kà ǂnóón. 'to sit on the side of the hut.' ǀnèn ǀáḿ kà. 'lit. on this day, i.e. today.' pírí bì ǀnēn ǀgíbī m̀ kà ǀx'óōn-'è. 'The goat was killed by a jackal last night.' 'àbì cī kà ǃáò. 'He is taller than me.' kā kà 'an emphasized expression of kà.'
kà	kà		L		relativizer	relativizer. which, who, that. ǁgàēkò kà 'àm̀ chū móòn sì 'ī. 'It is the woman that he saw yesterday.' ǀúágū kà 'ē màān è háān-cèè mà 'ēsì cì ǁnàē. 'She is talking about a monster whose head is missing.'
kà	kà		L		conj	adverbial clause marker (time, condition, purpose, etc.). 'àm̀ 'ēsà móòn kà 'ēsì hā cì kōōkā 'ē ǂ'óón. 'When he saw her, she was still eating it.' 'àm̀ xà kx'ō bīē kà cèrè xà kx'ō ǃáèn yà ǂáó. 'If it (donkey) were a horse, I could be happy.'
ǁnà'ò	ŋǁà̰ò	ǁnà'ō	LL		v	to search in the wrong place.
ǂxárō	ǂχárō	ǂxárōnā	HM		v	to plead with; to pray to. ǁgámā xànà ǂxárō. 'to plead with gods, i.e. ancestors.'
ǁxàǹn	ǁχàǹ		LL		n	fight, battle, competition. used in the idiomatic expression ǁxàǹn sà ǁx'áē or ǁxàǹn cà ǁx'áē. 'ētsèrà ǁxàǹn sà ǁx'áē. 'They two competed in a match.' xám̄ bì khóè m̀ ǀxùà ǁxàǹn sà ǁx'áē. 'The lion fought with a man.'
ǁxórè	ǁχórè	ǁxōrē	HL		v	to miss (someone).
dyóédyòèsī	ɟóé-ɟòè-sī		HHLLM		v	to stand with a steady balance. ǃgúī m̀ ǀxàè dyóé-dyòè-sī yā ǃóòn. 'to walk a tightrope.'
qàìtè	qàìtè		LLL		interj	interjection directed to dogs used to chase them away. (synonym: hùùtsàì).
hùùtsàì	hùùtsàì		LLLL	[fùùtsàì]	interj	interjection directed to dogs used to chase them away. (synonym: qàìtè.) (loan from Afrikaans: voetsek [futsæk] (aka voertsek, voetsak, voertsak) used to chase away dogs etc., originally voort sê ek (forward say I)).
sá'à	sá̰à		HL	[sáˤà]	interj	interjection directeddirected to hunting dogs to signal them towards the prey by snapping fingers. (cf. séū.)
ǂ'áōn	ǂʔáũ̄	ǂ'áwān	HM		v	to fit perfectly (of clothes). 'āānxò sì 'àmà ǂ'áōn. 'The clothes fit him perfectly.'
sónò	súnù	sōnwā	HL		v	to hiss (of e.g. snake). ǀx'áō bì hā-cì sónò. 'The snake is hissing.' cúú bì cì sónò ya kùà. 'The rain is approaching with a hiss.'
cā	-cā		M		suffix	augmentative (noun suffix). khóè-ǁgò-cā bì kùà. 'A very big man is coming here.'
xámé	χámí	xámyā	HH		v	to shrink arms; to withdraw forelimbs (of tortoiss).
m̀	m̀		L		question marker	\defin{yes-no question marker that attaches to pronominal subjects and to the genitive form of PGN clitics on subject nouns. It regularly bears low tone, but irregularly bears mid tone when used with second person singular masculine and feminine (tsā m̀ [tsám̄], sā m̀ [sám̄]), and third person singular common ('ē m̀ ['ém̄]) pronominal subjects.
héyáhèbà	héjá-hèbà		HHLL		v	variant of hèyà-hèbā, to flap (of bats).
kú'bè	kṵ́bè	kū'bē	HL	[kúᵊˤbè]	v	variant of kù'bè, to aggravate one's illness (transitive).
pòyānpòyàn	pùjã̄-pùjã̀		LMLL		v	variant of pòyàn-pòyàn. (an ostrich) to run.
tù'nà	tṵ̀nà	tù'nā	LL	[tùᵊˤnà]	v	variant of thù'nà. to pull and stretch something elastic.
ts'āānkx'àì	tsʼāã̄-qχʼàì		MMLL	[tsʼāã̄-qχʼì]	v	variant of ts'āān-kx'ārī.
tù'rà	tṵ̀rà	tù'rā	LL	[tùᵊˤlà]	v	variant of tù'nà.
ǀá'àn	ǀá̰ã̀	ǀā'ān	HL	[ǀáˤã̀]	v	variant of ǀhá'àn? to scrape bones in order to take meat.
àrā	àrā	àrānā	LM		v	irregular juncture form of àà
àān	àã̄		LM		ideoph	ideoph for donkey's cry (bray).
à'bè	à̰bè		LL		ideoph	ideoph to describe the manner of cutting open the belly skin of an animal to create an opening for removing the internal organs.. 'àbì kx'óō-xò m̀ kà à'bè cà méén 'lit. he said ideoph to the animal, i.e. he cut open the belly and made a hole.'
á'ǹn	á̰ǹ		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the manner of dog's bite. 'ābā bì cì á'ǹn cà méén 'lit. the dog is saying ideoph, i.e. the dog is biting.'
àm̀	àm̀		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the manner of collapse of a hut or shelf. ǃnúū m̀ ǀx'áé kà 'àbì àm̀ cà méén 'lit. when the hut collapsed, it said ideoph, i.e. the hut crashed and collapsed.'
báán	báã́		HH		ideoph	ideoph for the manner of boring a hole into a large hollow; ideoph of an eggshell flask being emptied of all the water. 'àbì ǃnóē m̀ kà há'é sì kà báán cà méén 'lit. he said ideoph to a porcupine hole (burrow), i.e. he bored a hole to the burrow.' 'àbì há'é sà báán-xò-'òrò ǃhúī 'he bores a hole to a larger hollow.' há'é sì báán-báán 'lit. the hole is ideoph-ideoph, i.e. it (e.g. burrow) has a large hollow inside.'
bábú	bábú		HH		ideoph	variant of búbú. ideoph for the big sound of pounding with an old mortar. khóè sì ìī-kx'ò-ǁgóró sì kà bábú cà méén 'lit. the woman said ideoph to an old mortar, i.e. the woman pounded with the old mortar making the sound of ideoph.' ǁgóró sì ts'óō è bábú-bábú 'the old mortar’s sound is ideoph.' ǁgàē-kò sì cì ǁgóró sà bábú-ts'ī 'the woman is making the sound using an old mortar.' ǁgàē-kò sì cì ǁgóró sà bábú-ts'ī-kà-xō 'lit. the woman is making the old mortar make the sound of ideoph, i.e. she is pounding with the old mortar making the sound of ideoph.' ǁgàē-kò sì cì ǁgóró sà bábú-kārā cíó 'the woman is pounding with an old mortar with the sound.'【ideoph】 variant of bábú.
búbú	búbú		HH		ideoph	ideoph for the big sound of pounding with an old mortar. variant of bábú. khóè sì ìī-kx'ò-ǁgóró sì kà búbú cà méén 'lit. the woman said ideoph to an old mortar, i.e. the woman pounded with the old mortar making the sound of ideoph.' ǁgóró sì ts'óō è búbú-búbú 'the old mortar’s sound is ideoph.' ǁgàē-kò sì cì ǁgóró sà búbú-ts'ī 'the woman is making the sound using an old mortar.' ǁgàē-kò sì cì ǁgóró sà búbú-ts'ī-kà-xō 'lit. the woman is making the old mortar make the sound of ideoph, i.e. she is pounding with the old mortar making the sound of ideoph.' ǁgàē-kò sì cì ǁgóró sà búbú-kārā cíó 'the woman is pounding with an old mortar with the sound.'
bábù	bábù		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of throwing something into fire. 'àbì ǁnúá sà ǀ'éē sì wà bábù cà ǂāān. 'he put a stone into the fire which made the sound of ideoph.' ǀ'éē sì bábù cà méén. 'the fire said ideoph.'
bèrè	bèrè		LL		ideoph	ideoph of a flash (light). ìī-xò sì bèrè cà méén. cúú bì 'ī.
búù	búù		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the manner of many grasses and herbs growing intensively at the same time. ǀgáān dzì búù cà méén. 'lit. the grasses said ideoph, i.e. the grasses grew intensively at the same time.'
cháòn	cʰáũ̀		HL		ideoph	ideoph of walking silently. cháòn-kā 'to walk silently.'
chébè	cʰíbè		HL		ideoph	ideoph of lightning of thunder. cúú bì chébè cà méén 'lit. the rain said ideoph, i.e. the rain lightened.' cúú bì chébè-xò-'òrò cébè 'the rain flushes the lightning.' cúú bì chébè-kā 'the rain moves with lightning.' ǀnèn m̀ cúú bì chébè-chébè 'this rain has lightning.'
cìrì	cìrì		LL		ideoph	ideophone for running sound. cìrì cìrì cìrì cà méén 'lit. to say ideoph, i.e. to run with noise of ideoph.'
cúrì	cúrì		HL		ideoph	ideoph of an animal (such as a snake) quickly jumping or moving away. cúrì-kā 'to jump away.' yíà-dā bì cúrì cà ǁóé 'black mamba lies quickly.' ǀx'áō bì cúrì cà méén 'lit. the snake said ideoph, i.e. the snake jumped away quickly.' ǀx'áō bì cúrì-xò-'òrò ǃárū 'the snake rushed away.'
c'íbà	cʼíbà		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a soft thing being stabbed by accident. c'íbà cà méén 'lit. to say ideoph, i.e. to be stabbed with the sound ideoph.' c'íbà-kā 'to be stabbed around (of a soft thing).'
c'ìbā	cʼìbā		LM		ideoph	variant of c'íbà.
dà'bù	dà̰bù		LL		ideoph	ideoph for slackness, looseness, saggingness.
dá'rí	dá̰rí		HH		ideoph	ideoph for stepping on a thornish thing. 'àm̀ ǃnàrè è dá'rí cà céé 'his foot stepped on a thorn.'
dírí	dírí		HH		ideoph	ideoph for an axe not to stab. bóó sì dírí cà céé. 'lit. the axe stood saying ideoph, i.e. the axe hit (the wood) but did not break it properly.'
dúbú	dúbú		HH		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of old mortar. ìī-kx'ò-ǁgóró bì cì dúbú cà méén. 'the old mortar makes the noise of ideoph.'
dzà'ēn	dzà̰ĩ̄		LM		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of trees scraping each other; the sound of a zip fastener when it is abruptly fastened. ìī tsèrà cì dzà'īn cà méén, 'lit. a pair of trees are saying ideoph, i.e. a pair of trees are making the sound of ideoph.' khóè bì dzíípè m̀ kà dzà'īn cà méén 'lit. the man said ideoph to a zipper, i.e. the zipper made the sound of ideoph when it was used by the man.' dzà'īn-ts'ī 'to make the sound of ideoph repeatedly.' 'étsèrà ìī tsèrà òē ǀáḿ khā ('áó-sī) cì dzà'īn-ts'ī 'the two trees always (for a long time) make the sound of ideoph.'
dzù'bù	dzṵ̀bù		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of steenbok's running.
góán	ɡúã́		HH		ideoph	ideoph of unsteady movement. 'ɡúã́-kā' 'to walk unsteadily'. góán-gòàn 'to be swinging.'
gù'ǹn	ɡṵ̀ǹ		LL	[ɡṵ̀ᵊǹ]	ideoph	ideoph of caterpillar’s moving. gù'ǹn-ts'ī 'to move (of a caterpillar).' gù'ǹn-kā 'to walk slowly (of a donkey).'
gúrì	ɡúrì		HL		ideoph	ideoph for a sudden start of running (of animals) gúrì cà ǂnóón. 'to start running suddenly.'
ǀgébà	ɡǀébà		HL		ideoph	ideoph for cloudy water becoming clear. bíī sì ǀgébà cà méén. 'lit. a Raphionacme burkei said ideoph, i.e. water taken from Raphionacme burkei root has become clear (this is done by using leaves of Silver terminalia).' ǀgáà sì bíī sì kà ǀgébà cà méén. 'Silver terminalia says ideoph to Raphionacme burkei, i.e. Silver terminalia leaves make R. burkei water clear.' bíī sì hā cì ǀgébà-kā. 'Raphionacme burkei water becomes clear in many places (or repeatedly)'.
ǀgébà	ɡǀébà		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the juices coming out of meat when it is sufficiently cooked. ǀxáā sì ǀgébà cà méén. 'lit. the meat says ideoph, i.e. the meat is done.'
ǀgúrà	ɡǀúrà		HL		ideoph	ideoph for walking with heavy steps. ǀgúrà-kā 'to walk heavily.' (cf. ǀgúrà-ǀgúrà 【food texture verb】 (= ǀgá'm̀-ǀgá'm̀) is not related to this ideophone.)
ǃgá'nò	ɡǃá̰nù		HL		ideoph	ideoph of walking indignantly. ǃgá'nù-kā 'to walk indingnantly.'
ǃgòt	ɡǃòt		L	[ɡǃòᵊt]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of something being swallowed. khóè bì tsháā sì kà ǃgòt cà méén. 'A man says ideoph to water (a man swallowed water with the sound).' 'àbì tsháā sà ǃgòt-ts'ī. 'He makes the sound of ideoph in swallowing water.' 'àbì tsháā sà hā cì ǃgòt-kārā-kx'áà. 'He is repeatedly drinking water with the sound of ideoph.'
ǂgìbì	ɡǂìbì		LL		ideoph	a sound of running (of human and animal).
ǂgíp	ɡǂíp		H		ideoph	ideoph of an dull axe hitting a wood.
ǂgùp	ɡǂùp		L	[ɡǂùp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a leather strap breaking. ǂqàī bì ǂgùp cà méén. 'A leather belt says ideoph (it breaks and makes the sound).'
ǁgábù	ɡǁábù		HL		ideoph	ideoph for a shuttlecock spinning as it falls. dzènè sì ǁgábù cà méén. 'The suttlecock (is spinning) says ideoph.'
qgánó	ɢánú		HH		ideoph	ideophone of the manner of something entering a hole.
hábù	hábù		HL		ideoph	ideoph of fast walking with long strides. hábù-kā 'to walk quickly with long strides (often when it is hot).'
há'ē	há̰ē		HM		ideoph	ideoph for womanʼs cry.
hárí	hárí		HH		ideoph	ideoph for the manner of a fat animal's falling down to death.
hárù	hárù		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the manner of the springhare rod entering the nest hole.
héēn	híĩ̄		HM		ideoph	crying or sobbing voice. ǀóán bì héēn cà méén. 'A child says ideoph.' ǀóán bì héēn-héēn. ǀóán bì cì héēn-ts'ī. ǀóán bì cì héēn-kā. (cf. ǀnhómé)
hòè	hòè		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the manner of shitting. 'ābā bì tsùū sì kà hòè cà méén. 'The dog shat (lit. the dog said ideoph to shit)'.
hórè	hórè		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the heat.
húà	húà		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the manner of raising a light thing.
húū	húū		HM		ideoph	the bird's (ǂ'èbè-rì) hooting.
hòò	hòò		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the manner of being cooked quickly.
éēn	íĩ̄		HM		ideoph	child's cry.
ìp	ìp		L		ideoph	ideoph for the manner in which something is completely buried with sand, such as fire, a dog character in the story of the lady of fat (ǁnúì-ǀūāgū). ǀ'éē sì kà ìp cà méén 'say ideoph to fire (when having buried fire).'
yàp	jàp		L		ideoph	ideoph for the manner in which something is being buried with sand, such as fire, a dog character in the story of the ``lady of fat'' (ǁnúì-ǀūāgū). ǀ'éē sì kà yàp cà méén 'say ideoph to fire (when being buried fire).'
kháǹn	kʰáǹ		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the texture of nuts. (> kháǹn-kháǹn 【food texture verb】). ǀxúī sì cì kháǹn cà méén. 'A gemsbok bean says ideoph (the bean has the texture).' khóè bì ǀxúī sà kháǹn-ts'ī. 'A man eats the bean making the sound.' khóè bì ǀxúī sà kháǹn-kā. 'The man eating a gemsbok bean around, feeling its texture.'
kháòn	kʰáũ̀		HL		ideoph	ideoph of walking silently. kháòn-kā 'to walk silently.'
kù'à	kṵ̀à		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound (and the manner) of the skull being broken. khóè bì 'ēsì màān kà kù'à cà méén. 'The man says ideoph to its head (the man broke its head bone with the sound).' cí màān è kù'à cà méén. 'My head says ideoph (it aches terribly).' kù'à-ts'ī 'to make the sound of ideoph.' kù'à-kā 'to move around making the sound.' màān sì kù'à-kù'à. 'The head is broken.'
kú'm̀	kṵ́m̀		HL	[kṵ́ᵊm̀]	ideoph	ideoph for the big sound or voice.
má'ēn	má̰ĩ̄		HM		ideoph	buzz of the bee.
móō	móō		HM		ideoph	wildebeest's cry.
úán	úã́		HH		ideoph	ideoph for something being pulled out slowly (e.g. the inner wood of acacia root). ǃgòōn-ǃx'áí bì óán cà méén. 'The acacia root says ideoph (is pulled out with the sound.).' ǃgòōn-ǃx'áí bì óán-kārā-ǂx'úā. 'The acacia root is being pulled out slowly and smoothly.' ǃgòōn-ǃx'áí bì cì óán-xò-'òrò ǂx'úā. 'The acachia root is being pulled out slowly.'
ngóán	ŋúã́		HH	[ŋṹã́]	ideoph	variant of óán.
ùàn	ùã̀		LL		ideoph	ideoph for insulting penis which exploses its glans.
ngòàn	ŋùã̀		LL	[ŋũ̀ã̀]	ideoph	variant of òàn.
ǀná'p	ŋǀá̰p		H		ideoph	ideoph of a prolonged rain stopping. cúú bì ǀná'p cà méén. 'lit. the rain said ideoph, i.e. the continuous rain finally stopped.' cúú bì ǀná'p-xò-'òrò ǃnáé 'The prolonged rain was finally over.' cúú m̀ ǃnáé-kx'áḿ è ǀná'p-ǀná'p 'The rain takes a long time to stop.' (ǀná'p-ts'ī 'to rain with a sound', ǀná'p-kā.)
ǀnòrē	ŋǀòrē		LM		ideoph	ideoph of dodging quickly. 'àbì ǀnòrē cà méén. 'lit. he said ideoph, i.e. he has dodged quickly.' 'àbì cì ǀnòrē-kā. 'He is stepping and dodging quickly.' 'àbì ǀnòrē-kārā-ǁnàān. 'He stepped aside, dodging quickly.' 'àm̀ ǁnàān-kx'áḿ è ǀnòrē-ǀnòrē 'His dodging says ideoph.' ǀnòrē-xò-'òrò ǁnàān.
ǃnà'bù	ŋǃà̰bù		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of falling down (the whole thing, with a thud). ǃgáēn bì ǃnà'bù cà méén. 'A steenbok makes the sound of ideoph (e.g. when it tries to run away from a trap in vain).' ǃgáēn bì ǃnà'bù-xò-'òrò ǀx'áé. ǃnà'bù-ts'ī. 'to make the sound of ideoph.' ǃnà'bù-kā 'to move making the sound of ideoph.'
ǃnùrì	ŋǃùrì		LL		ideoph	the dull sound of a heavy thing falling on the earth. (synonym: ǂqòòn) ǀgúà sì (or ǀgèrō-ǂ'úbī sì, or ǁnúá sì) ǃnùrì cà méén/céé. 'A monkey orange (or an ostrich egg, or a stone) says/stands ideoph.' ǀgúà sì ǃnùrì-xò-'òrò ǂhēē. 'A monkey orange falls in the manner of ideoph.' ǀgúà dzì ǂhēē ts'óō dzì ǃnùrì-ǃnùrì. 'lit. the sound of monkey oranges’ falling is ideoph-ideoph, i.e. the monkey oranges fall on the ground with the sound of ideoph.' ǀxóé dzì cì ǃnùrì-ts'ī 'Hails are falling with the sound of ideoph.' ǃnùrì-kā 'to move with the sound of ideoph (when a strong wind blows oranges down repeatedly).'
ǂnùp	ŋǂùp		L	[ŋǂùp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of whip. ǁnhá'mì bì ǂnùp cà méén. 'A whip says ideoph (it makes the sound).' ǂnùp-ts'ī 'to make the sound of ideoph repeatedly'.
ǂnú'p	ŋǂṵ́p		H	[ŋǂṵ́ᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of pulling out an edible tuber (of Cucumis kalahariensis). ǃ'ūm̄-ǀè m̀ kà ǂnú'p cà méén. 'to say ideoph to Cucumis kalahariensis (to pull out the tuber).' 'àbì kùà ǂnú'p-kā 'He moves around pulling out the tuber making the sound.'
ǁnàbù	ŋǁàbù		LL		ideoph	ideoph for grasping something abruptly. ǁnàbù-kā 'to move grasping something abruptly'. ǁnàbù-xò-'òrò. 'abruptly'. 'àbì ǃáó-xò sì kà ǁnàbù cà méén. 'He says ideoph to a knife (he grasps the knife abruptly).' 'àbì ǃáó-xò sà ǁnàbù-xò-'òrò ǃxóó. 'He grasps the knife in the manner of ideoph'.
ǁnù'p	ŋǁṵ̀p		L	[ŋǁṵ̀ᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a large bird falling on the ground (e.g. after being shot). ǂgéú bì ǁnù'p cà méén. 'A kori says ideoph (it makes the sound on falling down).' ǂgéú bì ǁnù'p-ts'ī. 'A kori falls down struggling and making the sound.'
ǁnú'ró	ŋǁṵ́ró		HH	[ŋǁṵ́ᵊló]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a quiver falling on the ground. ǁnú'ró cà méén. 'to say ideoph (to make the sound falling on the ground).' ǁnú'ró cà ǁóé. 'to fall and lie on the ground with the sound'. ǁnú'ró-kā. 'to move around falling and making the sound'. ǁnú'ró-ts'ī. 'to make the sound falling onto the ground.'
pá'à	pá̰à		HL		ideoph	ideoph for something juicy falling to explode. 'e.g. wild melon.'
pà'bù	pà̰bù		LL		ideoph	ideoph of the sound of a leather water container falling down.
pèè	pèè		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the manner of water-container breaking.
pháà	pʰáà		HL		ideoph	ideoph for cutting animals belly. ǀnàà sì pháà cà méén.
phám̀	pʰám̀		HL		ideoph	ideoph of softness, fluffiness and puffiness. ǁnàū sì cì phám̀ cà méén. ǁnàū sì phám̀-phám̀.
phéè	pʰéè		HL		ideoph	ideoph of symmetical/radial spreading, such as butterfly, thunder lightening.
phóò	pʰóò		HL		ideoph	ideoph of a person or insect jumping into fire all of a sudden. ǀóán bì ǀx'áé yā ǀ'éē sì wà phóò cà ǂāān. 'A child falls and enters the fire all of a sudden.' phóò-kā 'to move into fire.' ǀóán bì phóò cà méén. 'A child says ideoph (a child jumps into fire).' ǀóán bì ǀ'éē sì wà phóò-xò-'òrò ǀx'áé 'A child falls into fire suddenly.' ǀ'éē sì phóò-phóò. 'The fire draws people (e.g. the fire is so large that a child likely falls into it).'
pìī	pìī		LM		ideoph	sound of fart.
póó	póó		HH		ideoph	ideoph of giraffe’s walking. póó-kā 'to walk (of a giraffe).'
pùrù	pùrù		LL		ideoph	ideoph of digging the surface into a burrow deep inside.
pùū	pùū		LM		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of fart. (synonym: pìī)
pùù	pùù		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of beating.
phúrù	pʰúrù		HL		ideoph	ideoph of walking sticking in the sand. phúrù-kā 'to walk sticking in the sand'. ideoph for the stick/foot breaking the sand into a burrow beneath the sand surface.
qáí	qáí		HH		ideoph	a cry of a dog emitting when it is beaten. 'ābā bì qáí cà méén. 'A dog says ideoph.' 'ābā bì cì qáí-ts'ī. 'A dog is crying (making the sound of ideoph).' 'ābā bì cì qáí-kā. 'A dog is moving with repeated cries'.
qháán	qʰáã́		HH		ideoph	ideoph of a smell starting to waft; the way some smell comes along. ǁx'áòn sì qháán cà méén. 'The smell says ideoph (something starts to smell).' ǁx'áòn sì qháán-xò-'òrò m̀m̀. 'The smell starts to smell.' ǀnèn m̀ kx'óō-xò m̀ ts'óró ǁx'áòn è cì qháán-kā. 'This animal’s rotten smell is moving.' ǀnèn m̀ kx'óō-xò m̀ ts'óró ǁx'áòn è qháán-qháán. (e.g. kùrū sì ǁx'áòn sì qháán cà méén.)
qhábù	qʰábù		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the manner of the arrow poison taking effect.
qhúǹn	qʰúǹ		HL	[qʰúᵊǹ]	ideoph	ideoph of trembling with fear and getting pale; ideoph of being frightened. cí ǂáó è qhúǹn cà méén. 'My heart says ideoph (I am frightened)'. (> qhúǹn-ts'ī, qhúǹn-kā).
qhùp	qʰùp		L	[qʰùᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for eland's showing up from trees.
qúà	qúà		HL		ideoph	ideoph of a soft tsamma melon or an edible root breaking in two. ǁnà'n̄n sì qúà cà méén. 'A tsamma melon says ideoph (the melon breaks).' ǁnà'n̄n sì qúà-xò-'òrò ǃqárā-sì. 'A tsamma melon breaks.' ǀnèn sì ǁnà'n̄n sì qúà-qúà. 'The tsamma melon is soft and breakbable.' (> qúà-ts'ī, qúà-kā).
kx'ábù	qχʼábù		HL		ideoph	ideoph of clouds suddenly rising. cúú bì kx'ábù cà méén. 'The rain says ideoph (the rain suddenly rise).' cúú bì kx'ábù-xò-'òrò 'ābā-xō. 'The rain suddenly prepares to start.' cúú bì kx'ábù-kx'ábù-sī 'ābā-xō. 'The rain suddenly prepares to start.'
kx'òp	qχʼòp		L	[qχʼòᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of an edible root being broken while it is being dug (e.g. ǃ'ūm̄-ǀ'è, Cucumis kalahariensis). ǃ'ūm̄-ǀ'è sì kx'òp cà méén. 'Cucumis kalahariensis root breaks with the sound of ideoph.' khóè bì ǀààn sì kà kx'òp cà méén. 'A man says ideoph to Coccinia rehmannii (he breaks it with the sound while he is digging it out)'. kx'òp-ts'ī 'to make the sound of ideoph repeatedly and monotonously.'
sà'ēn	sà̰ĩ̄		LM		ideoph	the scratching sound (e.g. of nails against the tent cloth). 'āān-xò sì sà'īn cà méén yā tsā'rā 'lit. the clothes said ideoph and tore, i.e. the clothes tore with hissing.' 'āān-xò sì sà'īn-sà'īn. 'The clothes make the sound of ideoph.' 'āān-xò sì cì sà'īn-ts'ī 'The clothes make the sound.' 'āān-xò sì cì sà'īn-kā.
súà	súà		HL		ideoph	ideoph of rain stopping shortly. súà cà méén ò. 'Say súàǃ (A shout toward the rain, to stop it.)'. súà-kā 'to walk in light steps.' cúú bì súà cà méén. 'The rain says ideoph (the rain stops).' cúú bì súà-xò-'òrò ǃnáé. 'The rain stops shortly and goes away.' súà-kā. 'to stop and start raining repeatedly'.
súrì	súrì		HL		ideoph	ideoph for a funny manner of an animal, such as a wild cat, coming rushing out with surprise. ǃqúrù bì súrì cà ǂx'úā. 'A wildcat comes out in a funny way.' súrì-kā 'to move going out in a funny way.' (=téén cà méén). kx'óōxò-ǀùà bì súrì-xò-'òrò ǃárū. 'A young animal runs coming out in a fanny way.' ǀx'áān ǂnàn̄n-ǂè sì súrì-súrì yā ǂx'úā-'ò. 'A soft pea jumps out and misses (the mouth, when one is trying to eat it)'. súrì-kā 'to run and go out repeatedly'.
táōn	táũ̄		HM		ideoph	ideoph of the sound of a seed shot with a traditional slingshot. ǀxúrī bì táōn cà méén.
thábù	tʰábù		HL		ideoph	ideoph of walking slowly and unstably. thábù-kā 'to walk slowly and unstably.'
tìì	tìì		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a heavy object falling; the similar sound of kori with its throat swollen. ǁnúá sì tìì cà méén. 'A stone says ideoph (it falls and makes the sound).' ǂgéú bì tìì cà méén. 'Kori says ideoph.'
téén	tíĩ́		HH		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of thumb piano.
téén	tíĩ́		HH		ideoph	ideoph of springing out. dzérá bì téén cà méén. 'A bird says ideoph (it comes out suddenly).' dzérá bì téén-xò-'òrò pēē. 'A bird flies suddenly.' dzérá bì téén-xò-'òrò 'àm̀ kà ǃnúū sì wà ǂqxúā. 'A bird comes out of its nest suddenly.' 'àm̀ kà ǂx'úā-kx'áḿ sì tééntéén. dzérá dzì cì téén-kā.
tìrì	tìrì		LL		ideoph	ideoph for being dull/blunt of axe. bóó sì cì tìrì cà méén.
tx'áp	tqχʼáp		H		ideoph	ideoph of being or becoming blind (losing sight); ideoph of a hole being stopped up; ideoph of clouds covering the sun. cúú-khóō dzì ǀáḿ sì kà tx'áp cà méén. 'Clouds say ideoph to the sun (the clouds completely cover the sun.).' cúú-khóō dzì ǀáḿ sà tx'áp-kā. 'Clouds move and cover the sun.'
tx'àp	tqχʼàp		L		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of stepping into mud. tx'àp cà méén. 'to say ideoph. (i.e. make the sound)'
tx'óyàn	tqχʼújã̀		HL		ideoph	ideoph of an animal, such as a leopard or wildcat, jumping away quietly. tx'únyàn cà méén 'to say ideoph. (jump away quietly)' tx'únyàn-kā. 'to move quietly.' ǃ'óè bì tx'únyàn-xò-'òrò càn̄n. 'A leopard gets up silently.'
tùm̄	tùm̄		LM		ideoph	ideoph for the sound for ladling (scooping) water.
tùrì	tùrì		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the bluntness of a spear. kx'áò-ìī bì tùrì cà méén.
tùù	tùù		LL		ideoph	ideoph of a group of people suddenly standing up; the manner and sound of many birds’ suddenly starting to fly. khóè xàrì tùù cà méén. 'People say ideoph (they stand up suddenly).' dzérá dzì tùù cà méén. 'Birds say ideoph (they fly away suddenly).'
tù'ǹn	tṵ̀ǹ		LL		ideoph	ideoph for softness (e.g. meat which is soft and slippery and therefore hard to cut). ǃáò-xò sì ǀxáā sì ǀxàè tù'ǹn cà méén, 'ēsì thá'rì khūā.
tsá'bū	tsá̰bū		HM		ideoph	ideoph of a trap coming off. ǃgúī bì tsá'bū cà méén 'lit. the trap said ideoph, i.e. the trap comes off.' ǃgúī bì tsá'bū-kā. ǃgúī bì tsá'bū-ts'ī. ǃgúī bì tsá'bū-xò-'òrò càm̄ 'the snare came off.'
tsháǹn	tsʰáǹ		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the tender texture (of meat). (> tsʰáǹ-tsʰáǹ 【food texture verb】). ǀxáā sì tsháǹn cà méén. 'The meat says ideoph (it is tender).' ǃáò-xò sì cì ǀxáā sì kà tsháǹn cà méén. 'A knife says ideoph to meat (the knife smoothly cuts the meat, which is tender).' khóè bì ǀxáā sà tsháǹn-kā. 'A man moves around cutting smoothly the tender meat.' khóè bì tsháǹn-xò-'òrò ǀxáā sà xáò.
tsx'àbā	tsqχʼàbā		LM		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of juicy meat being pounded with a bladed-mallet. tsx'àbā-ts'ī 'to make the sound of ideoph'. tsx'àbā-kā 'to walk on the wet sand with the sound of ideoph.' khóè bì ǀxáā sà cíó 'ēsì yā tsx'àbā cà méén. 'A man pounds meat and the meat says ideoph.' khóè bì ǀxáā sì kà tsx'àbā cà méén. 'A man says ideoph to meat (the meat makes the sound).' khóè bì ǀxáā sà tsx'àbā-ts'ī. 'A man makes the sound with meat.' khóè bì ǀxáā sà tsx'àbā-kārā- cíó. 'A man pounds meat with the sound of ideoph.' ǀxáā sì cíó 'ò è tsx'àbā-tsx'àbā. ǀxáā sì tsx'àbā-tsx'àbā à cíó 'ò. 'The meat makes the sound of ideoph repeatedly when being pounded.'
tsxóè	tsχóè		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the shout for catching a small antelope by hands.
tsxòp	tsχòp		L	[tsχòᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph of snatching something or catching a small animal (e.g. a young steenbok) quickly. 'àbì ǃgáēn-ǀò m̀ kà tsxòp cà méén. 'He says ideoph to a young steenbok (he catches it quickly).'
tù'p	tṵ̀p		L	[tṵ̀ᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph of squatting with the heels raised up. khóè bì tù'p cà méén. 'A man says ideoph (he squats with his heels raised up).'
túú	túú		HH		ideoph	ideoph of becoming silent/quiet/calm. kì cì kx'úī m̀ khóè bì túú cà méén. 'A man who has kept talking says ideoph (he becomes silent).' cúú bì túú cà méén. 'The thunder becomes silent.' cúú bì túú-xò-'òrò ǃnóō. 'The rain becomes quiet.' cúú/khóè bì túú-túú. 'The rain/man is silent.' ǀnèn xò sì túú-túú. 'This place is calm.'
tùù	tùù		LL		ideoph	ideoph of a group of people suddenly standing up; the manner and sound of many birds’ suddenly starting to fly. khóè xàrì tùù cà méén. 'People say ideoph (they stand up suddenly).' dzérá dzì tùù cà méén. 'Birds say ideoph (they fly away suddenly).'
txòp	tχòp		L	[tχòᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of an animal neck being stabbed. ǃáò-xò sì txòp cà méén. 'A knife says ideoph (it makes the sound when it pierces an animal’s neck).' khóè bì pírí m̀ kà txòp cà méén. 'A man says ideoph to a goat (he stabs the neck of the goat with the sound).' khóè bì pírí mà ǃáò-xò sì kà txòp-ts'ī. 'A man stabs a goat (neck) repeatedly with a knife with the sound of ideoph.'
ú'ā	ṵ́ā		HM		ideoph	ideoph for jackal's cry
úbù	úbù		HL		ideoph	ideoph of falling in or flying in the fire (of a child, insect).
ú'bú	ṵ́bú		HH		ideoph	ideoph for the manner of a death of a larɡe animal.
ù'p	ṵ̀p		L	[ṵ̀ᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound that an aadvark makes in escaping from the tunnel nest. ǃgóò bì ù'p cà méén. 'An aadvark makes the noise of ideoph.'
ùrù	ùrù		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a bevy of birds flying together. gènā-té ǁù ùrù cà méén. 'Amadina erythrocephala or Pytilia melba says ideoph (the birds fly together with the sound).' 'éǁù cì ùrù-ts'ī. 'They are making the sound of ideoph in flying together.' 'éǁù cì ùrù-kārā-pēē. 'They are flying with the sound of ideoph.'
út	út		H	[út]	ideoph	ideophone for the manner of entering a hole or water.
úrú	úrú		HH		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a tree swaying in the wind. úrú-kā 'to make a noise (of a tree) because of wind.'
úū	úū		HM		ideoph	hoot of spotted eagle owl.
xárù	χárù		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound (and texture) of biting into a fresh tsamma melon. (> xárù-xárù 【food texture verb】). ǁnà'n̄n sì xárù cà méén. 'A tsamma melon says ideoph.' khóè bì cì ǁnà'n̄n sà xárù-ts'ī. 'A man eats a tsamma melon with the sound of ideoph.' khóè bì cì ǁnà'n̄n sà xárù-kārā-ǁx'áà. 'A man walks around eating a tsamma melon.'
xáù	χáù		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of jumping in (or being thrown in); ideoph for doing something with one's heart and soul.. khóè bì cì ìī sì wà ǂāān yā xáù cà méén. 'A man enters a bush and says ideoph.' xáù-ts'ī 'to make the sound of ideoph.' xáù-kā 'to move and make the sound of ideoph.' 'àrì ǀíī sà xáù cà céēxò. 'They sang a song with their heart and soul.'
xōp	χōp		M	[χōᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of eating dried berries. (>xúm̀-xúm̀ 【food texture verb】); the sound of walking on dry leaves. ǁqánē dzì xōp cà méén. dá'nà dzì xōp cà méén. '(dry) leaves say ideoph.' khóè bì dá'nà dzì xōp-ts'ī. 'A man walks in (dry) leaves with a noise of ideoph.' khóè bì dá'nà dzì xōp-kārā-ǃóòn. khóè bì dá'nà dzì xōp-xò-'òrò íyà. 'A man steps on (dry) leaves with a sound of ideoph.'
xòp	χòp		L	[χòᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of walking on dry grass (human or animal). khóè bì ǀgáān dzì kà xòp cà méén. 'A man says ideoph in the grass.' khóè bì ǀgáān dzì xòp-ts'ī. 'The man says ideoph.'
'ú'p	ʔṵ́p		H	[ʔṵ́ᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph of clouds becoming dense and covering the sun so that they make shadow. cúú-khóō dzì ǀáḿ sì kà 'ú'p cà méén. 'Clouds says ideoph to the sun.'
'úrú	ʔúrú		HH		ideoph	the manner and/or voice of animals’ threatening. xám̄ bì 'úrú cà méén. 'A lion says ideoph (the lion is threatening by roaring).' 'úrú-kā. 'to move around roaring.'
ǀá'bà	ǀá̰bà		HL		ideoph	ideoph of falling on one's buttocks.
ǀqgàòn	ǀɢàũ̀		LL		ideoph	ideoph for quick and smooth landing.
ǀnhòp	ǀhòp		L	[ǀhòᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the texture of dried meat cooked with insufficient water, or of pounded dry seeds; the sound of a digging stick sticking in (the sand). ǀnòè sì xúḿ sì kà ǀnhòp cà méén. 'A digging stick says ideoph in the sand. (it sticks in the sand with the sound).' khóè sì xúḿ sà ǀnòè sì kà ǀnhòp-ts'ī. 'A woman jabs the sand with a digging stick with a sound of ideoph.' khóè sì xúḿ sà ǀnòè sì kà ǀnhòp-kārā-tsháō. 'A woman dug around in the sand with a digging stick making the sound of ideoph.' ǀnhòp-xò-'òrò ǃháē 'to jab with this sound.' ǀnòè sì ǃháē-'ò è ǀnhòp-ǀnhòp 'The feeling of thrusting the diggingstick is like that of something dry'
ǀhá'bù	ǀʰá̰bù		HL		ideoph	ideophone of a hyena’s running. ǀhá'bù-kā 'to run (of a hyena).' ǀnùū-tshá sì ǃàrò è ǀhá'bù-ǀhá'bù 'lit. a hyena’s running is ideop-ideoph, the hyena runs in the manner of ideoph.'
ǀhóp	ǀʰóp		H	[ǀʰóᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of something light falling down; the texture of fibrous herbs or small thin caterpillars. (> ǀhúm̀-ǀhúm̀ 【food texture verb】). ǀx'áré ǀóán bì ǀhóp cà méén. 'A baby says ideoph (falls down lightly).' ǀx'áré ǀóán bì ǀhóp-kārā-ǀx'áé; ǀx'áré ǀóán bì ǀhóp-xò-'òrò ǀx'áé. 'A baby falls down with the sound of ideoph.' 'àm̀ ǀqxáé-kx'áḿ è ǀhóp-ǀhóp 'He falls with the sound of ideoph.'
ǀhúbù	ǀʰúbù		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of an animal jumping into the bush. ǃgáēn-ǀò bì ǀhúbù cà ǂāān yā tsāā. 'A small steenbok jumps in with the sound of ideoph and disappears.' (ǀhúbù-kā, ǀhúbù-ts'ī, ǀhúbù-ǀhúbù).
ǀhúì	ǀʰúì		HL		ideoph	ideoph for setting fire to dry grass. ǀ'éē sì kà ǀgáān dzì wà ǀhúì cà méén. 'to set fire to grass.'
ǀìp	ǀìp		L		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a heavy spear piercing sandy ground; the sound of an aardvark digging and kicking sand. kx'áó sì ǀìp cà méén. 'A spear says ideoph (pierces the sand surface ).' khóè bì kx'áó sà ǀìp-ts'ī 'A man says ideoph (stabs sandy ground) with a spear.' (ǀìp-kā, ǀìp-xò-'òrò, ǀìp-ǀìp)
ǀóp	ǀóp		H	[ǀóᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph of fire going out. ǀ'éē sì ǀóp cà méén. 'lit. the fire says ideoph, i.e. the fire goes out.' ǀ'éē sì ǀóp-kā. 'The fire went out here and there.' ǀ'éē sì ǀóp-xò-'òrò ts'īrī 'The fire went out.' ǀ'éē sì ǀóp-ǀóp 'The fire goes out in the manner of ideoph.'
ǀqánó	ǀqánú		HH		ideoph	ideoph of something small entering a large hole, of something entering a hole much larger than itself. ǀqánó cà méén; ǃnóē bì ǀqánó cà méén/ǂāān; ǃnóē bì ǀqánó-xò-'òrò ǂāān; 'a porcupine enters a hole much larger than itself.' ǀqánó-ǀqánó-sī ǂēnā-ǂnòèn. 'to enter a large hole and stay there.'
ǀqháà	ǀqʰáà		HL		ideoph	ideoph of finding something after a long search. 'àbì dyúù m̀ kà ǀqháà cà méén. 'He says ideoph to an eland (he eventually finds an eland).' cèrè dyúù mà ǀqháà-xò-'òrò móòn 'Eventually I (unexpectedly) found an eland.' 'àbì ǀqháà-ǀqháà-sī kx'óō-xò mà móòn. 'He suddenly finds an animal through.' ǀqháà-kā 'to find suddenly repeatedly.'
ǀqhábà	ǀqʰábà		HL		ideoph	ideophone for entering into the adult stage, which concludes the female initiation ceremony. It works like a charm that helps her find things she did not see before the initiation. cīāǁū sì ǀóán sì kà ǀqhábà cà méén, ǀóán sì yā ǀqháà-xò-'òrò ǃ'úū kà xò dzì móòn. 'The aunt says the magic word, i.e. ideoph, to the girl, and on the next day the girl will see things'. ǀqhábà, sā kx'ō cì móòn kx'áò-kò bì 'ī. 'ideoph, it is the man that you always used to see.' ts'éè-kx'ī kx'áḿ sì ǀqhábà-ǀqhábà 'The luck is seen suddently.'
ǀqhóòn	ǀqʰúũ̀		HL		ideoph	ideoph of quickly entering a tree with dry leaves (e.g. a bird, animal.). (ǀqhóòn cà ǂāān) (ǀqhóòn-ts'ī) (ǀqhóòn-kā 'to walk into with noise'). ìī sì wà ǂāān ts'óō sì ǀqhóòn-ǀqhóòn 'The sound of entering a tree says ideoph.' ǀqhóòn-xò-'òrò ìī sì wà ǂāān 'to enter a tree with the sound of ideoph.'
ǀx'áòn	ǀqχʼáũ̀		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the texture of raisins, ants, etc.; the sound made in the mouth when one is chewing raisins or edible ants. 'àbì ǀhààn dzì kà ǀx'áòn cà méén. 'He says ideoph with ants (he chews ants with that sound).' 'àbì ǀhààn dzì ǀx'áòn-kā. 'He moves around making the noise of ideoph by chewing ants.' 'àbì ǀhààn dzì ǀx'áòn-xò-'òrò ǁáē. 'He crunched ants with popping sounds.' ǀx'áòn-ǀx'áòn 【food texture verb】 ǀx'áòn-ts'ī 'to make this sound.'
ǀx'óp	ǀqχʼóp		H	[ǀqχʼóᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph of finishing a song. ǁgàē-kò dzì ǀíī sì kà ǀx'óp cà méén. 'Women say ideoph with the song (they stop the song).' ǁgàē-kò dzì ǀíī sà ǀx'óp-xò-'òrò khóán. 'Women stopped the song abruptly.' (ǀx'óp-kā, ǀx'óp-ts'ī, ǀx'óp-ǀx'óp).
ǀq'àbū	ǀqʼàbū		LM		ideoph	ideoph of falling into water with a plop. ǁnúá sì ǀq'àbū cà méén. 'lit. a stone says plop, i.e. a pebble falls into the water with a plop sound.' ǁnúá sì tsháā sì wà ǀq'àbū cà ǂāān. 'A stone falls into the water with the sound of a plop.' ǀq'àbū-kā 'to walk through a puddle making a pitter-patter of small water sounds.' 'àbì kùà ǀq'àbū-kārā-ǃóòn. 'He is walking (through the puddle) making a pitter-patter of water sounds.' ǀnèn sì ǀxáā sì ǀq'àbū-ǀq'àbū. 'This meat is juicy (it makes a similar sound to plop when bitten).' ǀq'àbū-ts'ī 'to plop; to make the sound of something small dripping into water.' ǀq'àbū-xò-'òrò tsháā sì wà ǂāān 'to drop into water with a plop.'
ǀq'áè	ǀqʼáè		HL		ideoph	ideoph for popping out (e.g. a snake striking out of a hollow in a tree). ǀx'áō bì ǀq'áè cà ǂx'úā; ǀx'áō bì ǀq'áè-xò-'òrò ǂx'úā. 'A snake struck out (popped out) abruptly.' ǀx'áō bì cì ǀq'áè-kā. 'A snake strikes (pops) out repeatedly.' ǀx'áō m̀ kà ǂqxúā-kx'ām̄ sì ǀq'áè-ǀq'áè. 'A snake will strike out.'
ǀx'òp	ǀqχʼòp		L	[ǀqχʼòᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of dry grass (or straw) breaking. 'àbì ǀgáān m̀ kà ǀx'òp cà méén. 'He says ideoph with the grass'. ǀx'òp-ts'ī 'to repeatedly make the sound of ideoph.' 'àbì cì ǀgáān dzì ǀx'úm̀, 'édzì yā cì ǀx'òp cà méén. 'He breaks the grass, and the grass says ideoph.' 'àbì cì ǀgáān dzì ǀx'òp-kārā-khóán. 'àbì cì ǀgáān dzì ǀx'òp-xò-'òrò khóán. 'He is breaking grass (straw) with the sound of ideoph.' 'àm̀ khóán ts'óō è ǀx'òp-ǀx'òp 'lit. the sound of its breaking is ideoph-ideoph, i.e. it breaks with the sound of ideoph repeatedly.'
ǀúp	ǀúp		H	[ǀúp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a stopper being pulled out of a ostrich-egg water container . khóè bì ǃhábī m̀ kà ǀúp cà méén. 'The man pulls the plug from the canteen with the sound of ideoph.' ǀgáān sì ǀúp-xò-'òrò ǀhúbí-sì 'The grass (stopper) is pulled out with the sound of ideoph.' ǀgáān sì ǀhúbí-'ò è ǀúp-ǀúp 'The grass stopper is pulled out with the sound of ideoph.' (ǀúp-kā, ǀúp-ts'ī).
ǀxàà	ǀχàà		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of many seeds being tossed into a container. ǀxúrī dzì ǀxàà cà méén. 'Seeds say ideoph (they make the noise).' 'àbì ǀxúrī dzì cì ǀxàà-ts'ī. 'He is tossing seeds with the sound of ideoph.' (ǀxàà-kā, ǀxàà-xò-'òrò, ǀxàà-ǀxàà).
ǀxàrà	ǀχàrà		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a porcupine walking. ǃnóē bì ǀxàrà cà méén. 'A porcupine says ideoph. (it makes the sound)' ǃnóē bì kùà ǀxàrà-ts'ī. 'The porcupine is making the sound of ideoph.' ǀxàrà-kā 'to walk with the sound of ideoph.' ǀxàrà-xò-'òrò ǃnóē mà ǁx'áḿ 'to hit a porcupine with the sound of ideoph.' ǀxàrà-ǀxàrà 'to say ideoph.'
ǀxóp	ǀχóp		H	[ǀχóᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph of accidentally stepping on a thorn or a spider, or of accidentally biting a stone particle mixed in food. khóè bì ǁgám̄ sì ǀxàè (or ǁx'árìm̀ ǀxàè) ǀxóp cà céé 'A man steps on a thorn (or scorpion) by accident.' ǁóón dzì xúḿ-xà sì ǀxáā sì ǀxàè ǀxóp cà céé (or ǀxóp-kā) 'The teeth stop and say ideoph (on a stone) (the teeth make a sound).' ǀxóp-xò-'òrò ǁóón dzì cì ǁnúá sà páá 'Teeth bite a stone particle accidentally.' ǁnúá sì ǃxóó è ǀxóp-ǀxóp 'lit. the stone’s feeling is ideoph-ideoph, i.e. the surface of the stone gives the tactile sensation of ideoph.'
ǀk'úà	ǀʼúà		HL		ideoph	ideoph for a game animal being killed instantly and falling. kx'óō-xò bì ǀk'úà cà méén. 'The animal says ideoph.' kx'óōxò bì ǀk'úà-xò-'òrò ǁ'óó. kx'óō-xò bì ǀk'úà-ǀk'úà-sī ǁ'óó. 'The animal fell and died instantly.' 'àm̀ ǁ'óó-kx'áḿ è ǀk'úà-ǀk'úà 'Its dying manner is abrupt.' ǀk'úà-kā 'to collapse and die immediately, just when it seemed like it was moving.'
ǀ'ù'mē	ǀʔṵ̀mī		LM	[ǀʔṵ̀ᵊmī]	ideoph	ideoph for cleaning something. ǃxáí sì kà 'abiǀ'ù'mī cà méén. 'to wash the cloths clean.'
ǃáà	ǃáà		HL		ideoph	sound of cutting fire woods, etc.
ǃáán	ǃáã́		HH		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of the tendons of the eland’s front legs. dyúù bì kùà ǃáán cà méén. 'lit. the eland is saying ideoph, i.e. its leg is making the sound of ideoph.' dyúù bì kùà ǃáán-kā. 'The eland is walking with the sound of ideoph.'
ǃáǹn	ǃáǹ		HL		ideoph	ideoph of a giraffe’s walking. ǃáǹn-kā 'to walk of a giraffe.'
ǃánè	ǃánì		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the state of extreme tallness, typically giraffes’ height. ǃánèǃánè HL-HL
ǃáón	ǃáṹ		HH		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a piece of steel being hit. 'àbì ǃánò sì kà ǃáón cà méén. 'He says ideoph to the steel (he makes the sound of ideoph with a piece of steel).' 'àbì ǃánò sà ǃáón-ts'ī. 'He makes the sound of ideoph with a piece of steel repeatedly.'
ǃqgàbù	ǃɢàbù		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a long thing falling down. ǃáò m̀ khóè bì ǃqgàbù-xò-'òrò ǀx'áé. 'A tall person falls with the sound of ideoph.' ìī bì ǀx'áé yā ǃqgàbù cà méén. 'A tree falls down and says ideoph.' ǃqgàbù-ǃqgàbù-sī ǀx'áé 'to fall down with the sound of ideoph.' (ǃqgàbù-ts'ī 'to make the sound of ideoph' ; ǃqgàbù-kā 'to move by repeating to make the sound of ideoph').
ǃqgóén	ǃɢúĩ́		HH		ideoph	ideoph for an animal (particularly dog) starting running by noticing something. 'ābā bì ǃqgóén-xò-'òrò ǃárū. 'The dog starts to run on noticing something.' 'ābā bì ǃqgóén cà méén 'lit. the dog says ideoph, i.e. the dog started to run on noticing something.' ǃqgóén-kā. 'to run by noticing something.'
ǃnhóó	ǃhóó		HH		ideoph	ideoph for the calm and silent wind. ǂ'áán sì ǃnhóó cà méén/céé. 'The wind says ideoph.' ǂ'áán sì ǃnhóó-xò-'òrò céé. 'The wind stops silently.'
ǃnhòp	ǃhòp		L	[ǃhòᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of an arrow being stuck at a bird. 'àbì dzérá m̀ kà ǃnhòp cà méén. 'He says ideoph to a bird (he shoots a bird and the arrow sticks at it with the sound of ideoph).'
ǃháà	ǃʰáà		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of hitting something. khóè bì ǃgáēn m̀ kà ǃháà cà méén. 'A man says ideoph to a steenbok (he hits a steenbok with the sound of ideoph).' khóè bì ǃgáēn mà ǃháà-xò-'òrò ǁx'áḿ. 'A man hits a steenbok with the beating sound of ideoph.' ǃháà-ts'ī 'to make the sound of ideoph.' ǃháà-kā 'to move with the sound of ideoph.' (cf. ǃháà-ǃháà is an unrelated word, meaing very cold).
ǃhábù	ǃʰábù		HL		ideoph	ideoph for a shuttlecock starting spining; ideoph for awaking suddenly in a good mood. dzènè sì cì ǃhábù cà méén 'lit. the shuttlecock is saying ideoph, i.e. the shuttlecock starts spinning.' 'àbì ǁ'ōmā-hā yā ǃhábù-xò-'òrò ǂxáí. 'He has slept and suddenly wakes up comfortably.' 'àbì ǃhábù cà méén. 'He says ideoph.' 'àbì ǃhábù-ǃhábù 'He will awake suddenly in a good mood (just like a shuttlecock which will abrupty start to spin).'
ǃhòp	ǃʰòp		L	[ǃʰòᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of whip-cracking. ǃhòp cà méén. 'to say ideoph (to make the sound).'
ǃhúì	ǃʰúì		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the texture of a juicy fruit; ideoph of something juicy being cut and its juice coming out (or the human body being wounded and bleeding). ǁnhá'mì sì khóè m̀ kà ǃhúì cà méén. 'A whip says ideoph to a man (it wounds his body).' ǁnhá'mì sì khóè mà ǃhúì-ts'ī. 'A whip makes the sound in wounding a man.' ǁnhá'mì sì 'àmà ǃhúì-kā. 'A whip moves wounding him around.' khóè bì 'àmà ǃhúì-xò-'òrò ǀqàēn. 'A man whips him in the way his body is wounded and bleeds.' (> ǃhúì-ǃhúì 【food texture verb】).
ǃhúrì	ǃʰúrì		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a thin animal walking. ǃgáēn m̀ ǀ'óán è ǃhúrì cà méén. 'a steenbokʼs bone says ideoph.' ǃgáēn-ǀò bì cì ǃhúrì-kā. 'a small steenbok is walking with the sound of ideoph.' ǃgáēn bì ǃhúrì-ǃhúrì. 'a steenbok makes the sound of ideoph in its natute.'
ǃhúrú	ǃʰúrú		HH		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of shaking an empty tin can with small things inside. 'àbì tòō sì kà ǃhúrú cà méén. 'He says ideoph to a tin can (he makes the sound with a tin can).' 'àbì tòō sà ǃhúrú-ts'ī. 'He makes the sound of ideoph repeatedly by using a tin can.'
ǃóó	ǃóó		HH		ideoph	ideoph of a giraffe’s walking with the sound of footsteps. ǃóó-kā 'to walk (with the sound of footsteps) of a giraffe.'
ǃóp	ǃóp		H	[ǃóᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the texture of small insufficiently parched caterpillar. (> ǃúm̀-ǃúm̀ 【food texture verb】). ǃnòō bì cì ǃóp cà méén. 'A caterpillar says ideoph (the caterpillar has the half-cooked texture, which is felt in the mouth when it is eaten).' 'àbì ǃnòō mà ǃóp-ts'ī. 'He chews a caterpillar feeling its texture and the sound it makes.' 'àbì ǃnòō mà ǃóp-kārā-ǁáē. 'He moves around chewing a caterpillar and feeling its texture in the mouth.'
ǃòp	ǃòp		L	[ǃòᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of water being ladled. 'àbì tsháā sì kà ǃòp cà méén. 'He says ideoph to water (he ladles water with the sound of ideoph)'. ǃòp-ts'ī. 'to make the sound of ideoph repeatedly in ladling water.'
ǃqàè	ǃqàè		LL		ideoph	ideoph for something falling down and breaking into two pieces; to split open. ǀ'óán tsèrà cì ǃqàè cà méén 'The leges splits open.' ǃqàè-kā 'for many things to fall down and break into pieces in a wide range of area.' khúú-ts'ī sì xúḿ sì kà ǃqàè cà méén 'lit. a Kalahari truffle said ideoph to the sand, i.e. the truffle emerged through the sand.' cìàn-gà sì ǃqàè-xò-'òrò ǃqárā-sì. cìàn-gà sì ǃqàè cà méén
ǃqháyà	ǃqʰájà		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of breaking a tree with one’s hands, the sound of a moving thunder storm. ǀnònē bì ǃqháyà-xò-'òrò khóán. 'A Shepherd’s tree breaks with the sound of ideoph.' ǀnònē bì ǃqháyà cà méén. 'A Shepherd’s tree says ideoph.' ǀnònē bì ǃqháyà-ǃqháyà 'The Sheperd’s tree will make the sound of ideoph by its nature.' ǃqháyà-kā-kà-xō 'for a person to break a tree with the noise of ideoph.' ǃqháyà-ts'ī. 'to make the sound of ideoph.'
ǃqhòp	ǃqʰòp		L	[ǃqʰòᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of an old and whitish tsamma mellon being stabbed. khóè bì ǁnà'n̄n sì kà ǃqhòp cà méén. 'A man says ideoph to a tsamma melon (he stabs a tsamma melon and makes the sound of ideoph).' khóè bì ǁnà'n̄n sà ǃqhòp-ts'ī. 'A man makes the sound of ideoph repeatedly in stabbing old whitish tsamma melons.'
ǃqhúì	ǃqʰúì		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound with which an old tsammamelon is stabbed. ǃqhúì-kā 'the manner of men's walking slowly.'
ǃqúà	ǃqúà		HL		ideoph	ideoph for something symmetry opening or splitting (e.g., butterfly). ǀ'óán tsèrà ǃqúà-xò-'òrò ǃk'úà-kū. 'The legs spread out symmetrically.' ǀ'óán tsèrà ǃqúà cà méén. 'The legs say ideoph'. ǃqúà-kā 【v】 'to open something symmetrically repeatedly, to open wings repeatedly (of butterfly).'
ǃqúm̀	ǃqúm̀		HL	[ǃqúᵊm̀]	ideoph	ideoph for the texture of foods like baked potato. (> ǃqúm̀-ǃqúm̀ 【food texture verb】). ǁk'ōrē bì cì ǃqúm̀ cà méén. 'Brachystelma sp. says ideoph (it has the texture of ideoph).' khóè bì ǁk'ōrē mà ǃqúm̀-kā. 'The man walks around eating Brachystelma sp. feeling its texture.' khóè bì ǁk'ōrē mà ǃqúm̀-ǃqōmā-ǂ'óón'. 'The man eats Brachystelma sp. feeling its texture.'
ǃq'àn̄n	ǃqʼàn̄		LM		ideoph	ideoph for tying a belt tightly around the waist.
ǃq'árà	ǃqʼárà		HL		ideoph	ideoph for a lot of foot prints being left. ǃq'árà-ts'ī '(of a game for trap hunting) to leave a lot of footprints.'
ǃq'árì	ǃqʼárì		HL		ideoph	ideoph for walking slowly and elegantly (especially of a woman). ǃq'árì-kā 'to walk elegantly (of a woman).'
ǃq'árù	ǃqʼárù		HL		ideoph	ideoph for something appearing suddenly (e.g. out of a hole or from behind a tree). kx'óōxò bì ǃq'árù cà méén/ǂx'úā. 'An animal goes out abruptly.' kx'óōxò bì ǃq'árù-kā. 'An animal walks out suddenly.' kx'óōxò bì ǃq'árù-xò-'òrò ǂx'úā 'An animal goes out suddenly.'
ǃq'óó	ǃqʼóó		HH		ideoph	ideoph for something long being pulled out abruptly (e.g. ǃ'ūm̄-ǀ'è, Cucumis kalahariensis). ǃq'óó cà méén. 'to say ideoph (to be pulled out abruptly).' ǃgòōn m̀ kà ǃx'áí sì ǃq'óó cà ǂx'úā. ǃq'óó-kā-rā-ǀhúbī. 'to pull out something in walking around repeatedly' ǃq'óó-xò-'òrò ǀhúbī. '(for someone) to pull out abruptly.' ǃgòōn-ǃqxáí bì ǃq'óó-ǃq'óó.
ǃq'úbù	ǃqʼúbù		HL		ideoph	the low-pitched and obscure sound. 'àrì cì ǃq'úbù-ts'ī. 'They speak in a low and obscure voice' ǃq'úbù-ts'ī 'to be loose (of the clothes which seems to make a sound when the person in the clothes is moving).' (cf. ǃq'úbù-ǃq'úbù 'to be soft (of leather).') khóō sì ǃq'úbù-ǃq'úbù. 'Leather is soft.' khóè bì khóō sà ǃq'úbù-ǃq'úbù-kà-xō. 'A man makes leather soft.'
ǃq'ùbū	ǃqʼùbū		LM		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of water in a container (e.g. of an ostrich egg shell). khóè bì ǀgèrō-ǂ'úbī sà ǃq'ùbū-ts'ī. 'to make the sound of ideoph.' ǀgèrō-ǂ'úbī sì ǃq'ùbū cà méén. 'An ostrich egg says ideoph.'
ǃú'rà	ǃṵ́rà		HL	[ǃṵ́ᵊlà]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of rain. ǃú'rà-kā 'for rain to move with a noisy sound.' ǃú'rà-ts'ī 'to make the sound of ideoph (of a heavy rain).'
ǃúrì	ǃúrì		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the manner of a surprised snake.
ǃúrú	ǃúrú		HH		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a small amount of food being pounded in a mortar. 'àbì ìī-kx'ò sì kà ǃúrú cà méén. 'He says ideoph to the mortar (he makes the sound in pounding with the mortar).' ìī-kx'ò sì ǃúrú cà méén. 'The mortar says ideoph.' khóè sì ìī-kx'ò sà ǃúrú-ts'ī. 'A woman makes the sound of ideoph repeatedly by pounding with a mortar.'
ǃúù	ǃúù		HL		ideoph	the dull thud (sound) of an old axe. ǃúù-ts'ī 'to make the sound of ideoph.' ǃúù-kā 'to walk around while making the sound of ideoph. (e.g. axing around in a woodland).' ǀnèn sì bóó sì cì ǃúù cà méén 'this axe makes the sound of ideoph.' 'àbì hā cì ǀ'éē dzì ǃúù-kā. 'He is doing the firewood by repeating the same movement and making the sound of ideoph.' ǃúù cà céé. 'to be stuck and stand vertically by making the sound of ideoph.' (cf. ǃúù-ǃúù 'to be big or thick', non-derivative of the ideophone ǃúù.)
ǃk'árù	ǃʼárù		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the texture of a hard food, e.g. acacia gum, an undercooked tuber of Cucumis kalahariensis. (the texture is associated with the sound of biting or chewing the food.) ǃ'ūm̄-ǀ'è kà kx'ūā sì cì ǃk'árù cà méén. 'A raw Cucumis kalahariensis tuber has a texture which makes the sound of ideoph when it is chewed.' 'àbì 'ēsà ǃk'árù-ts'ī. 'He makes the sound with it.' 'àbì 'ēsà ǃk'árù-kā. 'He moves making the sound with it.' 'àbì 'ēsà ǃk'árù-xò-'òrò xāōn. 'He bites it with the sound.' (> ǃk'árù-ǃk'árù 【food texture verb】).
ǃ'ùrù	ǃʔùrù		LL		ideoph	ideoph for animals starting running together. béē dzì ǃ'ùrù cà méén. 'Horses say ideoph (they start running).' béē dzì kùà ǃ'ùrù-kārā-ǃàrò. 'Horses are starting to run.'
ǃ'óòn	ǃʔúũ̀		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a person bumping into someone. ǃ'óòn cà méén/céé. 'to bump into someone with the sound of ideoph.'
ǂá'm̀	ǂá̰m̀		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the texture of a juicy root with hard surface. ǂ'úbī sì ǂá'm̀ cà méén. 'An egg says ideoph (an egg breaks and its slimy liquid comes out).' khóè bì ǂ'úbī mà ǂá'm̀-ts'ī. 'A man makes a noise in breaking an egg.' khóè bì ǂ'úbī mà ǂá'm̀-kā. 'A man moves to break an egg.' khóè bì ǂ'úbī mà ǂá'm̀-xò-'òrò ǁx'ámā-'ōè/ǁx'ámā-ǃqárā. 'A man hits and crashes an egg with its liquid out/crashes an egg into pieces. (> ǂá'm̀-ǂá'm̀ 【food texture verb】.)'
ǂáp	ǂáp		H		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of thick and sticky food being served in a plate or bowl. khóè bì ǃxárí kà ǂgéè sì kà ǂáp cà méén. 'A man says ideoph to the thick and sticky porridge (he serves the porridge with the sound).' ǂgéè sì xò sà ǂáp-ts'ī. 'to make the sound of ideoph repeatedly in serving a thick and sticky food.'
ǂàp	ǂàp		L		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of sticky thing falling onto the ground. ǃxárí sì ǂàp cà méén. 'Porrige says ideoph.'
ǂqgáà	ǂɢáà		HL		ideoph	ideoph for slow movement. ǂqgáà-ts'ī 'to walk slowly.' ǂqgáà-kā 'to walk slowly.'
ǂqgàà	ǂɢàà		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of snoring. ǂqgààn-ts'ī 'to snore' (= ǂqgàà-ts'ī, ǂqgùrù-ts'ī.)
ǂqgàbì	ǂɢàbì		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a long object falling down. ǃnābē bì ǀx'áé yā ǂqgàbì cà méén. 'A giraffe falls down and says ideoph (it makes the sound).' ǂqgàbì-ts'ī 'to make the sound repeatedly.'
ǂqgàrà	ǂɢàrà		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a heavy rain starting. ǂqgàrà-ts'ī 'to start with a noisy sound (of a heavy rain).'
ǂqgùrù	ǂɢùrù		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a snore. ZZZ. (cf. ǂqgààn).
ǂnhéù	ǂhéù		HL		ideoph	ideoph for throwing something at a weak animal (e.g. steenbok) to kill it. 'àbì ǃgáēn-ǀò m̀ kà ǂnhéù cà méén. 'He says ideoph to a steenbok (he throw something at a steenbok to kill it).'
ǂnhòp	ǂhòp		L	[ǂhòᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of an arrow falling after hitting an animal (but not sticking in it). ǀxóò m̀ ǀxàè kx'áó sì ǂnhòp cà méén. 'An arrow on a gemsbok says ideoph (it falls off from the gemsbok with the sound).' ǂnhòp-ts'ī 'to fall from an animal with the sound repeatedly.'
ǂhíí	ǂʰíí		HH		ideoph	ideoph for an ostrich walking slowly. (attested in the text of a swallow song as a part of a man’s name: ǂhíí-tà xà 'ītsìbì ǁáō-kū. ǂhíí-tà 'and I shoot one another.')
ǂhènē	ǂʰìnī		LM		ideoph	ideoph for a hyena’s running. ǂhènē-kā 'to run of a hyena.'
ǂhóp	ǂʰóp		H	[ǂʰúᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for dirt being cleaned off. 'āān-xò sì ǂhóp cà méén. 'The clothes say ideoph (the clothes becomes clean).'
ǂíp	ǂíp		H		ideoph	ideooh. 'for a hole getting stopped up.' 'àbì kùm̀ sì kà ǂíp cà méén. 'He says ideoph to a hole (he stops a hole up).' ǀóán m̀ ǂéē è ǂíp cà méén. 'The childs ear says ideoph (the child will not listen).'
ǂìp	ǂìp		L		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a heavy object falling onto the sandy ground surface. ǃúḿ sì xò sì ǂìp cà méén. 'A heavy thing says ideoph (it makes the sound on falling onto the sandy ground).'
ǂqàān	ǂqàã̄		LM		ideoph	ideoph for the softness of something when you pushed or stepped on it. 'àbì tsùū sà íyà yā 'ēsì kà ǂqàān cà méén. 'He steps on an excreta and says ideoph to it.' tsùū sì ǂqàān-ǂqàān. 'Dung is soft.' 'àbì tsùū sì wà ǂqàān cà ǂāān. 'He steps onto soft dung.'
ǂqàbà	ǂqàbà		LL		ideoph	ideoph for softness and sliminess (of e.g. excreta or porridge). ǃxárí sì cì ǂqàbà cà méén. 'Porridge is soft and slimy.' ǃxárí sì cì ǂqàbà cà ǃnáà sì wà ǂnóón. 'Porridge, soft and slimy, is in the ball.'
ǂqábù	ǂqábù		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of serving soft food. khóè bì ǃxárí sì kà ǂqábù cà méén. 'A man says ideoph to porridge (he serves porridge with the sound).' khóè bì ǂqábù-kārā-xárò. 'A man serves around.'
ǂqáná	ǂqáná		HH		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a small amount of water. tsháā sì ǂqáná cà méén. ' Water says ideoph (a small amount of water makes the sound).' khóè bì kùà tsháā sà ǂqáná-ts'ī. 'A man makes the sound of ideoph (by shaking the container with a small amount of water).'
ǂqánó	ǂqánú		HH		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of something falling into the water (in a deep hole) with a splash; the sound of a small amount of water. tsháā sì ǂqánó cà méén. 'lit. water said ideoph, i.e. water made a sound of ideoph (when something entered in it).' 'àbì ǃnáà sì wà tsháā sà ǂqánó cà ǂāān. 'He pours water into a container with the sound of ideoph.' 'àbì tsháā sà ǂqánó-xò-'òrò ǂāān. 'He pours water into a container with the sound of ideoph.' tsháā-ǀùà dzì ǂqánó-ǂqánó. 'A small quantity of water makes the sound of ideoph.'
ǂqáp	ǂqáp		H		ideoph	ideoph for stopping while walking slowly; ideoph for becoming flat. ǂqáp cà céé. 'to stop a slow walk' (> ǂqám̀-ǂqám̀ 【food texture verb】). ǂqáp-kā to walk slowly sometimes stoppinng to watch out. ǁk'ōrē sì ǁ'áńn yā ǂxūū yā ǂqáp cà méén. 'Brachystelma sp. is boiled, becomes soft and says ideoph (becomes flat).' 'àbì cì ǂqáp cà ǁóé (méén). 'lit. he is saying (lying) ideoph, i.e. the animal is lying down flat with the horns onto the back so that the horns are invisible to hunters.' 'àbì ǂqáp-kā. 'He lies flat repeatedly.' ǂqáp-xò-'òrò ǁóé. 'to lie flat.' ǂqáp-xò-'òrò ǂxūū. 'to become soft and flat.'
ǂqháán	ǂqʰáã́		HH		ideoph	ting, i.e. a high-pitched sound of cracking of something. ǀgèrō m̀ kà ǂ'úbī sì kà 'àbì ǂqháán cà méén. 'He says ideoph to an ostritch egg. (he makes the sound with the egg shell).' ǂqháán-ts'ī. 'to make the sound of ideoph.' ǂqháán-kā. 'to move making the sound of ideoph.'
ǂqháà	ǂqʰáà		HL		ideoph	ideoph for lying flat on one's stomach. ǂqháà-kā 'to crawl with ones stomach touching the ground repeatedly.'
ǂqhábì	ǂqʰábì		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a razor being sharpened. ǀ'íī-xò sì ǂqhábì cà méén. 'A razor says ideoph.' ǀ'íī-xò sì ǂqhā(ī)-ǂqhábì. 'The razor is so thin that it makes the sound of ideoph.'
ǂqháòn	ǂqʰáũ̀		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of eating a broiled crispy skin. ǂqháòn-ǂqháòn 【food texture verb.】 ǃnābē khóō sì cì ǂqháòn cà méén. 'Giraffe skin says ideoph (the skin crisps when it is bitten).' ǃnābē khóō sà ǂqháòn-ǂqhāwān-xáòn. 'to chew the giraffe skin feeling a crispy texture.'
ǂqháù	ǂqʰáù		HL		ideoph	ideoph for breaking arms and legs of an animal by hitting or throwing something against it. khóè bì kx'óōxò m̀ ǀ'óán kà ǂqháù cà méén. 'A man says ideoph to an animal’s child. (he hits and breaks the animal’s child with the sound.)' 'àbì ìī m̀ kà ǂqháù cà méén. 'He says ideoph to a tree (he breaks the tree with the noise).' ǃgáēn-ǀò m̀ ǀ'óán è ǂqháù-ǂqháù. 'A young steenbok will make the sound of ideoph (implying its bones are weak and easily broken with the sound.).' 'àbì ǂqháù-xò-'òrò qxóōxò mà ǁx'ámā-khóán. 'He hits and breaks an animal’s bone in the way that the bone makes the sound.'
ǂqhòp	ǂqʰòp		L	[ǂqʰòᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of an awl sticking into a soft thing. (synonym: ǃxòp). 'àbì ǃgáà m̀ kà pírí m̀ kà ǂqhòp cà méén. 'He says ideoph to a goat with an awl (he sticks the goat with an awl with the sound).'
ǂqúrú	ǂqúrú		HH		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of dripping. ǂqúrú-ts'ī 'to drip making a sound (of water).'
ǂqòòn	ǂqùũ̀		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound (a thump) of a heavy thing falling down. (synonym: ǃnùrì.) ìī-ǁgò sì ǂhēē yā ǂqòòn cà méén. 'A big log falls and says ideoph.' ìī-ǁgò sì ǂqòòn-xò-'òrò ǂhēē. 'A big log falls with the thump of ideoph.' (NB: reduplication involves irregular tonal alternation. ǂqóòn-ǂqóòn 'to be heavy' ìī-ǁgò sì ǂqóòn-ǂqóòn. 'A big log makes thumps of ideoph.')
ǂx'àòn	ǂqχʼàũ̀		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound a kudu makes by touching trees. ǂx'àòn ǂx'àòn ǂx'àòn cà méén.
ǂq'áà	ǂqʼáà		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the softness and stickiness which one feels when stepping onto something, e.g. feces. 'àbì ǃxárí sì kà ǂq'áà cà méén. 'He says ideoph to porrigde (when he steps onto porridge).' 'àbì ǃxárí sì wà ǂq'áà-xò-'òrò ǂāān. 'He steps onto porridge feeling its stickiness.' ǂq'áà-ts'ī 'to make a noise by stepping a sticky thing repeatedly'. ǂq'áà-kā 'to walk stepping onto a sticky thing and making a noise.' 'àbì ǂq'áà-xò-'òrò ǃxárí sà (or ǂqōō sà) íyà. 'He softly steps onto porridge (or mud).'
ǂq'áǹn	ǂqʼáǹ		HL		ideoph	ideoph for stepping onto something soft and sticky (e.g. feces). cèrè ǁnà'n̄n sì kà ǂq'áǹn cà méén. 'I say ideoph to a tsamma melon (I step onto it).' cèrè ǁnà'n̄n sà ǂq'áǹn-ts'ī. 'I step onto a tsamma melon.' cèrè ǁnà'n̄n sà ǂq'áǹn-kā. 'I move around stepping onto a tsamma melon.' ǁnà'n̄n sà ǂq'áǹn-kārā-ǁáē. 'to walk around chewing a tsamma melon.' (> ǂq'áǹn-ǂq'áǹn 【food texture verb】 'to feel a sticky texture of a food in the mouth.')
ǂq'àn̄n	ǂqʼàn̄		LM		ideoph	ideoph for walking slowly and quietly. ǂq'àn̄n-kā 'to walk slowly being tired.' khóè bì ǂq'àn̄n cà méén yā ǂnóón. 'A man says ideoph and sits (without making sounds and without being noticed).'
ǂúp	ǂúp		H	[ǂúp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a leather strap breakes. 'the sound of dripping' ǂqàī bì ǂgùp cà méén. 'A leather belt says ideoph (it breaks and makes the sound).'
ǂk'ùbī	ǂʼùbī		LM		ideoph	ideoph for fullness. ǃóò sì ǂk'ùbī cà méén. 'A water pit says ideoph (the pit is full of water).' ǃóò sì ǂk'ùbī-xò-'òrò ǀx'óè (ǀx'ōē-hā). 'A water pit is filled with water fully.'
ǂk'úù	ǂʼúù		HL		ideoph	ideoph for making a good landing after jumping. ǂk'úù-kā 'to run and jump repeatedly.' khóè bì ǁnàì yā ǂk'úù cà méén/céé. 'A man jumps and says ideoph.' khóè bì ǂk'úù-xò-'òrò ǂhēē. 'A man lands (onto the ground) in successful manner.'
ǂ'áòn	ǂʔáũ̀		HL		ideoph	ideoph for being silent. 'for moving gingerly.' ǂ'áòn cà méén 'to say ideoph (to stand silently).' ǂ'áòn-kā 'to walk silently.'
ǂ'ébù	ǂʔébù		HL		ideoph	ideoph for plants suddenly withering because it gets cold. ǃqhāī sì cìàn-gà-ǁ'óàn dzì kà ǂ'ébù cà méén. 'The cold says ideoph to vines of melons. (vines of melons suddenly wither).' cìàn-gà dzì ǁ'óàn è ǂ'ébù cà méén. 'Vines of melons say ideoph (vines of melons suddenly wither).' cìàn-gà-ǁ'óàn dzì ǂ'ébù-kā. 'Melon vines withering expands.'
ǂ'óyàn	ǂʔújã̀		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the manner of standing up.
ǂ'ùrù	ǂʔùrù		LL		ideoph	ideoph for digging a hole through abruptly. 'àbì ǂ'ùrù cà há'é sà ǂnóān-xò. 'He digs a hole through (to a springhare nest tunnel).' 'àbì há'é sì kà ǂ'ùrù cà méén. 'He says ideoph to a hole. (He digs a hole though to the springhare nest.).'
ǁáán	ǁáã́		HH		ideoph	ideoph for having gone away. khóè bì ǁáán cà méén 'lit. the man says ideoph, i.e. the man has completely gone.' khóè bì ǁáán-xò-'òrò ǃóòn. 'The man has gone away completely.'
ǁáú	ǁáú		HH		ideoph	ideoph for being straight. forthright. ǁáú cà méén. 'say straight, i.e. say correctly.' ǁáú chēnā ǃóòn 'walk straight.' ǁáú cà 'īī 'look straight, i.e. be straight.' ǁáú cà héén 'do straight, i.e. do correctly.'
ǁá'ón	ǁá̰ṹ		HH		ideoph	ideoph for hartebeest’s running. ǁán'ún-kā 'to run of a hartebeest.'
ǁqgàbà	ǁɢàbà		LL		ideoph	ideoph of an aardvarkʼs walk 【shuffle?】, or of rain falling with a similar sound. ǁqgàbà-kā 'to walk (of or like an aadvark).' cúú bì cì ǁqgàbà-ts'ī 'The rain is falling with the sound of ideoph.' ǁqgàbā-ǁqgàbà-sī ǂúū. 'to rain with the sound of ideoph.' ǁqgàbà cà méén. 'to say ideoph (to make a sound like an aardvark walking)'
ǁqáán	ǁqáã́		HH		ideoph	ideoph for the manner of keeping quiet and still like a weevil playing dead, for the stillness of a place. ǃnáē-ǁàmà sì ǁqáán cà méén. 'A beetle playing dead says ideoph.' khóè bì ǁqáán cà méén. 'The man says ideoph. (he stops talking and drops off to sleep.)' ǁqáán-xò-'òrò ǁ'úm̀ 'to stop talking and drop off to sleep.'
ǁqáòn	ǁqáũ̀		HL		ideoph	ideoph of the slow and careful manner an animal climbs up or down a smooth-barked tree, using its claws. ǁqáòn-kā, ǁqáòn-kārā-ǃ'ábò/-íyà 'to climb up carefully (using claws).' ǃ'óè bì ǁqáòn cà céé 'A leopard climbs down (with its claws) and lands softly.' ǃ'óè bì ǁqáòn-xò-'òrò ǂhēē 'A leopard (lets itself down and) lands softly'. ǁqáòn-ǁqáòn 'to feel a thorny texture with the hands.'
ǁx'ùrù	ǁqχʼùrù		LL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a rat or mouse moving inside something. ǂnóné bì ǃnáà sì wà ǁx'ùrù cà méén. 'A rat says ideoph (it makes the sound of ideoph).' ǂnóné bì cì ǃnáà dzì wà ǂāān yā cì ǁx'ùrù-ts'ī. 'A rat enters a container and make the sound of ideoph.'
ǁq'áǹn	ǁqʼáǹ		HL		ideoph	ideoph of the strong and firm penetration of an arrow or spear. kx'áó bì ǁq'áǹn cà céé. 'The arrow penetrated strongly and firmly, standing upright.'
ǁq'át	ǁqʼát		H		ideoph	ideoph of the manner of a snake jumping out. ǀx'áō bì ǁq'át cà méén. 'A snake says ideoph (it jumps out suddenly).' ǀx'áō bì cì ǁq'át-kā. 'A snake jumps out suddenly.' ǀx'áō bì cì ǁq'át-xò-'òrò ǂx'úā. 'A snake jumps out suddenly.'
ǁq'óó	ǁqʼóó		HH		ideoph	ideoph of the manner of the inner wood of acacia root being pulled out. (Rare). ǃgòōn m̀ ǃx'áí è ǁq'óó cà méén/ǃgòōn m̀ ǃx'áí è ǁq'óó cà ǂx'úā. 'The acacia root says/comes out abruptly.' ǃgòōn m̀ ǃx'áí è ǁq'óó-xò-'òrò ǂx'úā. 'The acacia root says/comes out abruptly.'
ǁq'òp	ǁqʼòp		L	[ǁqʼòᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of biting at meat. 'àbì ǀxáā sì kà ǁq'òp cà méén. 'He says ideoph to meat (he bites at meat making the sound of ideoph.)' 'àbì hā cì ǀxáā sà ǁq'òp-ts'ī. 'He bites at meat making the sound repeatedly.'
ǁú'ró	ǁṵ́ró		HH	[ǁṵ́ᵊló]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a falling quiver which has arrows inside of it. ǁú'ró cà méén. 'to say ideoph, i.e. to make the sound of a falling quiver containing arrows.' ǁú'ró cà ǁóē-xò. 'to lay with the sound of ideoph.' ǃōmā sì cì ǁú'ró-ts'ī. 'A quiver falls down making a sound.'
ǁxáù	ǁχáù		HL		ideoph	ideoph for the sound of touching a dried-up tree or entering a dry thicket (such as ǀgáà Silver terminalia, Terminalia sericea Burch. Ex DC.). kx'óōxò bì ǁxáù cà ǂāān. 'lit. the animal entered like ideoph, i.e. it entered with the sound of ideoph.' 'àbì kùà ǁxáù-ts'ī. 'He is making the sound of ideoph.' 'àbì kùà ǁxáù-kā. 'He is moving with the sound of ideoph.'
ǁxòp	ǁχòp		L	[ǁχòᵊp]	ideoph	ideoph for the sound of a spear sticking into the body of a game animal. 'àbì kx'áò-ìī m̀ kà kx'óō-xò m̀ kà ǁxòp cà méén 'lit. he says ideoph to an animal with a spear, i.e. he stabbed an animal with a spear, which stuck into the animal.' ǁxòp-ts'ī 'to make the stabbing sound of ideoph with a spear.'
ǁxùrā	ǁχùrā		LM		ideoph	ideoph for breaking into a run with surprise.
ǁk'àā	ǁʼàā		LM		ideoph	ideoph for having gone away and never returning. ǁk'àā-kā 'to go away.' ǁk'àā cà méén. 'to have gone away.' (synonym: ǁáán.)
ǀqgúrì	ǀɢúrì		HL		ideoph	ideoph for dodging something. 'àm̀ kà ǀqgúrì cà méén. 'lit. to say to him ideoph, i.e. to dodɡe him quickly.'
ǃùī	ǃùī		LM		ideoph	ideoph for a loud fart sound.
cèrè	cìrè		LL		personal pronoun	1SG.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
cā	cā		M		personal pronoun	1SG.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
cā	cī / cā		M		personal pronoun	1SG.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
dà	dà		L		personal pronoun	1SG.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsī	tsī		M		personal pronoun	2M.SG.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsā	tsā		M		personal pronoun	2M.SG.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsā	tsā		M		personal pronoun	2M.SG.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsì	tsì		L		personal pronoun	2M.SG.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
sī	sī		M		personal pronoun	2F.SG.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
sā	sā		M		personal pronoun	2F.SG.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
sā	sā		M		personal pronoun	2F.SG.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
sì	sì		L		personal pronoun	2F.SG.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'àbì	ʔà=bı̀		LL		personal pronoun	3M.SG.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'àmà	ʔà=mà		LL		personal pronoun	3M.SG.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'àm̀	ʔà=m̀		LL		personal pronoun	3M.SG.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
'àmà	ʔà=mà		LL		personal pronoun	3M.SG.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēsì	ʔē=sı̀		ML		personal pronoun	3F.SG.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēsà	ʔē=sà		ML		personal pronoun	3F.SG.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēsì	ʔē=sì		ML		personal pronoun	3F.SG.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēsà	ʔē=sà		ML		personal pronoun	3F.SG.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ē	ʔē		M		personal pronoun	3C.SG.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ē	ʔē		M		personal pronoun	3C.SG.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ē	ʔē		M		personal pronoun	3C.SG.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ē	ʔē		M		personal pronoun	3C.SG.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ītsìbì	ʔī=tsìbì		MLL		personal pronoun	1M.DU.EXCL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ītsèmà	ʔī=tsèmà				personal pronoun	1M.DU.EXCL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ītsàm̀	ʔī=tsàm̀		MLL		personal pronoun	1M.DU.EXCL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ītsèmà	ʔī=tsèmà		MLL		personal pronoun	1M.DU.EXCL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īsìbì	ʔī=sìbì		MLL		personal pronoun	1F.DU.EXCL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īsèmà	ʔī=sèmà		MLL		personal pronoun	1F.DU.EXCL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īsàm̀	ʔī=sàm̀		MLL		personal pronoun	1F.DU.EXCL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īsèmà	ʔī=sèmà		MLL		personal pronoun	1F.DU.EXCL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īkhìbì	ʔī=kʰìbì		MLL		personal pronoun	1C.DU.EXCL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īkhèmà	ʔī=kʰèmà		MLL		personal pronoun	1C.DU.EXCL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īkhàm̀	ʔī=kʰàm̀		MLL		personal pronoun	1C.DU.EXCL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īkhèmà	ʔī=kʰèmà		MLL		personal pronoun	1C.DU.EXCL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ātsìbì	ʔā=tsìbì		MLL		personal pronoun	1M.DU.INCL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ātsèmà	ʔā=tsèmà		MLL		personal pronoun	1M.DU.INCL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ātsàm̀	ʔā=tsàm̀		MLL		personal pronoun	1M.DU.INCL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsàm̀	tsàm̀		LL		personal pronoun	1M.DU.INCL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'āsìbì	ʔā=sìbì		MLL		personal pronoun	1F.DU.INCL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'āsèmà	ʔā=sèmà		MLL		personal pronoun	1F.DU.INCL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'āsàm̀	ʔā=sàm̀		MLL		personal pronoun	1F.DU.INCL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
sàm̀	sàm̀		LL		personal pronoun	1F.DU.INCL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ākhìbì	ʔā=kʰìbì		MLL		personal pronoun	1C.DU.INCL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ākhèmà	ʔā=kʰèmà		MLL		personal pronoun	1C.DU.INCL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ākhàm̀	ʔā=kʰàm̀		MLL		personal pronoun	1C.DU.INCL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
khàm̀	kʰàm̀		LL		personal pronoun	1C.DU.INCL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ītsàò	ʔī=tsàò		MLL		personal pronoun	2M.DU.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ītsàò	ʔī=tsàò		MLL		personal pronoun	2M.DU.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ītsàò	ʔī=tsàò		MLL		personal pronoun	2M.DU.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsàò	tsàò		LL		personal pronoun	2M.DU.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īsàò	ʔī=sàò		MLL		personal pronoun	2F.DU.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īsàò	ʔī=sàò		MLL		personal pronoun	2F.DU.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īsàò	ʔī=sàò		MLL		personal pronoun	2F.DU.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
sàò	sàò		LL		personal pronoun	2F.DU.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īkhàò	ʔī=kʰàò		MLL		personal pronoun	2C.DU.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īkhàò	ʔī=kʰàò		MLL		personal pronoun	2C.DU.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īkhàò	ʔī=kʰàò		MLL		personal pronoun	2C.DU.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
khàò	kʰàò		LL		personal pronoun	2C.DU.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ētsèrà	ʔē=tsèrà		MLL		personal pronoun	3M.DU.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ētsèrà	ʔē=tsèrà		MLL		personal pronoun	3M.DU.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ētsèrà	ʔē=tsèrà		MLL		personal pronoun	3M.DU.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ētsèrà	ʔē=tsèrà		MLL		personal pronoun	3M.DU.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēsèrà	ʔē=sèrà		MLL		personal pronoun	3F.DU.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēsèrà	ʔē=sèrà		MLL		personal pronoun	3F.DU.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēsèrà	ʔē=sèrà		MLL		personal pronoun	3F.DU.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēsèrà	ʔē=sèrà		MLL		personal pronoun	3F.DU.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēkhùrà	ʔē=kʰùrà		MLL		personal pronoun	3C.DU.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēkhùrà	ʔē=kʰùrà		MLL		personal pronoun	3C.DU.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēkhùrà	ʔē=kʰùrà		MLL		personal pronoun	3C.DU.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēkhùrà	ʔē=kʰùrà		MLL		personal pronoun	3C.DU.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īǁàè	ʔī=ǁàè		MLL		personal pronoun	1M.PL.EXCL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īǁàè	ʔī=ǁàè		MLL		personal pronoun	1M.PL.EXCL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īǁàè	ʔī=ǁàè		MLL		personal pronoun	1M.PL.EXCL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īǁàè	ʔī=ǁàè		MLL		personal pronoun	1M.PL.EXCL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īsèè	ʔī=sèè		MLL		personal pronoun	1F.PL.EXCL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īsèè	ʔī=sèè		MLL		personal pronoun	1F.PL.EXCL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īsèè	ʔī=sèè		MLL		personal pronoun	1F.PL.EXCL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īsèè	ʔī=sèè		MLL		personal pronoun	1F.PL.EXCL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ītsèè	ʔī=tsèè		MLL		personal pronoun	1C.PL.EXCL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ītsèè	ʔī=tsèè		MLL		personal pronoun	1C.PL.EXCL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ītsèè	ʔī=tsèè		MLL		personal pronoun	1C.PL.EXCL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ītsèè	ʔī=tsèè		MLL		personal pronoun	1C.PL.EXCL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'āǁàà	ʔā=ǁàà		MLL		personal pronoun	1M.PL.INCL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'āǁàà	ʔā=ǁàà		MLL		personal pronoun	1M.PL.INCL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'āǁàà	ʔā=ǁàà		MLL		personal pronoun	1M.PL.INCL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁàà	ǁàà		LL		personal pronoun	1M.PL.INCL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'āsèè	ʔā=sèè		MLL		personal pronoun	1F.PL.INCL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'āsèè	ʔā=sèè		MLL		personal pronoun	1F.PL.INCL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'āsèè	ʔā=sèè		MLL		personal pronoun	1F.PL.INCL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
sèè	sèè		LL		personal pronoun	1F.PL.INCL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ācìà	ʔā=cìà		MLL		personal pronoun	1C.PL.INCL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ācìà	ʔā=cìà		MLL		personal pronoun	1C.PL.INCL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ācìà	ʔā=cìà		MLL		personal pronoun	1C.PL.INCL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
cìà	cìà		LL		personal pronoun	1C.PL.INCL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īǁàò	ʔī=ǁàò		MLL		personal pronoun	2M.PL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īǁàò	ʔī=ǁàò		MLL		personal pronoun	2M.PL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īǁàò	ʔī=ǁàò		MLL		personal pronoun	2M.PL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁàò	ǁàò		LL		personal pronoun	2M.PL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īdzàò	ʔī=dzàò		MLL		personal pronoun	2F.PL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īdzàò	ʔī=dzàò		MLL		personal pronoun	2F.PL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īdzàò	ʔī=dzàò		MLL		personal pronoun	2F.PL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
dzàò	dzàò		LL		personal pronoun	2F.PL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īcòò	ʔī=còò		MLL		personal pronoun	2C.PL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īcòò	ʔī=còò		MLL		personal pronoun	2C.PL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'īcòò	ʔī=còò		MLL		personal pronoun	2C.PL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
còò	còò		LL		personal pronoun	2C.PL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēǁù	ʔē=ǁù		ML		personal pronoun	3M.PL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēǁùà	ʔē=ǁùà		MLL		personal pronoun	3M.PL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēǁù	ʔē=ǁù		ML		personal pronoun	3M.PL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēǁùà	ʔē=ǁùà		MLL		personal pronoun	3M.PL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēdzì	ʔē=dzì		ML		personal pronoun	3F.PL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēdzì	ʔē=dzì		ML		personal pronoun	3F.PL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēdzì	ʔē=dzì		ML		personal pronoun	3F.PL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ēdzì	ʔē=dzì		ML		personal pronoun	3F.PL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
'àrì	ʔà=rì		LL		personal pronoun	3C.PL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ànà	ʔà=nà		LL		personal pronoun	3C.PL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
'àǹn	ʔà=ǹ		LL		personal pronoun	3C.PL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
'ànà	ʔà=nà		LL		personal pronoun	3C.PL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
dà	dà		L		pgn marker	1SG.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
dà	dà		L		pgn marker	1SG.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
dà	dà		L		pgn marker	1SG.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
dà	dà		L		pgn marker	1SG.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsì	tsì		L		pgn marker	2M.SG.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsì	tsì		L		pgn marker	2M.SG.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsì	tsì		L		pgn marker	2M.SG.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsì	tsì		L		pgn marker	2M.SG.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
sì	sì		L		pgn marker	2F.SG.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
sì	sì		L		pgn marker	2F.SG.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
sì	sì		L		pgn marker	2F.SG.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
sì	sì		L		pgn marker	2F.SG.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
bì	bì		L		pgn marker	3M.SG.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
mà	mà		L		pgn marker	3M.SG.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
m̀	m̀		L		pgn marker	3M.SG.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
mà	mà		L		pgn marker	3M.SG.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
sì	sì		L		pgn marker	3F.SG.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
sà	sà		L		pgn marker	3F.SG.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
sì	sì		L		pgn marker	3F.SG.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
sà	sà		L		pgn marker	3F.SG.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsìbì	tsìbì		LL		pgn marker	1M.DU.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsèmà	tsèmà				pgn marker	1M.DU.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsàm̀	tsàm̀		LL		pgn marker	1M.DU.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsèmà	tsèmà		LL		pgn marker	1M.DU.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
sìbì	sìbì		LL		pgn marker	1F.DU.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
sèmà	sèmà		LL		pgn marker	1F.DU.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
sàm̀	sàm̀		LL		pgn marker	1F.DU.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
sèmà	sèmà		LL		pgn marker	1F.DU.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
khìbì	kʰìbì		LL		pgn marker	1C.DU.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
khèmà	kʰèmà		LL		pgn marker	1C.DU.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
khàm̀	kʰàm̀		LL		pgn marker	1C.DU.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
khèmà	kʰèmà		LL		pgn marker	1C.DU.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsàò	tsàò		LL		pgn marker	2M.DU.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsàò	tsàò		LL		pgn marker	2M.DU.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsàò	tsàò		LL		pgn marker	2M.DU.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsàò	tsàò		LL		pgn marker	2M.DU.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
sàò	sàò		LL		pgn marker	2F.DU.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
sàò	sàò		LL		pgn marker	2F.DU.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
sàò	sàò		LL		pgn marker	2F.DU.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
sàò	sàò		LL		pgn marker	2F.DU.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
khàò	kʰàò		LL		pgn marker	2C.DU.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
khàò	kʰàò		LL		pgn marker	2C.DU.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
khàò	kʰàò		LL		pgn marker	2C.DU.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
khàò	kʰàò		LL		pgn marker	2C.DU.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsèrà	tsèrà		LL		pgn marker	3M.DU.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsèrà	tsèrà		LL		pgn marker	3M.DU.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsèrà	tsèrà		LL		pgn marker	3M.DU.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsèrà	tsèrà		LL		pgn marker	3M.DU.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
sèrà	sèrà		LL		pgn marker	3F.DU.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
sèrà	sèrà		LL		pgn marker	3F.DU.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
sèrà	sèrà		LL		pgn marker	3F.DU.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
sèrà	sèrà		LL		pgn marker	3F.DU.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
khùrà	kʰùrà		LL		pgn marker	3C.DU.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
khùrà	kʰùrà		LL		pgn marker	3C.DU.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
khùrà	kʰùrà		LL		pgn marker	3C.DU.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
khùrà	kʰùrà		LL		pgn marker	3C.DU.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁàè	ǁàè		LL		pgn marker	1M.PL.EXCL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁàè	ǁàè		LL		pgn marker	1M.PL.EXCL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁàè	ǁàè		LL		pgn marker	1M.PL.EXCL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁàè	ǁàè		LL		pgn marker	1M.PL.EXCL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁàà	ǁàà				pgn marker	1M.PL.INCL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁàà	ǁàà				pgn marker	1M.PL.INCL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁàà	ǁàà				pgn marker	1M.PL.INCL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁàà	ǁàà				pgn marker	1M.PL.INCL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
sèè	sèè		LL		pgn marker	1F.PL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
sèè	sèè		LL		pgn marker	1F.PL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
sèè	sèè		LL		pgn marker	1F.PL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
sèè	sèè		LL		pgn marker	1F.PL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsèè	tsèè		LL		pgn marker	1C.PL.EXCL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsèè	tsèè		LL		pgn marker	1C.PL.EXCL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsèè	tsèè		LL		pgn marker	1C.PL.EXCL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
tsèè	tsèè		LL		pgn marker	1C.PL.EXCL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
cìà	cìà		LL		pgn marker	1C.PL.INCL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
cìà	cìà		LL		pgn marker	1C.PL.INCL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
cìà	cìà		LL		pgn marker	1C.PL.INCL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
cìà	cìà		LL		pgn marker	1C.PL.INCL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁàò	ǁàò		LL		pgn marker	2M.PL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁàò	ǁàò		LL		pgn marker	2M.PL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁàò	ǁàò		LL		pgn marker	2M.PL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁàò	ǁàò		LL		pgn marker	2M.PL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
dzàò	dzàò		LL		pgn marker	2F.PL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
dzàò	dzàò		LL		pgn marker	2F.PL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
dzàò	dzàò		LL		pgn marker	2F.PL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
dzàò	dzàò		LL		pgn marker	2F.PL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
còò	còò		LL		pgn marker	2C.PL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
còò	còò		LL		pgn marker	2C.PL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
còò	còò		LL		pgn marker	2C.PL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
còò	còò		LL		pgn marker	2C.PL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁù	ǁù		L		pgn marker	3M.PL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁùà	ǁùà		LL		pgn marker	3M.PL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁù	ǁù		L		pgn marker	3M.PL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǁùà	ǁùà		LL		pgn marker	3M.PL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
dzì	dzì		L		pgn marker	3F.PL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
dzì	dzì		L		pgn marker	3F.PL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
dzì	dzì		L		pgn marker	3F.PL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
dzì	dzì		L		pgn marker	3F.PL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
rì	rì		L		pgn marker	3C.PL.NOM (ǀGui). See appendix.
nà	nà		L		pgn marker	3C.PL.ACC (ǀGui). See appendix.
ǹn	ǹ				pgn marker	3C.PL.GEN (ǀGui). See appendix.
nà	nà		L		pgn marker	3C.PL.IRR (ǀGui). See appendix.
cē	cē		M		personal pronoun	1SG.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
cā-'à	cā-'à		ML		personal pronoun	1SG.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
cī	cī		M		personal pronoun	1SG.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
dà	dà		L		personal pronoun	1SG.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
tsē	tsē		M		personal pronoun	2SG.M.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
tsā-'à	tsā-'à		ML		personal pronoun	2SG.M.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
tsā	tsā		M		personal pronoun	2SG.M.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
tsì	tsì		L		personal pronoun	2SG.M.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
sē	sē		M		personal pronoun	2SG.F.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
sā-'à	sā-'à		ML		personal pronoun	2SG.F.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
sā	sā		M		personal pronoun	2SG.F.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
sì	sì		L		personal pronoun	2SG.F.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'àbè	'àbè		LL		personal pronoun	3SG.M.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'àbà-'a	'àbà-'a		LL		personal pronoun	3SG.M.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'àm̀	'àm̀		LL		personal pronoun	3SG.M.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'àm̀	'àm̀		LL		personal pronoun	3SG.M.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èsè	'èsè		LL		personal pronoun	3SG.F.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èsà-'à	'èsà-'à		LLL		personal pronoun	3SG.F.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èsì	'èsì		LL		personal pronoun	3SG.F.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èsì	'èsì		LL		personal pronoun	3SG.F.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'è	'è		L		personal pronoun	3SG.C.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'è	'è		L		personal pronoun	3SG.C.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'è	'è		L		personal pronoun	3SG.C.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'è	'è		L		personal pronoun	3SG.C.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'è è	'è è		LL		personal pronoun	gender unknown (ǁGana). See appendix.
'è	'è		L		personal pronoun	gender unknown (ǁGana). See appendix.
'è	'è		L		personal pronoun	gender unknown (ǁGana). See appendix.
'è	'è		L		personal pronoun	gender unknown (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītsàbè	'ītsàbè		MLL		personal pronoun	1DU.M.EXCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītsàbà-'à	'ītsàbà-'à		MLLL		personal pronoun	1DU.M.EXCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītsàm̀	'ītsàm̀		MLL		personal pronoun	1DU.M.EXCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītsàm̀	'ītsàm̀		MLL		personal pronoun	1DU.M.EXCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsàbè	'īsàbè		MLL		personal pronoun	1DU.F.EXCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsàbà-'à	'īsàbà-'à		MLLL		personal pronoun	1DU.F.EXCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsàm̀	'īsàm̀		MLL		personal pronoun	1DU.F.EXCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsàm̀	'īsàm̀		MLL		personal pronoun	1DU.F.EXCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īkhàbè	'īkʰàbè		MLL		personal pronoun	1DU.C.EXCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īkhàbà-'à	'īkʰàbà-'à		MLLL		personal pronoun	1DU.C.EXCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īkhàm̀	'īkʰàm̀		MLL		personal pronoun	1DU.C.EXCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īkhàm̀	'īkʰàm̀		MLL		personal pronoun	1DU.C.EXCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ātsàbè	'ātsàbè		MLL		personal pronoun	1DU.M.INCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ātsàbà-'à	'ātsàbà-'à		MLLL		personal pronoun	1DU.M.INCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ātsàm̀	'ātsàm̀		MLL		personal pronoun	1DU.M.INCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
tsàm̀	tsàm̀		LL		personal pronoun	1DU.M.INCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āsàbè	'āsàbè		MLL		personal pronoun	1DU.F.INCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āsàbà-'à	'āsàbà-'à		MLLL		personal pronoun	1DU.F.INCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āsàm̀	'āsàm̀		MLL		personal pronoun	1DU.F.INCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
sàm̀	sàm̀		LL		personal pronoun	1DU.F.INCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ākhàbè	'ākʰàbè		MLL		personal pronoun	1DU.C.INCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ākhàbà-'à	'ākʰàbà-'à		MLLL		personal pronoun	1DU.C.INCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ākhàm̀	'ākʰàm̀		MLL		personal pronoun	1DU.C.INCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
khàm̀	kʰàm̀		LL		personal pronoun	1DU.C.INCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītsòò	'ītsòò		MLL		personal pronoun	2DU.M.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītsòò-'ò	'ītsòò-'ò		MLLL		personal pronoun	2DU.M.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītsòò	'ītsòò		MLL		personal pronoun	2DU.M.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
tsòò	tsòò		LL		personal pronoun	2DU.M.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsòò	'īsòò		MLL		personal pronoun	2DU.F.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsòò-'ò	'īsòò-'ò		MLLL		personal pronoun	2DU.F.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsòò	'īsòò		MLL		personal pronoun	2DU.F.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
sòò	sòò		LL		personal pronoun	2DU.F.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ūkhòò	'ūkʰòò		MLL		personal pronoun	2DU.C.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ūkhòò-'ò	'ūkʰòò-'ò		MLLL		personal pronoun	2DU.C.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ūkhòò	'ūkʰòò		MLL		personal pronoun	2DU.C.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
khòò	kʰòò		LL		personal pronoun	2DU.C.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ètsèrè	'ètsèrè		LLL		personal pronoun	3DU.M.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ètsèrà-'à	'ètsèrà-'à		LLLL		personal pronoun	3DU.M.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ètsèrà	'ètsèrà		LLL		personal pronoun	3DU.M.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ètsèrà	'ètsèrà		LLL		personal pronoun	3DU.M.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èsèrè	'èsèrè		LLL		personal pronoun	3DU.F.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èsèrà-'à	'èsèrà-'à		LLLL		personal pronoun	3DU.F.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èsèrà	'èsèrà		LLL		personal pronoun	3DU.F.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èsèrà	'èsèrà		LLL		personal pronoun	3DU.F.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èkhòrè	'èkʰòrè		LLL		personal pronoun	3DU.C.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èkhùrà-'à	'èkʰùrà-'à		LLLL		personal pronoun	3DU.C.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èkhùrà	'èkʰùrà		LLL		personal pronoun	3DU.C.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èkhùrà	'èkʰùrà		LLL		personal pronoun	3DU.C.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īǁàè	'īǁàè		MLL		personal pronoun	1PL.M.EXCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īǁàà-'à	'īǁàà-'à		MLLL		personal pronoun	1PL.M.EXCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īǁàà	'īǁàà		MLL		personal pronoun	1PL.M.EXCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īǁàà	'īǁàà		MLL		personal pronoun	1PL.M.EXCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsèè	'īsèè		MLL		personal pronoun	1PL.F.EXCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsà-'à	'īsà-'à		MLL		personal pronoun	1PL.F.EXCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsàà	'īsàà		MLL		personal pronoun	1PL.F.EXCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsàà	'īsàà		MLL		personal pronoun	1PL.F.EXCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītèè	'ītèè		MLL		personal pronoun	1PL.C.EXCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītà-'à	'ītà-'à		MLL		personal pronoun	1PL.C.EXCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītàà	'ītàà		MLL		personal pronoun	1PL.C.EXCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītàà	'ītàà		MLL		personal pronoun	1PL.C.EXCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āǁàè	'āǁàè		MLL		personal pronoun	1PL.M.INCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āǁàà-'à	'āǁàà-'à		MLLL		personal pronoun	1PL.M.INCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āǁàà	'āǁàà		MLL		personal pronoun	1PL.M.INCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
ǁàà	ǁàà		LL		personal pronoun	1PL.M.INCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āsèè	'āsèè		MLL		personal pronoun	1PL.F.INCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āsàà-'à	'āsàà-'à		MLLL		personal pronoun	1PL.F.INCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āsàà	'āsàà		MLL		personal pronoun	1PL.F.INCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
sàà	sàà		LL		personal pronoun	1PL.F.INCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ātèè	'ātèè		MLL		personal pronoun	1PL.C.INCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ātàà-'à	'ātàà-'à		MLLL		personal pronoun	1PL.C.INCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ātàà	'ātàà		MLL		personal pronoun	1PL.C.INCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
tàà	tàà		LL		personal pronoun	1PL.C.INCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īǁòò	'īǁòò		MLL		personal pronoun	2PL.M.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īǁòò-'ò	'īǁòò-'ò		MLLL		personal pronoun	2PL.M.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īǁòò	'īǁòò		MLL		personal pronoun	2PL.M.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
ǁòò	ǁòò		LL		personal pronoun	2PL.M.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īdzòò	'īdzòò		MLL		personal pronoun	2PL.F.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īdzòò-'ò	'īdzòò-'ò		MLLL		personal pronoun	2PL.F.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īdzòò	'īdzòò		MLL		personal pronoun	2PL.F.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
dzòò	dzòò		LL		personal pronoun	2PL.F.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īcòò	'īcòò		MLL		personal pronoun	2PL.C.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īcòò-'ò	'īcòò-'ò		MLLL		personal pronoun	2PL.C.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īcòò	'īcòò		MLL		personal pronoun	2PL.C.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
còò	còò		LL		personal pronoun	2PL.C.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èǁòò	'èǁòò		LLL		personal pronoun	3PL.M.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èǁùà-'à	'èǁùà-'à		LLLL		personal pronoun	3PL.M.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èǁòò	'èǁòò		LLL		personal pronoun	3PL.M.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èǁòò	'èǁòò		LLL		personal pronoun	3PL.M.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èdzè	'èdzè		LL		personal pronoun	3PL.F.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ēdzà-'à	'ēdzà-'à		MLL		personal pronoun	3PL.F.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èdzì	'èdzì		LL		personal pronoun	3PL.F.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èdzì	'èdzì		LL		personal pronoun	3PL.F.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'àrè	'àrè		LL		personal pronoun	3PL.C.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'àrà-'à	'àrà-'à		LLL		personal pronoun	3PL.C.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'àǹn	'àǹ		L		personal pronoun	3PL.C.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'àǹn	'àǹ		LL		personal pronoun	3PL.C.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
cē	cē		M		pgn marker	1SG.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
cā-'à	cā-'à		ML		pgn marker	1SG.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
cī	cī		M		pgn marker	1SG.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
dà	dà		L		pgn marker	1SG.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
tsē	tsē		M		pgn marker	2SG.M.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
tsā-'à	tsā-'à		ML		pgn marker	2SG.M.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
tsā	tsā		M		pgn marker	2SG.M.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
tsì	tsì		L		pgn marker	2SG.M.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
sē	sē		M		pgn marker	2SG.F.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
sā-'à	sā-'à		ML		pgn marker	2SG.F.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
sā	sā		M		pgn marker	2SG.F.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
sì	sì		L		pgn marker	2SG.F.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'àbè	'àbè		LL		pgn marker	3SG.M.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'àbà-'a	'àbà-'a		LL		pgn marker	3SG.M.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'àm̀	'àm̀		LL		pgn marker	3SG.M.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'àm̀	'àm̀		LL		pgn marker	3SG.M.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èsè	'èsè		LL		pgn marker	3SG.F.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èsà-'à	'èsà-'à		LLL		pgn marker	3SG.F.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èsì	'èsì		LL		pgn marker	3SG.F.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èsì	'èsì		LL		pgn marker	3SG.F.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'è	'è		L		pgn marker	3SG.C.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'è	'è		L		pgn marker	3SG.C.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'è	'è		L		pgn marker	3SG.C.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'è	'è		L		pgn marker	3SG.C.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'è è	'è è		LL		pgn marker	3SG.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'è	'è		L		pgn marker	3SG.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'è	'è		L		pgn marker	3SG.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'è	'è		L		pgn marker	3SG.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītsàbè	'ītsàbè		MLL		pgn marker	1DU.M.EXCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītsàbà-'à	'ītsàbà-'à		MLLL		pgn marker	1DU.M.EXCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītsàm̀	'ītsàm̀		MLL		pgn marker	1DU.M.EXCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītsàm̀	'ītsàm̀		MLL		pgn marker	1DU.M.EXCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsàbè	'īsàbè		MLL		pgn marker	1DU.F.EXCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsàbà-'à	'īsàbà-'à		MLLL		pgn marker	1DU.F.EXCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsàm̀	'īsàm̀		MLL		pgn marker	1DU.F.EXCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsàm̀	'īsàm̀		MLL		pgn marker	1DU.F.EXCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īkhàbè	'īkʰàbè		MLL		pgn marker	1DU.C.EXCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īkhàbà-'à	'īkʰàbà-'à		MLLL		pgn marker	1DU.C.EXCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īkhàm̀	'īkʰàm̀		MLL		pgn marker	1DU.C.EXCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īkhàm̀	'īkʰàm̀		MLL		pgn marker	1DU.C.EXCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ātsàbè	'ātsàbè		MLL		pgn marker	1DU.M.INCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ātsàbà-'à	'ātsàbà-'à		MLLL		pgn marker	1DU.M.INCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ātsàm̀	'ātsàm̀		MLL		pgn marker	1DU.M.INCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
tsàm̀	tsàm̀		LL		pgn marker	1DU.M.INCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āsàbè	'āsàbè		MLL		pgn marker	1DU.F.INCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āsàbà-'à	'āsàbà-'à		MLLL		pgn marker	1DU.F.INCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āsàm̀	'āsàm̀		MLL		pgn marker	1DU.F.INCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
sàm̀	sàm̀		LL		pgn marker	1DU.F.INCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ākhàbè	'ākʰàbè		MLL		pgn marker	1DU.C.INCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ākhàbà-'à	'ākʰàbà-'à		MLLL		pgn marker	1DU.C.INCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ākhàm̀	'ākʰàm̀		MLL		pgn marker	1DU.C.INCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
khàm̀	kʰàm̀		LL		pgn marker	1DU.C.INCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītsòò	'ītsòò		MLL		pgn marker	2DU.M.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītsòò-'ò	'ītsòò-'ò		MLLL		pgn marker	2DU.M.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītsòò	'ītsòò		MLL		pgn marker	2DU.M.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
tsòò	tsòò		LL		pgn marker	2DU.M.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsòò	'īsòò		MLL		pgn marker	2DU.F.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsòò-'ò	'īsòò-'ò		MLLL		pgn marker	2DU.F.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsòò	'īsòò		MLL		pgn marker	2DU.F.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
sòò	sòò		LL		pgn marker	2DU.F.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ūkhòò	'ūkʰòò		MLL		pgn marker	2DU.C.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ūkhòò-'ò	'ūkʰòò-'ò		MLLL		pgn marker	2DU.C.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ūkhòò	'ūkʰòò		MLL		pgn marker	2DU.C.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
khòò	kʰòò		LL		pgn marker	2DU.C.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ètsèrè	'ètsèrè		LLL		pgn marker	3DU.M.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ètsèrà-'à	'ètsèrà-'à		LLLL		pgn marker	3DU.M.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ètsèrà	'ètsèrà		LLL		pgn marker	3DU.M.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ètsèrà	'ètsèrà		LLL		pgn marker	3DU.M.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èsèrè	'èsèrè		LLL		pgn marker	3DU.F.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èsèrà-'à	'èsèrà-'à		LLLL		pgn marker	3DU.F.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èsèrà	'èsèrà		LLL		pgn marker	3DU.F.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èsèrà	'èsèrà		LLL		pgn marker	3DU.F.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èkhòrè	'èkʰòrè		LLL		pgn marker	3DU.C.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èkhùrà-'à	'èkʰùrà-'à		LLLL		pgn marker	3DU.C.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èkhùrà	'èkʰùrà		LLL		pgn marker	3DU.C.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èkhùrà	'èkʰùrà		LLL		pgn marker	3DU.C.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īǁàè	'īǁàè		MLL		pgn marker	1PL.M.EXCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īǁàà-'à	'īǁàà-'à		MLLL		pgn marker	1PL.M.EXCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īǁàà	'īǁàà		MLL		pgn marker	1PL.M.EXCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īǁàà	'īǁàà		MLL		pgn marker	1PL.M.EXCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsèè	'īsèè		MLL		pgn marker	1PL.F.EXCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsà-'à	'īsà-'à		MLL		pgn marker	1PL.F.EXCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsàà	'īsàà		MLL		pgn marker	1PL.F.EXCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īsàà	'īsàà		MLL		pgn marker	1PL.F.EXCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītèè	'ītèè		MLL		pgn marker	1PL.C.EXCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītà-'à	'ītà-'à		MLL		pgn marker	1PL.C.EXCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītàà	'ītàà		MLL		pgn marker	1PL.C.EXCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ītàà	'ītàà		MLL		pgn marker	1PL.C.EXCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āǁàè	'āǁàè		MLL		pgn marker	1PL.M.INCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āǁàà-'à	'āǁàà-'à		MLLL		pgn marker	1PL.M.INCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āǁàà	'āǁàà		MLL		pgn marker	1PL.M.INCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
ǁàà	ǁàà		LL		pgn marker	1PL.M.INCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āsèè	'āsèè		MLL		pgn marker	1PL.F.INCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āsàà-'à	'āsàà-'à		MLLL		pgn marker	1PL.F.INCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'āsàà	'āsàà		MLL		pgn marker	1PL.F.INCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
sàà	sàà		LL		pgn marker	1PL.F.INCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ātèè	'ātèè		MLL		pgn marker	1PL.C.INCL.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ātàà-'à	'ātàà-'à		MLLL		pgn marker	1PL.C.INCL.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ātàà	'ātàà		MLL		pgn marker	1PL.C.INCL.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
tàà	tàà		LL		pgn marker	1PL.C.INCL.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īǁòò	'īǁòò		MLL		pgn marker	2PL.M.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īǁòò-'ò	'īǁòò-'ò		MLLL		pgn marker	2PL.M.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īǁòò	'īǁòò		MLL		pgn marker	2PL.M.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
ǁòò	ǁòò		LL		pgn marker	2PL.M.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īdzòò	'īdzòò		MLL		pgn marker	2PL.F.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īdzòò-'ò	'īdzòò-'ò		MLLL		pgn marker	2PL.F.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īdzòò	'īdzòò		MLL		pgn marker	2PL.F.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
dzòò	dzòò		LL		pgn marker	2PL.F.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īcòò	'īcòò		MLL		pgn marker	2PL.C.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īcòò-'ò	'īcòò-'ò		MLLL		pgn marker	2PL.C.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'īcòò	'īcòò		MLL		pgn marker	2PL.C.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
còò	còò		LL		pgn marker	2PL.C.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èǁòò	'èǁòò		LLL		pgn marker	3PL.M.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èǁùà-'à	'èǁùà-'à		LLLL		pgn marker	3PL.M.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èǁòò	'èǁòò		LLL		pgn marker	3PL.M.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èǁòò	'èǁòò		LLL		pgn marker	3PL.M.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èdzè	'èdzè		LL		pgn marker	3PL.F.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'ēdzà-'à	'ēdzà-'à		MLL		pgn marker	3PL.F.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èdzì	'èdzì		LL		pgn marker	3PL.F.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'èdzì	'èdzì		LL		pgn marker	3PL.F.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.
'àrè	'àrè		LL		pgn marker	3PL.C.NOM (ǁGana). See appendix.
'àrà-'à	'àrà-'à		LLL		pgn marker	3PL.C.ACC (ǁGana). See appendix.
'àǹn	'àǹ		L		pgn marker	3PL.C.GEN (ǁGana). See appendix.
'àǹn	'àǹ		LL		pgn marker	3PL.C.IRR (ǁGana). See appendix.

Online Gǀui and Gǁana Dictionary

A Gǀui and Gǁana Dictionary

Short history

Editors

Digital compiler / Application developer

Editorial committee (members ordered alphabetically)

Copyright

Creative Commons License

Disclaimer

Acknowledgement

Security and Privacy

Privacy Policy

Information Collection and Use

Security

Children’s Privacy

Changes to This Privacy Policy

Inquiries

A note on the G|ui-Gǁana orthography

ǀGúī and ǁGáná alphabet

Click consonants

Non-click consonants

Vowels

Materials

Phrases

Appendix

Paradigm of personal pronouns of G|ui

Paradigm of personal pronouns of ǁGana (Dyum variety)

ǀGui PGN enclitics

ǁGana (Dyum variety) PGN enclitics

	ǀááǀáá	ǃááǃáá	ǂááǂáá	ǁááǁáá
1	ǀ	!	ǂ	ǁ
2	ǀg	!g	ǂg	ǁg
3	ǀh	!h	ǂh	ǁh
4	ǀk'	!k'	ǂk'	ǁk'
5	ǀn	!n	ǂn	ǁn
6	ǀx	!x	ǂx	ǁx
7	ǀx'	!x'	ǂx'	ǁx'
8	ǀq	!q	ǂq	ǁq
9	ǀqg	!qg	ǂqg	ǁqg
10	ǀqh	!qh	ǂqh	ǁqh
11	ǀq'	!q'	ǂq'	ǁq'
12	ǀ'	!'	ǂ'	ǁ'
13	ǀnh	!nh	ǂnh	ǁnh

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
1. plain	p	t	ts	c	k	q		'
2. voiced	b	d	dz	dy	g	qg
3. aspirated	ph	th	tsh	ch	kh	qh
4. ejective		t'	ts'	c'	k'	q'	kx'
5. plain+x		tx	tsx
6. plain + kx'		tx'	tsx'
7. nasal	m	n			ng
8. fricative		s				x		h
9. glide, liquid	w	r		y

	Nominative	Accusative	Genitive	Irrealis
1: I, me, my, I should	cèrè	cā	cī / cā	dà
2M: you, you, your, you should	tsī	tsā	tsā	tsì
2F: you, you, your, you should	sī	sā	sā	sì
3M: he, him, his, he should	'àbı̀	'àmà	'àm̀	'àmà
3F: she, her, her, she should	'ēsı̀	'ēsà	'ēsì	'ēsà
3C: it, it, its, it should	'ē	'ē	'ē	'ē

Table 3. Orthographic transcriptions of vowels
	Plain		Nasalized		Pharyngealized
1	i	u			u'
2	e	o	en	on
3		a		an	a'